Nasturtium: mitundu, mitundu, kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Nasturtium (capuchin) ndi wa banja la Nasturtium, pali mitundu 90 yonse. Imakhala ndi mizu yaku South America, koma nyengo yotentha imakulanso.

Nasturtium idatchuka chifukwa cha kusasamala kwawo posamalira, kupezeka kwa katundu wochiritsa, komanso kukoma kwabwino. Ili ndi magawano amitundu yosatha komanso yapachaka.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a nasturtium

Mtengowo ndi mpesa wokhala ndi phesi lolimba, mitundu ina imayimiriridwa ndi zitsamba. Masamba a mbewu amatengedwa, maluwa ndi wamba, pali mitundu iwiri, iwiri komanso iwiri. Zophatikizira pamiyala 5, kutengera mitundu, kuchuluka kwawo kungachuluke. Mithunzi imayimiriridwa ndi chikasu ndi kufiyira, masamba amapatsidwa mphamvu yakuchiritsa.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya nasturtium

Nasturtium imakhala ndi mitundu yayikulu komanso mitundu, iliyonse ya izo ndi yapadera, ili ndi zambiri. Ganizirani otchuka aiwo.

Zakunja

Akuwombera kutalika kumatha kukula mpaka 3.5 m. Maluwa a kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali, kumayamba pakati pa chilimwe, kumatha ndi kuyambika kwa chisanu choyamba, kutalika kwake kumatengera gawo la kulima.

Ali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, tint wokongola wachikasu. Masamba a mphukira amatha kukhala osiyana 5 kapena 7. Mukadzala pakati pamtunda wamtunda, mbewu sizikhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kukhwima.

Chachikulu

Mphukira ndizosalimba, koma zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri. Amamera m'litali mwake ndi mamilimita awiri ndi awiri. Subspecies onsewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru pokongoletsa minda, gazebos.

Maluwa amayamba m'mwezi woyamba wa chilimwe (Juni), ukutha ndi nthawi yophukira. Kubzala tokha ndikwabwino pamtunduwu, njere zimatha kupitilira kumera kwa zaka 4, pansi pazosungika.

Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu ingapo, iliyonse yomwe siyofanana ndi inzake:

Chikhalidwe

Ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa. Mphukira zimakhala ndi masamba owonda, obiriwira, ofiirira. Zodziwika kwambiri poima patakhala mitundu ina. Zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa ndi kutalika:

• Chomanga - amakula mpaka 0.5 m kutalika.
• Zokwawa - Kutalika kwambiri, mpaka 4 m kutalika.
• Khwangwala - yaying'ono, 20 cm okha.

Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu:

Zochepa

Mphukira ndi zopyapyala, zophuka bwino, koma zazitali, masentimita 35. Masamba amakula ngati chishango, ozungulira pang'ono. Maluwa ndi ochepa kukula, achikaso achikuda ndi mawanga amdima pamwamba.

Maluwa amayamba mu Juni, akumaliza mu Okutobala.

Chithokomiro

Amatembenuka zitsamba zokwawa, zosalimba, koma zonenepa. Mphukira ndi zobiriwira zakuda bii, zimatha kutalika mpaka mamita 4. Masamba ndi mthunzi wobiriwira wakuda. Maluwa pawokha ali ndi utoto wokongola, wolemera. Maluwa amayamba mu Juni, kumapeto kumagwa mu Okutobala, komabe, zimatengera dera, ndikamayamba chisanu, maluwa amachepetsa.

Alimi ambiri amalima amakonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotchedwa Lusifara. Ili ndi tchire lokwera, kutalika kwake mpaka 25 cm. Zimayambira ndizobiriwira, masamba ndi akulu, komanso mtundu wobiriwira, nthawi zina amasintha kukhala ofiira.

Masamba ndi ophweka, lalanje-burgundy. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya Lusifara, mitundu monga Azure, Multi-leaved, Ciliated, Tri-color, ndi Fine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera. Komabe, mitunduyi sioyenera kulimidwa pakatikati patali m'dziko lathu.

Zambiri za kukula kwa nasturtium

Olima maluwa odziwa bwino amasiyanitsa mfundo zisanu zomwe ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino kuti zitheke zotsatira zabwino mukamakula nasturtium:

• Chomera ichi chili ndi mizu yakumwera, chifukwa, ndi thermophilic. Nthawi yofikira mwachindunji zimatengera izi. Ngati mungofulumira ndi nkhaniyi, pali chiopsezo chachikulu chotaya nthanga, popeza zimangofa ndi kuzizira.
• Pofuna kubzala nyumba zina, ndikofunikira kubzala mbande mozungulira Epulo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande zokhazokha makapu a peat, kapena zapadera zokhala ndi pansi, popeza nasturtium imakhala ndi mizu yokhazikika.
• Chomera cha Photophilous. Kutengera izi, ndikofunikira kuyika mbewuyo pamalo pomwe imayatsidwa bwino ndi dzuwa, kapena kuwala pang'ono. Zinyalanyazidwa, chifukwa chosowa kuwala kwa dzuwa, mbewuyo idzafa.
• Pankhani ya dothi, nasturtium imakonda nthaka yachonde komanso yopanda madzi. Zikatero, mbewuyo imakula bwino, koma maluwa amakula bwino. Palibe chifukwa muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano. Mwa feteleza, maofesi okhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu amalimbikitsidwa.
• Kuti nthaka ikule bwino, nthaka yonyowa ndiyofunikira. Mphukira zazing'ono zimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse, pokhapokha atakhala ndi mwayi wokula bwino. Nasturtium itangoyamba kutulutsa, kuthirira kumachitika pokhapokha ngati idayimitsa nthaka, apo ayi mtengowo sungathe kupanga maluwa ndi masamba ambiri. Pakakhala chinyezi chambiri, pamakhala ngozi yotenga matenda owola.

Njira zolerera nasturtium

Monga mbewu zina zambiri, kwa nasturtium, njira yothandiza kwambiri yofotokozera ndikufesa mbewu.

Nthawi zambiri zimafesedwa nthawi yomweyo, kumapeto kwa Meyi, zipatso zitangodutsa. Kuti muchite izi, poyamba konzekerani miyala yapadera, yomwe kuya kwake sikungakhale yopitilira 2 cm, ndi mtunda pakati pawo osachepera 25. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mbewu za zidutswa za 2-4 pamodzi, izi zimachitika kuti phata losalala lipangidwe.

Mutabzala mbewu munthaka, ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi lapansi, koma zazing'ono. Pakakhala phokoso kuzizira, malo omwe amafikapo amakutidwa ndi filimu kuti izikhala yotentha. Kuwombera kumatha kuzindikirika pakatha masiku 10. Mbande zamaluwa zimayamba mwezi umodzi pambuyo pake.

Ndikotheka kuyamba maluwa koyambirira, chifukwa nasturtium iyi iyenera kufesedwa kwa mbande mu Epulo. Pachifukwa ichi, miphika ya peat, mchenga ndi dothi la peat zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimakhala ndi mbewu 2-3. Amamizidwa munthaka ndikuya kosaposa masentimita 2. Nthawi yomweyo, muli mbande zokhala ndi mbande zimayikidwa pamalo abwino kuti zikule.

Uku kumawunikiratu mchipindacho, pomwe kutentha kwake sikuyenera kupitirira +22 ° C.

Pakalibe kuchuluka kwa kuwala mu chipindacho, mbewuyo imayamba kukula mwachangu, komabe, pamodzi ndi izi, zimayamba kupweteka.

Kuti asunge zizindikiro za mbewu zokongoletsera, alimi a maluwa amalimbikitsa kufalikira ndi odulidwa. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pochita kutentha. Maluwa akangotuluka, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yokonzedwa bwino m'miphika, kapena panthaka. Komabe, nkhani yakufalikira ndi yovuta kwambiri, popeza mizu ya mbewuyo ndi yosakhwima.

Kusamalira Kunja Kwa Nasturtium

Kuti mupange nyengo zabwino za nasturtium, muyenera kusankha malo abwino kwambiri m'mundamo. Kuphatikiza apo, dothi liyenera kuthiridwa. Ngati laimu ilipo m'nthaka, mbewuyo singabzalidwe pamenepo.

Kukhazikika panthaka kumapangidwa m'mwezi woyamba wa chilimwe.

Pofuna kuti zisawononge chidetso chosalimba cha mbewu m'njira iliyonse, kubzala m'nthaka kuyenera kuchitika miphika za peat.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde pang'ono. Chofunikira pankhaniyi ndi kusiyana pakati pa madzi apansi pamalowo, apo ayi mizu iyamba kuvunda, nthendayo ivunda. Ngati zibzalidwe ndi mbande, ndikofunikira kupitiliza mtunda wosachepera 20 cm pakati pa mbeu.

Mutabzala, ndikofunikira kuti mulch nthaka, izi zimachitika kuti udzu udzu suwonekere.

Kuthirira ndikofunikira pafupipafupi, mwadongosolo, koma kotero kuti madzi amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti agwirizane ndi dothi lapansi, kufikira magawo a pansi a mizu.

Kuti muwonetsetse maluwa olimba kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe apamwamba potengera potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Chifukwa cha iwo, mbewu zimacha mwachangu, kenako nkugwa pansi.

Ngati mbeu zodzilimbitsa sizifunikira, maluwa osiyidwa amadzadulidwa nthawi yomweyo. Pafupifupi nyengo yophukira, pafupipafupi madzi othirira amachepetsa, nthaka pansi imaphwa, nasturtium imawonongedwa kwathunthu.

Kutolera kwa Mbewu za Nasturtium

Kutola mbewu, khungubwe limodzi limatsalira; maluwa owuma omwe mbewuzo zimapangidwa samachotsedwamo. Ndiwobiliwira pamtundu, m'malo kukula kwake. Panthawi yolandira mbewuzo, zimakhala zobiriwira. Pambuyo masiku 50, iwo kukhwima, kukhala imvi.

Kuti mupeze njere, simuyenera kudikira mpaka zitagwa. Kenako, mbewu zimayikidwa m'matumba a pepala, komwe amayembekezera nyengo yotsatira yotentha chaka.

Matenda ndi tizirombo ta nasturtium

Nasturtium imakhala yodwala matenda ena, tizirombo. Komabe, padakali matenda ena omwe nasturtium imawerengedwa.

Chofala kwambiri ndi imvi zowola. Amawonetsedwa ndi mawanga a bulauni-abula masamba. Ndi matendawa, mbewu zoyambukiridwa zimawonongedwa, kuwotchedwa. Zoyandikana nazo zimapopedwa ndi yankho lapadera, ntchito yake ndikuwononga oyambitsa matendawa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nasturtium pakupanga mawonekedwe

Nasturtiums ndi chivundikiro pansi, chitsamba komanso kukwera. Izi ndizofunikira kuzilingalira, makamaka mukakonza njira inayake yowongolera malo, njira yokongoletsera. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwangwiro kupanga mthunzi wopanga mu gazebos, kupanga mipanda yobiriwira. Komanso, ndi thandizo lake, mutha kubisa zolakwika zooneka m'zipupa za nyumba, chifukwa muyenera kubzala mbewu pafupi nawo.

Mitundu ya Shrub, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mumiphika yayikulu, ndi yabwino kupezeka pafupi ndi khomo lanyumba yachilimwe.

Kukula nasturtium kunyumba

Chomerachi chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chokongoletsera cha khonde kapena windowsill. Osangoyang'anira munda. Kukula pakhomo sikusiyana ndi kukula panthaka.

Kusiyana kokhako, chipinda chomwe mbewuyo ili, ifunika kuwululidwa kawirikawiri, chifukwa imafunikira mpweya wabwino. Ndipo zina zonse ndizofanana, kuthirira, kuvala kwapamwamba molingana ndi dongosolo.

A Dachnik amalimbikitsa: kuchiritsa katundu wa nasturtium

Nasturtium imawonedwa kuti ndi mbewu yapadera. Alibe mawonekedwe okongola okha, komanso mndandanda wazinthu zofunikira.

Mu kapangidwe kazitsulo kamankhwala pali mavitamini, kufufuza zinthu. Masamba achichepere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, amawonjezeredwa supu, masangweji, saladi, zophika, marinades.

Fungo lokhazika mtima pansi la nasturtium limapangitsa kuti nyamayi igwire bwino.

Kuphatikiza pazowongolera, nasturtium ndi gawo la zodzoladzola zachilengedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi kusuntha, kupsinjika kwakasiyana pakhungu pamutu wamunthu. Komanso, zomwe zimapanga payekhapayekha zimathandizira kukulitsa tsitsi. Kuchokera pambewu mungathe kukonzekera mwapadera zomwe zimayenera kutsuka tsitsi lanu. Izi ziwapatsa kuwala ndi mphamvu.

Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi, mtengowu umakhala ndi mafuta ofunikira, omwe amathandiza pamavuto am'mimba, komanso amalimbitsa chitetezo chathupi chonse. Masamba otumbula bwino kwambiri pakuchepetsa kutupa; nasturtium ndi gawo la mafuta amafuta ambiri.

Pali mankhwala kutengera maluwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita matenda oopsa, kuthamanga kwa mtima, ndi chimfine.

Kuphatikiza pazopindulitsa anthu, duwa limapindulitsanso dimba. Chifukwa cha fungo lokhalokha, limadzipatula tizilombo tina tokha, komanso zomera zina.