Froberries akhala atakhazikitsidwa mwakhama m'minda yathu ndi nyumba zazing'ono. Ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa kukoma kwa mabulosiwa ndipadera. Ndipo zowonjezera zowonjezera za kulima kwa chikhalidwe ichi zimakupatsani inu kuyesera kubzala kwake. Timaphunzira zomwe zimakondweretsa kuika maluwa pamtunda.
Pamene kudzala strawberries mu kasupe
Kulima zipatsozi kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe omwe eni ake a minda ya sitiroberi ayenera kuganizira. Kukolola kwa m'tsogolo kumadalira nthawi yoyenera yobzala.
Masiku a kalendala
Mbande anaika lotseguka pansi ndi diso pa nyengo khalidwe la malo ena. Ngati tikulankhula za masiku enieni, ndiye m'malo osiyanasiyana iwo adzakhala monga choncho:
- Choyamba, iwo amayamba kubzala kumwera (mu nyengo yofatsa kapena yamtunda, amatha kubzala kuchokera pa March 5-15);
- m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, kubzala kudzachitika kuchokera pa April 10 mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi;
- kwa kumpoto, nthawi ya pakati pa 1 ndi 15 May ndi yabwino kwambiri.
Koma kulingalira pazinthu zokha pa kalendala sikuli koyenera - zina zimagwira ntchito. 
Mavuto a nyengo
Kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino ndi kofunika kuti kubzala kunja. zosachepera 10+ +15 ° С.
M'madera ambiri, chiopsezo chobwerezabwereza chisanu chimakhala chili chonse - chimachokera ku zochitikazo, chophimba mbewu ndi filimu kapena agrofiber, yomwe imatsegulidwa pa tsiku labwino kapena nthawi zonse + 15 ... +20 ° С.
Ndikofunikira! Mukakulira mumtunda wotentha wowonjezera kutentha, zochitika kunja sizimagwira ntchito yapadera (poipa kwambiri, iwo amathandizira kuvala monga agrofibre).
Komanso, nthaka iyeneranso kutentha (mpaka 8-9 ° С kumtunda wapamwamba).
Tsiku lopanda mtambo ndiloyenera kutsegulira kumalo otseguka - mvula yamasika yamasika idzakhala yosayenera masiku oyambirira (filimuyi imathandizanso apa). 
Zizindikiro za dera
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyengo idawonetseratu nthawi yobzala ndi nthawi ya ntchito zoterezi.
Mu Ukraine Kudyetsa nyengo kumapezeka makamaka pakati pa mwezi wa April - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May (kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kumadera omwe nthawi zambiri silingatheke, amalekerera masabata 1-2).
Kum'mwera, ntchito yomweyi ikuchitika kale - dothi limathamanga mofulumira, ndipo palibe mantha ambiri a chisanu. Zotsatira zake, zokolola zimachotsedwa kale. Komanso, mu nyengo yotentha, masiku a fruiting amasinthidwa masiku 7-10 m'mbuyomo kusiyana ndi miyezo ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mu Moscow dera Izi ndi zosiyana: kutsika kwa kasupe kumakhala kochepa kwambiri poyambanso kumapeto kwa autumn, yomwe yakhala ikuchitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa August. Chifukwa cha izi ndi nyengo yozizira komanso sizilombo zabwino.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha mmene amapangidwira, sitiroberi amaonedwa kuti ndi ofanana ndi a Aspirin.
Koma mkati Siberia ndi kupitirira Mizinda Mapepala akuluakulu a strawberries amaikidwa pansi pamtunda - pamphepete mwazi, ndi nyengo yawo yowawa, uwu ndi mwayi wokhawokha kuti ukhale ndi mbande zabwino ndi zokolola. Ndi ozizira koyamba pa tchire nthawi yokwanira bwino. 
Kusankha malo pa tsamba
Strawberry amaonedwa ngati akufuna nthaka ndi zomera. Kusankha "chigamba" cha chikhalidwe ichi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzimvetsera zinthu zotsatirazi:
- Dothi la nthaka - liyenera kukhala lofewa komanso losalala, lingakhale dothi lakuda, lola lowala kapena nthaka yamchenga. Kuonjezerapo, nthaka ikukonzekera pasadakhale: namsongole amachotsedwa, kumasulidwa, ndi zina zotero (gawo ili la ntchito lidzafotokozedwa pang'ono pokha);
- Madzi a pansi pamtunda - kulemera kwao kulibe kusiyana ndi 0.8-1 m. Mbali yapamwamba idzapangitsa kulima kulima (muzochitika zotere, zidzakwera pamwamba, mpaka 50 cm, zitunda);
- malo - ndithu, mbande zimabweretsedwa kumtunda pang'ono kapena kutsetsereka kotsetsereka kotsetsereka - malo otsika sangathe kugwira ntchito;
- Kuunikira - strawberries amafunikira malo omasuka okha. Inde, kuti munthu asakhale ndi mthunzi wathunthu m'dzikoli sizingatheke, koma tchire liyenera kukhala pazowunikira kwambiri;
- mphepo, kapena kuti, kupezeka kwake - zipatso izi ngati malo otetezedwa ku gusts;
- Zotsatira za mbewu - abambo "abwino" m'derali adzakhala kaloti ndi parsley, anyezi ndi adyo, komanso nyemba (nyemba, soya ndi nandolo). Amadzaza nthaka ndi nayitrogeni, yomwe imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Koma palinso mitundu yambiri yomwe dziko lapansi lidzavomereza mbande - mosamalitsa - kabichi, zukini, tomato ndi mbatata.
Ndikofunikira! Zomera zowonongeka zimapangitsa kuti nthaka isasokoneze. Komanso, strawberries anabzala pambuyo pawo amaopsezedwa ndi mochedwa choipitsa.
Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso la zaka zingati zomwe mungameremo strawberries pamalo omwewo. Zonse zimatengera osankhidwa osiyanasiyana: manyuchi amafika pachimake kale zaka 2-3, pamene ena amakula ndikukhala ndi zaka 4. Chiwerengerochi ndilokumapeto kwa mawu akuti "malo" okhala ndi strawberries pamalo amodzi. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, malowa amapatsidwa chinachake monga tchuthi la zaka ziwiri, pomwe tchire timasambira.
Werengani komanso za maonekedwe a yophukira sitiroberi.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande zathanzi pamene mukugula
Ndi malo omwe mwasankha, tsopano mukufunika kunyamula mbande zamphamvu kwambiri. 
Kuzindikira kuti boma lawo ndi losavuta:
- Choyamba, iwo amayesa maonekedwe - sikuyenera kukhala masamba owongolera ndi mizu youma;
- masamba abwino kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Kumakhudza iwo ali achikopa, nthawi zambiri ndi owoneka pansi. Zosakaniza, zotumbululuka, kapena timapepala timene timasonyeza kuti mbewuzo zikudwala kwambiri;
- Mbande zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi rhizome yotseguka zimakhala zathanzi ngati kutalika kwa mizu yawo yokhala ndi zamoyo 7-8 masentimita (okhala ndi nyanga ya 7 mm kapena kuposa);
- Ngati mbande zikugulitsidwa miphika, zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zidzakhala ndi nthawi yoti zizolowezi zawo zikhale zofanana ndizo.
Mukudziwa? Chilimwe chilichonse ku Nemi (Italy) chikondwerero cha sitiroberi chikuchitika. "Chinyengo" chake ndi mbale yayikulu yomwe imatulutsa tani ya strawberries ndikudzaza ndi champagne. Mchere wokongola akhoza kuyesa aliyense wopita.
Inde, ndi bwino kupanga malonda otero kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika, omwe, ngati kuli kofunikira, amapereka malangizo pa kulima mtundu wina. 
Ntchito yokonzekera
Kukolola kwakukulu kwa sitiroberi "kwakonzedweratu" asanabzalidwe. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutengeredwa kwa nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Mabulosi ambiri a sitiroberi anakulira ndi Japanese Koji Nakao - chipatsocho chimamangirizidwa ndi 250 g!
Kukonzekera mabedi
Kubwerera kumayambiriro kwa autumn, mabedi anakumbidwa ndi 25-30 cm (ndiko, pa bayonet ya spades). Izi zimachotsa mizu yonse, makamaka udzu wa tirigu.
Ndiye organic feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - manyowa kapena humus. Pankhaniyi, chiwerengero cha 2.5-3 kg / 1 sq. M. M. Ndizofunikira kugawira zosanjikiza. Chilichonse, chiwembu chokonzekera chikonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Anthu omwe akugwira ntchito yolima mtundu wa hybrid (ndipo samayankha nthawi zonse ku kompositi), dziwani kuti mbande zoterozo zimafunikira chakudya chapadera - gawo la gawo la masentimita 10 laikidwa pansi. Pakuti kukonzekera kwake kumatenga magawo ofanana a humus ndi mchenga woyera, peat ndi sod.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, nthaka imasulidwa ndi mamba. Masabata awiri asanayambe kubzala, chithandizo chamtundu wa chithandizo chamtunduwu chimapangidwa mwa mtundu wa disinfection (izi zidzachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a fungal). 
Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani zosavuta:
- 0,5 makilogalamu a laimu ndi 50 g zamkuwa sulphate amawonjezeredwa 10 malita a madzi;
- yankho limayambitsidwa ndi kutentha mpaka 70 ° C;
- mlingo wa ntchito - 1 l / 1 lalikulu. m
Ndikofunikira! Chofunika pa chikhalidwe ichi ndi nthaka ndi acidity ya 5.5-6.5 pH.
Nkhani yosiyana ndi yofesa kumadzulo. Izi zidzakuthandizani kwambiri mbande zamtsogolo komanso njira zabwino zochiritsira zachonde. Nsabwe za mpiru ndi kugwiriridwa ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zoterezi. Komabe, mwamsanga musanayambe kuyika strawberries ayenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama kuchotsa nsonga zawo ndi mizu.
Mbande kukonzekera
Gawo ili ndi lodziŵika chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake. Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndi:
- kuchepetsa mizu yaitali kwambiri ku 6-7 masentimita;
- Sakanizani mbeuyo mu njira yothetsera iodini 1% ndikugwiritsanso masiku atatu pamalo ozizira;
- Kukhudza komaliza ndiko mankhwala a rhizomes ndi osakaniza dongo ndi mullein mu magawo ofanana. Kukonzekera kumeneku kudzafulumizitsa zojambulajambula.
Onaninso za kudyetsa strawberries ndi ayodini.
Ambiri asanayambe kudula masamba otsala, kusiya mtima wokhawokha (kukula) ndi kumtunda, kumangowongoka.
Malamulo obwera
Nthawi yovuta kwambiri ndikufika pokhapokha. Kawirikawiri imachitika tsiku lamadzulo, madzulo. 
Mchitidwe wokhawo umadziwika bwino kwa aliyense:
- pansi pa mmera uliwonse, kukumba dzenje 12-15 masentimita mozama ndi pafupi kukula kwake. Mtengo wokhala pansi umapatsa mtunda wa masentimita 35 pakati pa mabowo ndi masentimita 40 pakati pa mizere;
- Madzi ang'onoang'ono ofunda amathiridwa mu dzenje, pomwe akugona pang'ono. Pambuyo polola madziwo kuti alowe, mmerawo umayikidwa kuti chigawo chokula (mtima) chifike pamtunda. Samalani kuti musawononge mizu;
- ndiye amatsukidwa bwino ndi nthaka ndipo mopepuka amachotsa pamwamba pake - dothi lidzasungunuka pang'ono kuchokera ku chinyezi, ndipo chitunda chaching'ono chiyenera kutha kumapeto;
- Imakhalabe kuti imwe madzi (0,5 malita a madzi payekha). Ngati, pazifukwa zina, palibe chovala choyambirira chokwera pamwamba, amachokera ku vutoli pofalitsa osakaniza 30 g wa superphosphate, 15 g wa ammonium nitrate ndi 10 g wa potaziyamu mchere (mlingo pa 1 sq. M) mofanana.
Mukudziwa? The English call strawberries sitiroberi (chifukwa cha mulch kuchokera nkhaniyi).
Ichi ndi chizolowezi chofala komanso "zasayansi". Koma mtunda wa pakati pa mbande ndi mizere ingasinthe malingana ndi njira yosankhira yosankhidwa. Kuwonjezera pa njira yomwe ili pamwambapa, mitundu ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imasiyanasiyana ndi magawo awo. 
Zina mwazo zikuwonekera:
- njira imodzi yokha - masentimita 15 amasiyidwa pakati pa mbande, pakati pa mizera 60 cm iliyonse;
- mizere iwiri - apa nambalayi ndi yosiyana - 20x30 masentimita. Koma pali phokoso limodzi: njira iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri ku chilimwe m'malo mochepetsedwa;
- chovala - amapereka ndondomeko ya masentimita 7x30. Pogwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe ameneŵa, tchire amapanga microclimate yapadera - akukula mofulumira pamodzi, sasiya mwayi wamsongole. Ngakhale kuli kofunika kwambiri - zipatsozo zidzakhala zochepa;
- chitsamba - zoyenera kuchuluka kwa mbande. Mukawoneka kuchokera pamwamba, iwo amapanga makulangles a 50x70 cm aliyense;
- kuswana - Pakatikati mwa malo osankhidwa, sapine imodzi, ndipo udzu wa 5-6 udabzalidwa masentimita 10 kuchokera kumbali yozungulira. Pakati pa zisa izi zimakhala ndi mtunda wa masentimita 30. Njira yabwino kwa dera laling'ono ndi kuchuluka kodabwitsa kwa kubzala.
Monga momwe mukuonera, njira yobzala imakulolani kuyesayesa kukonza zitsamba zamtsogolo. Ndipo kuti mupitirize kukolola zokolola zolembera, nkofunika kubwezeretsa malamulo oyang'anira kusamalira massifiti.
Video: kubzala strawberries masika
Kusamalanso kwina
Kwenikweni, imatentha njira zophweka komanso zabwino.
Kuthirira kawirikawiri imachitika m'mawa. M'nyengo yotentha kapena chilala, mbande imathiridwa 1 kapena 2 patsiku, ndipo nyengo yocheperapo imakhala yochepa. Mu mvula yamphamvu ndi yaitali, mabedi amaphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo.
Komabe, musalowerere mu njira zamadzi - chinyezi chochuluka chingayambitse matenda monga powdery mildew kapena kuvunda.
Froberberries ingakhudzidwe ndi matenda monga verticilliasis, fusarium, bulauni malo.
Masiku 10 oyambirira mutabzala chitsamba chilichonse amamwe madzi tsiku ndi tsiku (0,5 malita). Pamaso maluwa, tchire akulangizidwa kuti azitha kuthiridwa ndi kukonkha. Pambuyo pake, amasinthasintha madzi okwanira (+16 ° C ndi zina) madzi, akuyesera kuti asakhudze zipatso ndi maluwa - chinyezi chiyenera kulowa m'nthaka.
Whisker kudula Mayi, mmawa wouma. Adachotsedwa masharubu oposa. Zitsamba zamagetsi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza masharubu kwa zaka 2-3 (iwo amadulidwa masabata awiri asanabzala).
Phunzirani momwe mungadulire masamba a sitiroberi ndi masharubu.
Chimodzimodzinso ndi masamba - zachiwawa kwambiri zimachotsedwa, zomwe zimapindulitsa ku chitsamba chonse: zimatetezera ku tizirombo ndi matenda. 
Choncho kuti peduncles musakhudze nthaka ndipo musapitirire kutentha, zomera mulch kumbuyo kwa kasupe. Katungidwe kakang'ono ka udzu kapena ndowe, kompositi kapena humus zidzakhala zoyenera ngati zokutira. Monga njira - wandiweyani polyethylene, zojambula zochepa kapena ufa wa mwala.
Phunzirani zambiri za kusamalira kwa sitiroberi: mu kasupe, panthawi ya maluwa, mutatha kukolola, m'dzinja.
Zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa autumn kuteteza ku chimfine. Pazifukwazi, akhoza kutsogoleredwa ndi nthambi za pine kapena agrofibre.
Musaiwale za fetelezazomwe zimapangitsa zotsatirazi:
- Potaziyamu ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni (potaziyamu sulphate, phulusa la phulusa, potaziyamu magnesium, etc.) amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yopuma. Mlingo ndi kawirikawiri zimadalira kalasi - phunzirani deta pa phukusi;
- Nthawi yamaluwa ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yotumikira nkhuku kapena potassium nitrate;
- mutatha kukolola, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi nitroammofosca kumatsatira (2 supuni pa 10 malita a madzi akutengedwa);
- Kudyetsa komaliza kukugwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe - kuyamba kwa autumn. Tengani magalamu 30 a urea pa 10 malita a madzi. Madziwo amalowetsedwa ndi granules (80-130 g / 1 sq. M).
Onaninso za sitiroberi kudyetsa masika ndi autumn.
Pambuyo poona zachinsinsi zamakono zamakono, tidzapeza chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakondweretsa aliyense amene akukonzekera kukula kasupe wa strawberries - pamene akuyembekeza zokolola.
Khalani ndikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yachisanu chodzala kudya zipatso zowutsa mudyo sizidzapambana kale kuposa pakati kapena kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Dziwani kuti nthawi izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyana siyana - mbande, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta, zimatha kuyembekezera nyengo yotsatira (kapena kupereka zipatso zochepa m'chaka choyamba).
Ndikofunikira! Kuvala koyamba monga mawonekedwe a zitosi za mbalame amapangidwa masabata awiri mutabzala.
Kawirikawiri, musanayambe kukonzekera dothi, ganizirani ngati mwakonzekera kukolola mokwanira kapena ngati njira yopsekera m'dzinja ndi yokongola kwambiri.
Video: kusamalira ndi kudyetsa strawberries
Osamalira wamaluwa
Tinaphunzira zomwe zimakhala zodabwitsa za sayansi yamakina a sitiroberi, komanso njira zomwe zimapereka. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi idzakhala yothandiza kwa inu, ndipo mitengo yowonjezera ikuluikulu idzakudodometsani ndi zokolola zomwe simukuzidziwapo.
