Colchicum (lat. Colchicum), aka Kolhikum kapena Osennik - chomera chokhala ndi maluwa osatha. Akolochi ndi a banja lachilumba, ndipo malo awo ogawa ndi Central ndi West Asia, Europe ndi Mediterranean, ndi North Africa. Dzina lachilatini la autumn crocus limachokera ku mawu akuti Kolkhis, omwe amatanthauza Kolkhida. Colchis ndi dera la Black Sea, momwe mitundu yambiri ya autumn crocus ndi yamba. Masiku ano, autumn crocus imakula pafupifupi m'madera onse ndi nyengo yozizira. Monga lamulo, nthawi imene autcus crocus imafalikira mochedwa autumn (mochedwa September - oyambirira October).
Kolhikum, iye ndi crocus ya autumn, ndi therere losatha. Zitha kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndi mafupipafupi afupipafupi ndi masamba akulu a mawonekedwe a elongated-lanceolate, omwe amafa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Maluwa a zomera izi amapezeka m'dzinja, ngakhale kuti mitundu ina ya autumn crocus ikuphulika mu masika. Pakati pa maluwa, maluwa osakwatiwa, omwe amaoneka ngati mapiko amachokera kunthaka. Maluwa amafika 20 cm m'litali. M'mawa wa autumn ndi poizoni, Mgiriki wachilengedwe ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala Dioscorides kamodzi analemba za izi.
Tiyeni tipitirire kuchokera ku makhalidwe a autumn crocus ku kufotokoza njira ya kulima chomera ichi.
Mukudziwa? Pa anthu wamba, crocus yotchedwa autumn imatchedwa maluwa okongola kwambiri, maluwa a kangaude, safironi yamaluwa, anyezi a galu, mkate wochuluka komanso nkhonya zakupha.
Malo ndi nthaka ya crocus yophukira
Kudzala kwa autumn kumatchuka kwambiri ndi oyambirira wamaluwa ndi akatswiri okonza mapulani. Chikondi cha autumn crocus chifukwa cha nyengo yake yophukira, imasungunuka panthawi imene maluwa ambiri atha kale. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, masamba akulu, okongola a Kolkhikum amakongoletsa munda. N'zotheka kubisala masamba otukuka ndi ogwa a mtengo wa autumn pakati pa zomera zina. Kuchita izi, kwanira kudzala colchicum pakati pa zomera zokwawa monga periwinkle ndi olimba.
Colchicum amafunikira zoyenera komanso kusamalira. Yambani posonyeza malo otsetsereka. Chomerachi chimakonda malo a dzuwa ndi penumbra yaing'ono. Ndi bwino kupewa mthunzi wakuda, chifukwa pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala omwe akugwera pa autumn crocus.
Crocus ya autumn imafuna dothi losalala ndi lotayirira ndi zakudya zokwanira.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "autumn crocus" linaperekedwa kwa chomera chifukwa chakuti mitundu yake ya maluwa imatha kumapeto kwa kugwa, ndipo bokosi la mbeu likuyamba masika.
Kumala bulb crocus bulb pamalo otseguka
Kulima nthawi ya autumn crocus kumabwera pamene mababu onse a zomera omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu June-July amagawidwa, amadziwika bwinobwino ndipo amauma bwino. Mazira a autumn crocus okonzeka, ndipo mumadabwa kuti mukawabzala pati? Nthaŵi yabwino yobwera ndilo gawo loyamba la August.
Dulani makungwa ang'onoang'ono pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndipo mtunda wa pakati pa maenje ukhale pafupi 15-20 masentimita Pambuyo mababuwa aikidwa m'mayenje, kuwawaza bwinobwino ndi nthaka, ndikuwatsanulira mochuluka.
Zomwe zinachitikira wamaluwa amalangiza Bzalani masamba a autumn m'magulu aang'ono ndi ophatikizana. Kupindula kwakukulu kwa mbande za gulu ndikuti nthawi yoyamba crocus ya autumn imatha maluwa amodzi okha. Chomera chachikulu chimapanga mababu atsopano omwe amapereka maluwa angapo a mthunzi woyera, wa pinki kapena wa lilac. Maluwa osakhwima ndi owala omwewo adzakhala okongoletsera a munda wanu.
Ndikofunikira! Madzi osasinthasintha amavutitsa ku autcus crocus, yang'anani mosamala dera lanu ndikuchotsani mabowo onse omwe madzi amatha kuwapeza.
Kusankhidwa kwa oyandikana nawo chifukwa cha crocus crocus
M'dzinja crocus flower idzakondweretsa inu ngati kulima kumachitika ndi "osankhidwa" osankhidwa bwino. Ozungulira oyandikana ndi maluwa adzakhala abwino hellebore, peony ndi juniper Pambuyo maluwa, autumn crocus idzaphimba zomera zokwawa (zokwawa za thyme, obrietta).
Kolhikum ndi yokwanira kubzala magulu m'mabedi a maluwa ndi osatha, komanso kukongoletsa maluwa, miyala ya miyala, kupopera zitsamba komanso njira zopitilira m'madzi. Komanso, mtengo wa autumn ukhoza kukula miphika, yomwe imatulutsidwa pamsewu, kumalo okongola, kapena kumalo okongoletsa mkati.
4. Kodi mungasamalire bwanji crocus yam'mawa?
Chinthu chosiyana cha autumn crocus ndi kudzichepetsa kwake. Kuthirira mbewu ndi kofunikira pokhapokha pa kukula kwa zamasamba komanso ndi kuyanika kwa nthaka. Pakati pa maluwa a autumn crocus sikofunika kuti madzi, ndipo autcus crocus yomwe imakula mu miphika imamwetsanso madzi.
Kolhikum akhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi slugs kudya maluwa a zomera mumthunzi kapena dampness. Pachifukwachi muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse ndikugwirabe tizirombo.
Zina mwazochita zothandizira chomera - kuchotsa masamba owuma ndi masamba owongolera, komanso kupalira. Kwa nthawi yozizira, crocus ya autumn iyenera kukhala yokutidwa ndi masamba ouma kapena zinthu zosafunika (agrofibre).
Musaiwale kuchita mokhazikika mipando ya colchicum, popeza kuchuluka kwa mababu kudzatsogolera kuti chomera chidzasinthira kokha ku mtundu wobzala. Pachifukwa ichi, crocus crocus imangosiya kufalikira. Crocus yachangu iyenera kuikidwa kamodzi pa zaka 2-3.
Mukudziwa? Mababu ndi mbewu zakutchire crocus amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala monga mankhwala a mphumu komanso khansara.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi matenda a tizirombo ndi autumn crocus
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a autumn crocus ndi nkhono ndi slugs zomwe zimadya masamba a zomera. Polimbana nawo, mungathe kuyika misampha yapadera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molluscicides (methiocarb kapena metaldehyde). Pofuna kuteteza zomera ku slugs, lembani danga pakati pa mizere ndi miyala yabwino kapena dzira lokha. Komanso kuzungulira malo omwe mungathe kuikapo pulasitiki pamadzaza madzi, ndipo izi zidzakhala zotchinga kwa tizirombo.
Grey kuvunda ndi matenda opweteka crocus, Malongosoledwe ake ayenera kuyamba ndi zochitika zake. Monga lamulo, zimachitika pamene chomera chimakhala chonyowa kwambiri. Grey kuvunda ndi matenda a fungal a chirengedwe. Pogonjetsedwa kochepa, chomeracho chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala awa: "Champion", "Topaz", "Kuproksat".
Ndikofunikira! Mbali zolimba za autumn crocus ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuthirira bwino.
Kutha kwa crocus yophukira
Mababu akulu a mtengo wa autumn (oposa 3 masentimita awiri) amagwiritsidwa ntchito yozizira. Mazira a crocus crocus sasowa kutayidwa kunja kwa distillation, monga zina zotupa. Mababu omwe anakumbidwa m'nyengo ya chilimwe ayenera kukhala ouma bwino ndikuikidwa m'malo ozizira. Pafupifupi mwezi usanafike maluwa, babu amafesedwa mu bokosi kapena poto ndi nthaka yachonde. Kumeneko, anyezi amathirira madzi nthawi zonse ndipo amakhala otentha mpaka kutentha kumawonekera.
Pambuyo pake, bokosilo liyenera kusamukira ku malo abwino omwe zomera zimamasula. M'nyengo yozizira, bokosilo likhoza kusamukira ku khonde kapena kumsewu. Kumeneko, nthaka mu bokosi iyenera kukhala yodzazidwa ndi chipale chofewa kuteteza mababu kuti asazizizire. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, iwo adzadzala ndi masamba akuluakulu ndipo adzapatsa ana atsopano kuti azitsatira.
Ndikofunikira! Bulu limodzi lingapereke maluwa angapo, kotero bokosilo liyenera kuchotsedwa kumalo owala pokhapokha mapeto a maluwa.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungapangire chithandizo
Pambuyo pa colchicum zaka 6-7 zidzakhala pamalo amodzi, ziyenera kuziikidwa, pamene tubers zimakhala pafupi ndi chisa, ndipo maluwawo amakhala ochepa.
Kawirikawiri kusindikiza kumachitika mu nthawi yonse, ndiyo, mu August. Ngati tubers ndi zazikulu zokwanira, zimabzalidwa masentimita 15, pamtunda wa masentimita 25 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mitengo yaying'ono siyiyenera kuikidwa m'manda, 6-8 masentimita ndi okwanira, mtunda uyenera kukhala 10-15 masentimita Asanagulire, muyenera kuthirira nthaka ndi phulusa ndi superphosphate - izi zidzathandiza kufulumira kwa kukula kwa mizu, kumathandizira nyengo yozizira ndi kuyambitsa maluwa ambiri.
Autumn crocus ndi chokongola chenicheni cha bedi lanu la maluwa. Chokongoletsani ndi chomera chodabwitsa ichi, ndipo chidzakupatsani zokondweretsa zambiri.
