Fittonia ndi udzu wobzala kuchokera ku banja la Acanthus, wobadwira ku South America, pali mitundu inayi. Atatu aiwo ali ndi zokwawa, zokwawa, ndipo wachinayi ndi wowongoka. Dzinali limachokera ku dzina la mayi wa Chingerezi Fitton, yemwe adatulutsa buku loyambirira la biology.
Duwa limamera m'malo otentha, nkhalango zamvula za Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, komwe kumakhala kotentha komanso kotentha. Malo ogulitsa maluwa amapereka ma hybrids omwe amapezeka ndikusankhidwa, kusinthidwa mikhalidwe chipinda, mtengo umasiyana kuchokera ku ruble 100 mpaka 500.
Kufotokozera
Fittonia ndi duwa lozungulira komanso lalitali, lotalika masentimita 10. Masamba ake ndi obiriwira, azitona wokhala ndi ofiira, ofiira, achikaso, amtali, amtambo wamtambo wokhala ndi siliva wokhala ndi timiyala tating'ono, wolumikizidwa ndi petiole yaying'ono wokhala ndi tsinde. Mitundu yawo yachilendo yopanga zokongoletsera ndi Fittonia.
Maluwa amatulutsa spikelets kamodzi muchilimwe. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu samakopa chidwi, amalangizidwa kusiya. Zomera zake ndizopanda pake, zimatha kumera m'maluwa, m'matumbo agalasi. Zithunzi za duwa limawoneka bwino kwambiri, zili ndi chikhalidwe chopambana komanso chosabisa.
Mitundu ya fittonia yolimidwa m'nyumba
Verhaffelton Fittonia kapena oyera-oyera - pafupifupi 25 cm kutalika ndi nthambi zomera, mphukira zokwawa, ndi masamba akulu.
Pali mitundu:
- Choyimbidwa ndi siliva - chokhala ndi ma siliva owala, mawonekedwe osalala, osalala a pepalalo, mpaka 20 cm kutalika, 10 cm.
- Wofiyira - wokhala ndi mitsitsi ya maluwa ofiira, ofiira, ofiirira.
- Josan - wavy, masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mauna a coral ndi kusintha kwakuda m'mphepete.
- Perseus - tsamba loyera la azitona komanso kaphamphu wamitundu ina.
- Anna Woyera - wokhala ndi khungu loyera, mthunzi wakuda wokhala ndi mzere wokongola.
- Skeleton - masamba ang'ono a maolivi a matte velvety, mauna owuma a burgundy.
- King Cross Moses ndi mtundu wina, wofanana ndi thovu la kunyanja kapena ulusi, kukongoletsa ndiwobiliwira, kumapangira pafupifupi pepala lonse loyera.
- Pink Wayne - mthunzi wambiri wa emaridi wokhala ndi mitsempha yoyera ndi yapinki.
- Fortissimo - masamba ang'onoang'ono owotcha okhala ndi maukonde owala a fuchsia.
- Fittonia Kusakaniza - mitundu ingapo ikulira limodzi, kapangidwe kake kokongoletsa kokhala ndi mitsempha yambiri yowala, masamba osiyanasiyana.
- Minima, wamtali - mtundu wopangidwira dimba la botolo, maluwa, uli ndi masamba ochepa pang'ono mpaka masentimita 2. Palinso mitundu ya Tiger, Red Angel.
- Zachikulu, zazikulu - kusiyana kuli pang'onopang'ono, kutalika kwa 60 cm.Timayambira kutalika kwa 16 cm, mpaka 10 cm mulifupi, petioles ndiyifupi. Mbale yonyezimira ya pepalalali ndi utoto wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira. Kawirikawiri samakhala kunyumba.
- Hypoesthes - Duwa lofanana ndi Fittonia lochokera kubanja la Acanthus. Poyerekeza, sikovuta kuzindikira kusiyana: masamba ake ndi akulu, ofewa kukhudza, malo owala pankhope yake yonse, tsinde ndi lokhazikika.
Fittonia amasamalira kunyumba
Fittonia amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.
Ndikofunikira kuthilira madziwo poto nthawi zonse, onetsetsani kuti samakokometsedwa ndikuyika madzi.
Zosamalidwa zimadalira nyengo:
| Parameti | Chilimwe cha masika | Kugwa nthawi yachisanu |
| Malo, kuyatsa. | Chowala, chokulirapo, chotetezedwa ndi dzuwa, kummawa kapena kumadzulo, kutali ndi mpweya. | Kuwala kwowonjezera kwa maola 2-3 patsiku. Osayikanso pafupi ndi mabatire, ndibwino kusankha mawindo akumwera. |
| Kutentha | + 24 ... +27 ° C, osayang'ana pamsewu. | Osatsika kuposa +18 ° C, pewani madontho akuthwa ndi madontho. |
| Chinyezi | 80-90%, sakanizani kawiri pa tsiku ndi madzi osalala, ikani chidebe ndi dongo lokwera, miyala, kapena zida zapadera zothira madzi pafupi. | |
| Kuthirira | 3-4 pa sabata, atangoyala dothi. | Madzi 2 pa sabata, tsiku mutayimitsa dothi. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala - kamodzi m'masiku 14 kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere, ndi pepala - madzi. | Feteleza kumafunika kamodzi pamwezi ndi mchere. |
Zomwe zimayikidwa ndikusintha
Chifukwa chakukula msanga, mmera umafunikira kuphukira kwa kasupe. Maluwa ayenera kuzolowera chilengedwe chatsopanocho kwa masiku awiri, ndiye kuti chikuyenera kuwaika.
Pobzala, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chakuya kwambiri chopanda mabowo komanso dothi lowala. Akatswiri amalangizidwa kugula zosakaniza zopangidwa kale za violets kapena geraniums.
Mutha kupanga gawo lapansi. Kuphatikizika - magawo awiri a coniferous kapena sod land, peat imodzi, sphagnum ndi mchenga wowuma.
Zoyeserera ndi Gawo:
- Ikani dambo pamadzi pa 2/3: dongo lokulitsa, zidutswa za njerwa, mwala wosweka, zidutswa za chithovu.
- Pamwamba ndi chisakanizo chapadera chokongoletsera ndi mbewu zokongoletsa.
- Chotsani mbewuyo, gwiranani osakhudza mizu.
- Sinthani ku chidebe choyera. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la manganese, mandimu a viniga, kapena chlorhexidine.
- Kwezani gawo lomwe latsala.
- Thirani, ikani malo otentha owala, mutatha kukhetsa madzi poto.
Mphukira zazitali kwambiri mchaka zimayenera kudulidwa kapena kumangirizidwa 2/3, kuti achichepere akule. Zomera ziyenera kukhala zachikulire, zopitilira zaka zitatu.
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Kuswana
Kudula - ndi ma shiti atatu kapena asanu, dulani phesi ndi chida chakuthwa, siyani chinsalu mu kapu yamadzi kapena aquagrunt mpaka mizu ipangidwe. Kenako ikani mini-wowonjezera kutentha, kutentha kwa + 25 ... +28 ° C, kuphimba ndi filimu yowoneka bwino, galasi, musaiwale kutsegulira masana, mutayamba kuzika mizu - phatikizani mumphika wina.
Mwanjira imeneyi, maluwa ambiri amkati amadzaza - petunia, ficus, geranium, crossander.
Gawani - gawani chitsamba muchigawo chilichonse, chomera chilichonse mumphika wina, kuyesera kuti tisawononge mizu yosalimba.
Pofalitsa matepi, mutatha kuthyoka masamba, kuwaza zitsamba zazitali ndi dothi lonyowa. Masabata angapo pambuyo pake, ndikubwera kwa mizu, amayenera kupatulidwa ndikudzalidwa mumiphika yokonzekera.
Kufalikira kwa mbewu sikotchuka, zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati pali mbewu yapamwamba kwambiri. Pakatikati, iyenera kufesedwa kale, yonyowa, yophimbidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikuyika malo otentha ndi +25 ° C. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mphukira, chotsani filimuyo, kumbira pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa masamba 3-5.
Njira zosunga fittonia
Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira Fittonia: mphika wamaluwa, florarium, aquarium.
Mphika
Kukula koyenera kukula kumakhala kotsika, mpaka 7 masentimita, kuyika ngalande ndi dothi pansi. Ndikofunikira kupanga kuyatsa, kuthirira, chinyezi. Choipa cha njirayi ndikuti muyenera kuyang'anira nthawi zonse chinyezi ndi kutentha.
Florarium
Mwa njira iyi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito dothi la aqua kapena hydrogel. M'malo maphika - botolo, aquarium, kapu. CHIKWANGWANI cha coconut ndi dongo lokulitsa - dothi, mbewuyo siyenera kulumikizana ndi makoma.
Ubwino:
- Palibenso chifukwa chowunikira chinyezi.
- Ndikokwanira kuthirira kamodzi pamwezi.
- Mutha kuyika maluwa ena posiyanako. Koma kudulira ndi kudulira ziyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi.
Aquarium
Pamafunika luso lapadera, zida kuti zinthu zizikhala bwino. Kukula pang'onopang'ono, chiopsezo cha kuvunda kwa mizu.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mosasamala, duwa limakonda tizirombo ndi matenda.
| Zowonongeka | Chifukwa | Njira kukonza |
| Zomera zimasiya kukula, kuzimiririka, mizu imafewetsedwa, maluwa amafa. | Zovunda. | Kuthana ndi kukonzekera: Kuchotsera, Trichodermin, Baikal-M, mogwirizana ndi malangizo, kumuika. |
| Pa mbewu, tizilombo zobiriwira, mapepala omata, kuzimiririka, kupunduka. | Ma nsabwe. | Utsi ndi yankho la sopo wamadzi osalumikiza pansi. Lita imodzi ya madzi otentha adzafunika 50 gr. kuchapa sopo. Pukuta, kusungunula m'madzi, ozizira. |
| Zovala zoyera pamtunda. | Mealybug. | Poyambirira, kuchitira ndi yankho la sopo woledzera. Sungunulani 20 g ya madzi otentha mu lita. sopo, ozizira, kuwonjezera 10 ml ya mowa. Pazinthu zapamwamba, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala: Actara, Phosphamide, Calypse. |
| Pa mphukira pali milingo yofiirira, masamba owuma, amagwa. | Chotchinga. | Khalani mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, gwiritsani ntchito Actellik. |
| Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timamwa madzi, magawo owuma a tsamba, mabowo amawonekera m'malo mwake. | Zopatsa. | Thirani mbewuyo panthaka yatsopano, sambani poto ndi sopo wochapira, zilowerere mu njira ya manganese. Chitani chomera ndi Actellik, Karbofos, Fitoverma. |
| Mauno akuwoneka m'masamba, madontho opepuka, ma cobwebs amawoneka kuchokera pamwamba. Masamba azipindika, youma. | Spider mite. | Patulani duwa, yeretsani ndi thireyi, sill yapa, poto. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo athandizira - Omayt. Actofit, Actellik. |
Zolakwika ku Fittonia Care
Ambuye a Fittonia nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa.
| Zowonongeka | Chifukwa | Malangizo |
| Zomera zimafota, zimawuma, masamba amagwa. |
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| Masamba opindika, mawanga. | Kupanda chinyezi. | Kuchulukitsa kuthirira. |
| Gawo lam'munsi la tsinde likuwululidwa. | Duwa layamba kukalamba. | Zomera zam'mawa. |
| Masamba owuma, abulauni kapena achikasu. | Mpweya wouma kwambiri. Feteleza ochepa. | Pukuta, ikani chinyontho. Dyetsani ndi feteleza wachilengedwe wamaluwa amkati. |
| Chomera chimatambalala, mtundu wake umasinthasintha. | Kupanda kuwala. | Sungani pamalo owunikira kwambiri, kapena gwiritsani ntchito nyali yofukizira. |
| M'mphepete mwa duwa laphwa. | Kuchulukitsa kapena kusakwanira kudya. | Sinthani pafupipafupi feteleza ntchito. |
Fittonia - mapiritsi ogona kunyumba
Mu chiphunzitso cha Chitchaina cha Feng Shui, Fittonia ndi chizindikiro cha chitsulo, amathandizira kukwaniritsa cholinga ndikuchotsa kunyalanyaza komanso kukhumudwa, amachotsa kusalingalira bwino, kumapangitsa kuti munthu azikhala wosangalala.
Zomera zimapindula: zimatsuka mpweya wa majeremusi, zimakhala ndi chinyezi, zimatha kusungidwa m'chipinda chogona kuti zitheke. Maluwa amachepetsa, amathandizira kupumula, kugona tulo tofa nato.
Malinga ndi zizindikiro Fittonia amakopa ndalama. Anthu amakhutitsidwa ndi izi chifukwa mawonekedwe a masamba ofanana ndi ndalama. Chomera chiribe madzi owopsa ndipo ndiotetezeka kunyumba.
