Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, nkofunika kupanga zinthu zabwino kwa zomera ndi nthaka. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala ndi zakudya ndi mpweya. Kuti muchite izi, yesetsani kulima pogwiritsa ntchito khama. M'nkhaniyi tidzanena zomwe kulima ndi mtundu uti umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Kulongosola kwa chipangizo
Mlimi ndi makina olima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima dzikolo. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi ikuphatikizapo kugaya nthaka ndi kuikapo pansi pansi pa vutoli.
Ndikofunikira! Kulima stony nthaka ndi kusankha chogwirira ntchito ndi chiwindi. Ngati palibe, njirayi idzayendetsa bwino.Pa nthawi yolima, namsongole ndi zotsalira zowonongeka zimagwa pansi. Musanayambe ndikofunika kukhazikitsa kuya kwa masentimita 18 mpaka 35. Chizindikiro ichi chimadalira mawu agronomic.
Zikuluzikulu za unityi zikuphatikizapo:
- mabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi njira;
- magudumu othandizira;
- chowombera.
Mitundu
Malingana ndi cholinga cha unit, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapulasi a matrekta ndi osiyana. Ndikofunikira kusankha njira yoyenera yolima - pogwiritsira ntchito chipangizo chosayenera, sayansi ya kubzala ndi kukula zomera ingasokonezedwe.
Mlimi akusankhidwa malingana ndi tekitala. Matrekta omwe amapezeka kwambiri pa ulimi ndi: T-25, T-150, MTZ-80, MTZ-82, Kirovets K-700, Kirovets K-9000.
Kuti tipite
Musanasankhe chida chokonzekera ndikofunika kusankha chomwe chili chofunikira. Malingana ndi zolinga zomwe zikutsatiridwa, zotsatirazi mitundu ya njira:
- chida cha cholinga chachikulu. Monga lamulo, chipangizo choterechi chili ndi matupi ogwira ntchito, omwe kukula kwake ndi masentimita 35. Ndili, nthaka yokalamba imamera, yomwe imabzala mbewu, masamba ndi mbewu zambewu.
- chida chopindulitsa chopindulitsa. Gawoli limaphatikizapo minda ndi minda ya m'munda, njira zomwe miyala, shrub-mog soil, ndi kulima kwa minda yamphesa. Zigawo za mtundu wautali wa msuti ndi mthunzi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njira ili ndi zina mwazoyendetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, motero ndikofunika kudziŵa bwino lomwe mtundu wa chipangizo chofunikira pazochitika zina.
Malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchitoyi
Malinga ndi mtundu wamagwiritsidwe ntchito zotsatirazi zotsatira:
- kulima kavalo. Njira zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ang'onoang'ono chifukwa cholephera kunyamula tekitala kumalo;
- wolima magalimoto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri polima, ndi chida chamakono cholima;
- wakuba wonyenga. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madera m'mapiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa luso la tekitala kuti agwire ntchito zoterezi.
Kwa madera ang'onoang'ono ndi yabwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito tekitala ya mini, yomwe ingapangidwe ndi manja.
Kugwiritsira ntchito molakwika njirayi kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwake, choncho ndikofunikira kusankha chipangizo cholondola kwambiri pa dera linalake.
Ndi mfundo yovuta
Zimadalira kuchokera ku mtundu wa kugwirizana kwa thiritita Njira zotsatirazi:
- pulawo wokwera. Amasiyana ndi dongosolo lophweka komanso m'malo ochepa thupi. Kuti muthe kugwira bwino ntchitoyi, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mutu umene uli ndi chigawo chochepa. Pokhala pa malo oyendetsa katundu, zipangizo zamtundu uwu zimapereka mphindi yaing'ono yopondereza kwa thirakitala;
Ndikofunikira! Kuti pfumbi lilowe mu khasu limakhala losavuta ngati n'kotheka, nkofunika kuyika bokosi lopangidwa ndi bokosi lopangidwa ndi lala ndi chikhomo.
- pulawo wokhala ndi mapiri. Ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi malo osinthika. Pokhala pa malo oyendetsa katundu, ena mwa unyinji wa unit amagwera pa gudumu lake kumbuyo;
- kulima koweta. Zimaphatikizapo mawilo atatu ndi ngolola, zomwe ndi zofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kuyenda ndi kukhazikika kwapamwamba. Monga lamulo, maunitelo omwe akutsatirawa akuphatikizapo munda, timagulu tautali, komanso zipangizo zokonzera dothi la shrub.
Polima mapangidwe a thupi
Gawo la pulawo malinga ndi thupi ikuphatikizapo njira za mtundu wotero:
- wolima. Mtundu wowonjezeka kwambiri, womwe wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale;
- diski. Pothandizidwa ndi chida cholimidwa cholemera, dothi louma ndi louma kwambiri m'madera oweta;
- kuphatikiza ndi kusinthasintha. Magulu apadera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuti asamalidwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka. Asanagwiritse ntchito, kufufuza kwa zipangizozi kuyenera kuchitidwa.
Mukudziwa? Mlimi woyamba womwe unagulitsidwa unagulitsidwa mu 1730 ku England.
- chisel. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mbali yaikulu ya kulima - malo osungirako zida.
Mlimi: Malangizo ndi zidule pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo
Mosasamala mtundu wanji wa khama womwe uti mugwiritse ntchito, musanayambe ntchito ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa ndi kusintha njira. Zili ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:
- Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chilengedwecho ndi chodalirika, ngati zigawo zina zili zotayirira, nkofunika kuti zikhale zolimba. Onetsetsani kuti mupaka mafuta onse okhala ndi ziwalo.
- Kusintha kwa nthaka. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya kusintha. Ngati vutoli silikukwanira, ploughshare idzalowa pansi kwambiri.
- Kutalika kwazithunzi zazithunzi kumayang'aniridwa. Malo amtundu womwewo ali pamtunda womwewo akuonedwa kuti ndi ovomerezeka.
- Pachigawo chomalizira ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa kufotokozera. Kuti muchite izi, sungani kutalika kwa msampha. Kutalika kwake kutalika, kukula kwa zidazo.
Mukudziwa? Kalekale, khama linali nkhani ya ulemu. Kuba kwake kunkawoneka ngati tchimo lalikulu ndipo wakuba anatenga chilango chachikulu.
Posankha njira yolima, ndi bwino kulankhulana ndi bwenzi lanu lapamtima kapena sitolo yapadera. Adzakuthandizani kupanga chisankho ndi kupereka uphungu pa ntchito ya khasu.
