Mpesa wa actinidia uli wokongola chifukwa cha zipatso zake zokoma ndi zokwera za ascorbic acid, kudzichepetsa (kubzala ndi kusamalira sikovuta), kukhala ndi moyo kwautali (kumakhala zaka 40). Mkanda wofewa wokhala ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira, munda wamtundu wina wa actinidia (colomikta, argut, mitala, wofiira, ndi zina zotero) wakula bwino.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "Actinidia" limachokera ku Chigriki. Mphindi - phokoso. Actinidia anayamba kufotokozedwa ndi Lindley mu 1835, ndipo mu 1905 chomeracho chinamera ku New Zealand, ndipo chipatsocho chimatchedwa "Kiwi" polemekeza mbalame ya New Zealand. I. Michurin kuyambira chaka cha 1909 anali kugwira nawo ntchito yotulutsa actinidia.
Kulima mbande za Actinidia
Ngati mwasankha kudzala actinidia pa chiwembu chanu, ndiye Zomera zomwe zimapezeka ndi kudula ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (actinidia akukula kuchokera ku mbewu ataya makhalidwe awo). Mukhoza kukula mbande nokha, ndipo mungagule mu sitolo yapadera. Pogula mbande za actinidia, zinthu ziwiri ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
- Kodi kuthawa (ngati mphukira ikukula kuchokera ku mphukira - iyo imapezeka kuchokera ku mbewu, ngati thunthu lalifupi ndi mbali likuwombera - mphukira imapezeka pofalitsidwa ndi kudula).
- Kodi kugonana ndi kotani?actinidia - dioecious chikhalidwe, kotero fruiting ndikofunika kugula mbande za amuna ndi akazi onse).
Ndikofunikira! Kupeza mbande za actinidia ayenera kumvetsera mizu - iyenera kutsekedwa (pansi, polyethylene, chidebe chapadera). Dzuwa, kutentha, mpweya wouma ukhoza kuwononga zomera. Nthaŵi yabwino kwambiri ya mmera sizoposa zaka zitatu (zomera zowonjezereka "zowonjezera" sizingatheke kuika). Pansi pa chomeracho chikhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi maluwa okha. Kudula mbande kumakhala pansi pa chomera chopereka, choncho ndi bwino kugula njira zakufa zomera.
Nthawi yabwino yofika pakhomo
Kukula kwa actinidia kumadalira nthawi yobzala. Pakati pa wamaluwa palibe mgwirizano pa nthawi ya nthawi yabwino. Pali njira zingapo:
- kumayambiriro kwa masika, madzi asanatuluke;
- mapeto a April - chiyambi cha chilimwe (pambuyo pa mapeto a maluwa);
- autumn (osachepera awiri - masabata atatu isanayambe chisanu).
Zolemba za dothi
Actinidia amakonda malo acidic ndi dothi lochepa (pH = 4 - 5), koma kukula bwino pamalo osalowerera (ndi feteleza abwino). Malo osakaniza dothi lokhala ndi nthaka yapamwamba. Chofunikira chofunikira kukula ndikuti nthaka ya actinidia ikhale ndi madzi abwino. M'pofunika kudzala zomera m'madera okwezeka ndi ngalande zachilengedwe.
Mukamadzala actinidia pasadakhale (milungu iwiri), muyenera kukonzekera maenje okwera (pamene zokongoletsera makoma):
- 0,5 mamita - m'lifupi, kutalika, kuzama (ngalande kutalika kumadalira kutalika kwa khoma);
- ngalande (njerwa chips, miyala);
- pamtunda - kulemera kwa nthaka (humus (chidebe), malasha (50 gr.), superphosphate (250 gr.).
Otsogola bwino ndi oyandikana nawo a actinidia
Chotsatira kwambiri ndi black currant (imamasula nthaka, siichotsa icho). Kusankhidwa kwa "oyandikana nawo" chifukwa chothandizira chomera cha actinidia. Zotsatira zabwino zimapereka:
- nyemba - nyemba, nyemba, nandolo (kusintha nthaka, kusunga madzi okwanira, kusintha microclimate);
- wakuda currant, filbert;
- maluwa - petunia, gerbera, calendula, aster, ndi zina (musamame nthaka, azikongoletsa).
- mitengo yambiri ya zipatso (makamaka apulo mitengo). Mitengo imataya nthaka ndi mizu yawo. Kukumba nsanamira yapafupi ndi yoopsa kwa mizu ya actinidia. Mbewu yomwe imalongosola ikhoza kukwera masentimita makumi awiri ndi mamita okhwimitsa, kuti zikhale zovuta kusonkhanitsa zipatso;
- mitengo yambiri ya zipatso (ikhoza kufa chifukwa cha "kukumbidwa" kwa liana).
Ndikofunikira! Actinidia amafunika kuzimitsidwa asanafike zaka zitatu (kuwala kwa dzuwa kungachititse kutentha kwa mizu ndi zimayambira).
Choyenera
Musanabzala, mbande za actinidia zakonzedwa motere: zowonongeka zowuma kapena zowonongeka, mizu imalowetsedwa mu dongo, madzi amathiridwa m'dzenje.
Muzu wa mizu iyenera kugwedezeka ndi nthaka. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe ma void omwe amapangidwira, kupondaponda pansi pang'ono ndi kusungunula ndi zinthu zofunikira.
Pakuti fruiting kwa zomera zitatu zilizonse zimayenera kukhala mwamuna mmodzi. Mtunda pakati pa mbande mutabzala - osachepera mita imodzi ndi theka. Pamapeto pa kubzala, nkofunika kuthirira madziwa ndi madzi awiri - 3 ndi kutseka dzuwa ndi dzuwa, pepala, ndi zina zotero.
Mukudziwa? N'zotheka kudziwa komwe akazi ali, ndi kumene amuna amatha kuthekera ndi mitundu ya actinidia: ngati pakati pa duwa pali maluwa oyera ndi maluwa a maluwa, ngati ovary atazungulira ndi stamens, ndi mwamuna.
Maziko a Careinidia Care
Kudyetsa bwino ndi kusakhala kwathunthu kwa tizirombo kumathandizira chisamaliro cha actinidia. Pofuna kukula bwino kwa mbeu ndi kukulitsa chonde, ndibwino kuti mupereke zothandizira - trellis (waya wothandizira pakati pa nsanamira).
Ndikofunikira! Anabzala cuttings kuchokera ku lignified actinidia sangathe kuikidwa kwa zaka zosachepera ziwiri - mizu yawo iyenera kulimbikitsidwa.
Kuthirira ndi kuthirira feteleza nthaka
Kuthirira actinidia - moyenera. Kutentha kwakukulu sikuyenera kuloledwa (chizindikiro ndicho nthaka pamzuzi). All actinidia ngati kupopera masamba ndi fumbi lamadzi (m'mawa ndi madzulo).
Manyowa amasankhidwa malingana ndi zomwe zimakonda zomera (nthaka yochepa yambiri komanso acidic) - potaziyamu chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, phulusa la nkhuni, ndi zina zotero. Chlorini-yopangidwa feteleza ndizotsutsana, monga laimu ndi manyowa atsopano.
Musanayambe kudya actiinidia m'chaka, chisanu chimasungunuka, m'pofunika kuti modzichepetsa mumasule nthaka pafupi ndi mizu (3-5 masentimita). Kukumba sikutheka - ukhoza kuwononga mizu. Kudyetsa n'kofunika:
- kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (iwo amakhala ndi mulingo wambiri ndi manyowa - pamtunda uliwonse - 35 magalamu a nitrogen, 20 magalamu a phosphate kapena fetashi feteleza);
- pakati - mapeto a kasupe (mapangidwe a mazira ambiri) (15-20 magalamu a nayitrogeni, 10 magalamu a phosphate ndi 10 gm ya potashi zowonjezerapo peresenti). M'nyengo yozizira muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala mizu yanu, mudzaze nthaka ikadziwika;
- kumapeto kwa zokolola, isanafike nyengo yozizira. Anthu owopsa amamera ndi superphosphate ndi potassium chloride. Mizu yowonjezeredwa ndi chigawo cha peat ndi masamba.
Ndikofunikira! Actinidia nthawi zina amakhudzidwa ndi tsamba la masamba ndi imvi zipatso zowola. Mitengo yachinyamata (mphukira komanso makamaka mizu) ikhoza kudyedwa ndi amphaka. Pofuna kusunga mizu, zomera zimamangidwa ndizitsulo zamkuwa.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito
Actinidia chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo kudulira.. Kudulira ndikofunikira kwa liana yachinyamata (chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake abwino) ndi kwa chomera chachikulu (kukula kwa liana kumabweretsa kuphulika, mdima, ndi zochepa).
Pokonzekera kudulira, ganizirani izi:
- Nthaŵi yabwino yotsatirayi ndi miyezi ya chilimwe, mwamsanga mutangomaliza maluwa;
- mu kugwa, pafupifupi mwezi usanathe chisanu (chisanu chikhoza kumasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana) - kudulira sikungakonzedwe (kuyambitsa masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono sizidzatha ndipo chisanu chidzawapha). Kumadera akum'mwera, kudulira kwachitetezo kumachitika pambuyo pa kutha kwa tsamba;
- kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (pamene madzi akusuntha pamphesa) kudulira sikuletsedwa - kuphwanya kulikonse kwa chomera kumadza ndi imfa yake.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu iliyonse ya actinidia ili ndi zida zake zomwe zimayenera kuganiziridwa pamene mukudulira. Mwachitsanzo, colomikt wa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu chaka chilichonse amachotsa nthambi imodzi yakale ndikuiika ndi mphukira yaing'ono. Kolomikt mwa mawonekedwe a chitsamba sabala zipatso bwino ndipo amafunikira trellis. Mu mkangano, mpesa waukulu ndi moyo wonse, koma umakhala wochepa kwambiri komanso wochepetsedwa (mphukira zochepa zimabereka zipatso), ndi zina zotero.Kuchepetsa actinidia achinyamata kumagwirizana ndi kupanga mapangidwe. Pamene funso lidzathetsedwa - komwe kudzala actinidia, muyenera kulingalira mmene zidzakhalira. Kwa colomict, mawonekedwe ambiri omwe amapanga ndi:
- chaka choyamba - chotsani mbali ya mlengalenga, kusiya masamba awiri ndi atatu;
- Chaka chachiwiri - chotsani mphukira yonse, kupatula 2 - 4 ofukula (manja). Pambuyo pa tsamba lakugwa, masamba awo apical amachotsedwa;
- chaka chachitatu - mzere wolimba kwambiri umasankhidwa ndi womangidwa kumanzere ndi kumanja trellis;
- chaka chachinayi ndi chachisanu (5) - chophimba kwambiri nthambi zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zokhudza zipatso zambiri, kudulira mitengo yofooka, yoonda, yosweka ndi yopanda zipatso.
Zima zozizira za actinidia
Mitambo ya Actinidia ikuluikulu imakhala ndi chisanu chokwera chisanu (colomicta ikhoza kupirira chisanu mpaka -35 ° -45 ° C ° C). Zaka 2 mpaka 3 zoyambirira za moyo kwa achinyamata achinyamata m'nyengo yozizira ndi bwino kuphimba ndi pilo la masamba, nthambi za spruce kapena polyethylene.
Sikutentha kutentha m'nyengo yozizira yomwe ndi yoopsa kwambiri kwa mipesa, koma masika a frosts (achinyamata mphukira za actinidia, maluwa ndi masamba amakhala ovuta kwa iwo). Kutsika kwa kutentha pansi pazero ndi madigiri 8 kungathe kuwononga mphukira yaing'ono.
Kuyala aciniinidia pafupi ndi nyumba yokhalamo kumachepetsa pang'ono ngozi ya chisanu, koma vuto lingabwere chifukwa cha madzi akumwa kuchokera padenga.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Actinidia amabweretsa zipatso zoyamba kukwaniritsa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Zomera za zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zakubadwa zimabala chipatso nthawi zonse (imodzi ya actinidia ikhoza kubala kuchokera pa 12 mpaka 60 makilogalamu a mbewu). Kukolola kumayamba kumapeto kwa August ndikupitirira mpaka chisanu.
Nthawi yakucha ya zipatso zosiyanasiyana za actinidia sizomwezo:
- colomikta - pakati pa mwezi wa August (zipatso zimapsa bwino ndipo ena mwa iwo akhoza kutha pansi). Zipatso zobiriwira zimatha kupsa pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa ku mpesa. Kuyenda ndi kusungirako, ndi bwino kusankha zipatso zobiriwira;
- kukangana ndi Giralda - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September (iwo amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi wachifundo);
- mitala - September (mtundu wa zipatso - kuchokera ku chikasu mpaka kulanje);
- zofiirira - kumapeto kwa September (zipatso sizitsitsimuka, zofiirira).
Zipatso zimasungidwa bwino muzipinda zowonongeka, zowonjezera mpweya (zimakhudza kwambiri zofukiza).
Mukudziwa? Mabulosi amodzi a actinidia amapereka anthu kufunikira kwa vitamini C patsiku. Mabulosi a colomickt ali ndi vitamini C maulendo angapo kuposa ma currants wakuda ndipo nthawi 13 kuposa lamu. Mu processing of actinidia zipatso zonse mavitamini ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito zimasungidwa. Pectin mu zipatso za actinidia amachotsa mwamphamvu zitsulo zamchere ndi zowonjezera zitsulo kuchokera ku thupi.Actinidia zipatso zimasungidwa:
- mazira (kutsuka zipatso, kupukutira ndi kuzizira);
- zouma (zotsuka ndi zouma mu uvuni (madigiri 55);
- monga kupanikizana kofiira (nthaka zipatso ndi shuga - 2 mpaka 3);
- zouma (kutsukidwa zipatso zatsanulidwa ndi madzi otentha, kutenthedwa kwa mphindi 7, madzi amatsanulidwa, zipatsozo zouma mu uvuni kwa mphindi 15 pa madigiri 80.
Kubereka actinidia
Kufalitsa kwa actinidia n'kosavuta. Kubzala masamba kumakhala ndi ubwino - kumapereka maonekedwe a zosiyana, kugonana, ndi fruiting pa chaka cha 3 mpaka 4. Kufalitsa mbewu kumapereka mpata wopeza zomera zolimba, koma fruiting - kuyambira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Muzu ana
Kufalikira ndi mbewu yazu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ku actinidia wa polygam ndi colomicta.
Mukudziwa? Kufalikira kwazu mizu mu argut n'zosatheka - mizu ana a zosiyanasiyana si.
Zokongola ndi zofiira
Kufotokozera njira zomwe zimafalitsira zamasamba za actinidia, imodzi imayenera kuyamba ndi mofulumira komanso yowonjezereka - kumtumikizanitsa. Njira iyi imakulolani kuti mulandire maonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndikupeza mbande zambiri. Anagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri - zobiriwira zamtundu ndi zowonongeka.
Green cuttings (kumtunda kwa mphukira kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 cm) amasungidwa kumapeto kwa May - oyambirira June (pamene maluwa mapeto): kudula ndi awiri - atatu masamba ndi internodes. Kudula pansi kwa phesi kumafunika 45 °, pamwamba - molunjika. Tsinde:
- amafesa kuti aziwombera pansi pamtunda ndi gawo (ngalande, masentimita 10 a chisakanizo ndi mchenga ndi 5 cm ya mchenga wa mtsinje), amasungidwa pansi pa filimuyi, amaipidwa kawiri pa tsiku;
- Pambuyo pa masiku 30 iwo ayamba kuwuluka, kuyambira August amatsegula usiku;
- chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, iwo amaphimbidwa ndi pillow of masamba, pamapeto - iwo amaikidwa.
Kuonjezera chizindikiro ichi, njira yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito (mwezi umodzi musanabzala, cuttings amaikidwa pa ayezi ndi kumapeto kwake ndi kutsekedwa - kukula kwa masamba kumatha.Zomwe zili m'munsi zimakhala zotentha Patatha masiku 30 mizu imawoneka, kenako timaduli timabzala pang'onopang'ono).
Akugawa magawano
Kugawidwa kwa tchire sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakhomo monga njira yoberezera ya actinidia, koma ngati pali chitsamba chamtengo pa malo (chimakula pa dothi losauka, chimavutika ndi chisanu, popanda chithandizo, etc.). Zitsamba zigawidwa pambuyo pa tsamba kusagwa chisanu kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kusanayambe kayendedwe ka timadziti. Gawo lirilonse la chitsamba chosagawanika liyenera kunyamula zimayambira ndi mizu panthawi yomweyo.
Mapepala obereketsa
Njira yobweretsera ndi kugawa ndi yosavuta komanso yothandiza. Pansi pa liana iwo amakumba grooves (7-10 masentimita), nthaka mu grooves ndi mulched ndi humus, peat, utuchi.
Kusamalira aciniinidia panthawi yobereketsa ndi matepi a kasupe amaphatikizapo kuika mphukira zazing'ono zazing'ono, kuzikonza, kugona pansi ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. Nsonga za mphukira zimakhala pamwamba pa nthaka. Zigawo zimagawanika chaka chotsatira.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Actinidia kwa mbewu zimakula zovuta. Choncho, kuti mwamsanga mufulumire njirayi, gwiritsani ntchito njira yokonza:
- Mbeu zouma ndi zouma ziyenera kuikidwa mu caprone ndipo zimanyowetsedwa m'madzi masiku 4, kenako ziikidwa m'mchenga (mu bokosi);
- bokosi kuti likhale lotentha kwa miyezi iwiri, mchenga kuthirira. Kamodzi pa sabata kwa mphindi zisanu kuchokera mchenga kuti mutenge mbewu;
- Pambuyo pake, bokosi la mbeu liyenera kukulunga mu nsalu ndikukhala lozizira mumsewu kwa miyezi iwiri;
- Pa siteji yotsatira, mbeuyi imayikidwa pamalo ozizira (osapitirira 12 ° C), kuthirira madzi ndi kuthira kamodzi pa sabata. Pambuyo pa masiku 20-25, kupunthwa kwawo kumayamba;
- Amatsalira kubzala mbande m'mitsuko ya mbeu (nthaka yokhala ndi perlite 1x1), komanso pakubwera tsamba lachitatu labwino lomwe limapangidwira pansi.
