Gerbera ndi imodzi mwa zomera zomwe ziri zoyenera kulandira chikondi cha wamaluwa ndi florists. Maluwa akuluakulu, owoneka ngati daisy, omwe amakhala pamtunda wautali, wopanda masamba angakhale okongoletsera nyumba yanu. Zoonadi, izi zikhoza kuchitika pokhapokha ngati chisamaliro choyenera cha gerbera chili, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.
Ngati chomera chikukula m'nyumba ndikumwa madzi nthawi zonse, izi sizikutanthauza kuti sizikusowa kanthu. Choncho, m'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana momwe mungamere gerbera mumphika kuti zidzakondweretseni ndi maluwa ake kwa nthawi yaitali.
Malangizo othandiza osamalira gerbera kunyumba
Mofanana ndi zomera zambiri zapanyumba, gerberas amafunika kulemekeza nyengo yoyenera kutentha, kuyatsa, kayendedwe ka madzi okwanira ndi feteleza.
Kutentha ndi kuyatsa
"Transylvanian chamomile", kutanthauza kuti, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa gerbera, sizomwe zimakhala ndi zomera zowononga kwambiri, choncho ngakhale m'nyengo ya chilimwe kutentha kwa +20 - + 22 ° C kudzakhala kotheka kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, zizindikiro za kutentha sayenera kupitirira + 16 ° C (izi ndizofunikira pamene mukusamalira gerbera pambuyo maluwa). Pang'ono pokha kusagwirizana ndi zofunikirazi, chomeracho chikhoza kuimitsa kukula kwake kapena maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kusintha kuchokera ku nyengo ya chilimwe (maluwa) mpaka nyengo yozizira (mpumulo) iyenera kuchitika bwino. Dontho lakuda kutentha limakhudza kwambiri gerbera.
Chomeracho chimakonda mpweya wabwino ndi woyera, choncho m'chilimwe amatha kutulutsidwa kumalo osungiramo nyumba kapena pakhomo la nyumba yaumwini. Yesetsani kupewa zojambula.
Kuwala, Poyang'anira zochitika zapakhomo, gerberas amakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, kotero kulima kwawo pawindo lawindo ndilobwino kwambiri. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, zomera mumiphika zimayikidwa kumadzulo kapena kummawa, kumene dzuwa salowa pa iwo tsiku limodzi. M'nyengo yozizira, kusowa kwa kuwala kumaperekedwa kwa magerberas ndi nyali za fulorosenti, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyali kungayambitse kuphulika kwa duwa, ndiyeno muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake gerbera sichiphulika.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale kuti gerbera imatchedwa Transylvanian chamomile, tinabwera kuchokera ku South Africa.
Kuthirira ndi kuthirira nthaka
Kuthirira gerberas kumakhala koyenera, koma nthaka sayenera kuloledwa kuti iume. Monga momwe zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito madzi ndi bwino kusankha madzi osungunuka osungunuka a kutentha kwapakati (osati owiritsa). Madzi ozizira amakhudza zomera, kotero kuthirira koteroko kuyenera kupeŵedwa.
Madzi a gerbera pamphepete mwa mphika ndi mosamala kwambiri, pewani ingress ya madzi kwa rosette. Komabe, pali njira ina pamene madzi akutsanuliridwa mu poto, koma pokhapokha pokhapokha muyenera kuyamwa pambuyo pa theka la ora. Kutentha kwambiri komanso madzi omwe ali ndi phokoso la poto kungapangitse maonekedwe a bowa ndi mapangidwe a powdery mildew. Ngati izi zikuchitika, simungathe kufunsa chifukwa chake masamba a gerbera akutembenukira chikasu.
Kodi nthawi zambiri madzi amawombera? Kuthirira kumachitika moyenera chaka chonse. Kuti mudziwe nthawi imene duwa limasowa madzi, mukhoza kungoyang'ana pansi (nthaka ikhale yonyowa pang'ono). Kuphatikiza apo, masamba osapera mbewu sali oyenera kwambiri. Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikuyesera kugwa pa maluwa, iwo sakonda izo.Pofuna kudyetsa pakhomo, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizichitika 2-3 nthawi pamwezi, kuwonjezera mchere feteleza kunthaka. Zoona, kaŵirikaŵiri chiwembu choterechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa achinyamata kapena posachedwa zomera. Gerberas akulu amamva bwino komanso akamagwiritsidwa ntchito feteleza 1-2 pa chaka (zakudya zimathandiza kuti mbewuyo iphuke mofulumira ndi kuteteza matenda).
Kujambula ndi kupanga nthaka kwa chipinda chamagera
Alimi ambiri amafesa zomera zapakhomo pokhapokha atakhala mphika, koma izi sizolondola. Koma mungatani kuti mupeze pamene mukufunikira kukopera gerbera? Chitani nthawi zonse, kamodzi pachaka, m'chaka. Pofuna kuti pakhale ndondomekoyi, ndibwino kuti musankhe chophika chatsopano ndikukonzekera dothi. Kukula kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya munthu wamkulu wamkulu ndi 1.5 malita, sikoyenera kutenga mphika waukulu. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, ngati mbewuyo ili ndi thanzi labwino ndipo kukula kwake sikungasokonezedwe, mungathe kungosintha nthawi yowonjezera nthaka.
Kwa katemile ya Transylvanian, mphika wa ceramic ndi mabowo amatha kukhala njira yabwino, chifukwa ikhoza kusunga chipinda chakumunda kutentha kwambiri pa masiku otentha a chilimwe. Komabe, gerbera yanu idzayamika mobwerezabwereza ngati mutasankha gawo lopanda mpweya, lopepuka kwambiri pa mphika wanu.
Nthaka ikhoza kugulidwa mu mawonekedwe omalizidwa, kapena dzipange nokha. M'makampani akuluakulu ogulitsidwa masiku ano ogulitsa zomera zamkati, koma chiwerengero chochulukira cha wamaluwa amakonda kuphika okha.
Pali njira zingapo zokonzekera dothi la gerbera:
- kuchuluka kwa peat ndi mchenga wosakanikirana ndi magawo awiri a nthaka;
- tenga peat yoyera;
- Sakanizani high-moor peat ndi makungwa a coke ojambulidwa mu kuphatikiza 2: 1;
- onjezerani peat bwino mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1.
Ndikofunikira! Musawonjezere feteleza organic kunthaka, Transylvanian rose samawakonda.
Ngati zomera zangotengedwa kumene mu sitolo, kuika gerberas kunyumba sikuyenera kukudandaulirani mpaka pano. Maluwawo ayenera kupatsidwa nthawi yokhalamo kwa nyumba kwa milungu ingapo, ndipo pambuyo pake akhoza kuikidwa mu mphika watsopano (wokhala ndi mphamvu zakale, chomeracho chichotsedwe pamodzi ndi clod ya dziko lapansi akale pa mizu).Mukudziwa? Anthu okonda zipangizo zapakhomo samvetsa chifukwa chake ayenera kuikidwa pamapeto pa kugula, ngati kuti mphika uli woyenera ndipo dziko lapansi ndilobwino. Zoona zake n'zakuti, chifukwa cha mitundu yokolola, zomera zomwe zimagulitsidwa zimangophatikizapo kukula kokonda kukula komwe kumawathandiza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino pamene akukhala pawindo la masitolo. Komabe, malo oterewa ndi osayenera kukulitsa kulima, choncho ayenera kuwongolera.
Gerbera kubereka kunyumba
Kusamalira gerubera mutatha maluwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala limodzi ndi kubereka kwa mbeu. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa njira imodzi: pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu, kugawaniza abambo kapena abambo. M'madera awiri omalizira, mukufunika kuti mulingalire mozama komanso molondola, chifukwa pali mwayi waukulu wowononga chomera kapena kuwononga mizu.
Mbewu
Mbeu za Gerbera zimabzalidwa masika (kuyambira pa March mpaka May), kuziyika mu chidebe ndi nthaka, nthaka yobiriwira, yomwe mchenga umawonjezeredwa. Pamwamba pa theka la centimeter mbewu zokonzedwa ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo zitatha mawonekedwe 3-4 masamba, mphukira zazing'ono zimaima miphika yosiyana. Kuyambira nthawi yofesa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, gerbera imatenga pafupi miyezi 10, choncho, njira yobzalera mbewuyi siisankhidwa kawirikawiri.
Kugawa chitsamba
Ngati mwasankha kufalitsa gerbera yanu pogawanitsa chitsamba, ndiye chifukwa cha izi, ndi bwino kusankha zomera zitatu kapena zinayi, ndikusiya ziwiri kapena zitatu pazokha. Maluwa amapezeka panthawi imodzimodziyo.
Zotsatira za magawano ndi izi: dothi lalitali lichotsedweratu, ndikuwonetsa mbali ya rhizome, kenako chimakhala chosakanizika, chomwe chimagawanika kukhala magawo awiri. Ikani odulidwa ayenera kuwazaza ndi makala osweka ndi nthaka youma. Pambuyo pa gerbera muli mizu yatsopano (kawirikawiri imachitika pambuyo pa masabata 3-4), imachotsedwa mosamala kuchokera mumphika ndipo imagawidwa m'magawo awiri, imakhala muzitsulo zosiyanasiyana.
Nthaŵi zambiri, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yamtengo wapatali, kuyambira pamene kufesa kunagula mbewu nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuti mtundu umene uli pa chithunzichi ndi wosiyana kwambiri, ndipo zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuyembekezera.
Cuttings
Njira ina yofalitsa gerbera ndiyo kudula. Pachiyambi palokha, palibe chovuta, ndipo zonse zomwe mukufunikira ndi kuchotsa gawo la tsinde ndi tsamba ndikuliika mu bokosi lapadera ndi nthaka yoyamba kutentha (kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pansi + 20 ° C).
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njirayi ndi yovuta kuposa zonse zomwe zapitazo pokhala m'nyumba. Komabe, ngati mukuganiza kuti ndizo zomwe zikukugwirani kwambiri, ndiye fufuzani mbeu osati wamkulu kuposa zaka zitatu ndipo mutengepo mbali ya tsinde ndi tsamba. Akanikeni mu nthaka yonyowa ndipo muphimbe bokosilo ndi mafuta, mutenge sabata. Panthawiyi, mphukira zatsopano ziyenera kuonekera, zomwe zidzafesa mbewu zatsopano.
Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito njira zilizonse zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwamba pa nthawi ya chilimwe chifukwa ndi nthawi ino yomwe gerberas imakula bwinobwino ndikukula bwino.
Ndi tizirombo ndi matenda ati omwe tiyenera kusamala
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi tizirombo ta maluwa omwe akukula panja. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muwona kuti masamba a chomera ayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa, muyenera kuwunika Kukhalapo kwa kangaudeChotsatira cha kukhalapo komwe sikukukwanira chinyezi mu nthaka ndi mpweya. Pachifukwa ichi, kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse (koma osati maluwa) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera akhoza kuthandiza, zomwe ziri bwino kuti musamachite m'nyumba.
Dontho lakuda, kutentha kwambiri kwa gerbera ndi feteleza wothira nayitrogeni, kuthirira madzi ozizira kungayambitse maonekedwe a matenda oopsa a fungus - powdery mildew. N'zotheka kupeŵa chodabwitsa chomwecho ngati mutatsatira malamulo a chisamaliro, komanso chitetezeni chomeracho kuti musagwirizane ndi maluwa, omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi matendawa.
Kupanda chinyezi kungayambitse whiteflies ndi nsabwe za m'masambandipo ngati pali zambiri, ndiye konzekerani kukamenyana ndi nkhungu zakuda kapena zoyera. Zimakhala zosavuta kuchotsa masamba omwe athandizidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndiye kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kutsanulira zimayambira ndi mkuwa sulphate.
Kodi gerberas idzakondwera bwanji ndi maluwa awo pokhapokha ngati mukutsatira ndondomeko zonsezi? Maluwawa sali abwino kwa inu ngati mukufuna kupeza maluwa okongola mmiyezi ingapo chabe, chifukwa sichimalola mwamsanga komanso amakonda nthawi zonse.
