Mbatata yokoma ya Ipomoea (mbatata wokoma) ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chokongoletsera. Mbatata zokoma zinayamba kubzalidwa kunyumba ndi nyumba ziwembu posachedwa.
Amadzichotsera ulemu pochoka. Amakonda mpweya wotseguka ndi kuwala. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya ulemerero wam'mawa ndimithunzi ndi masamba a masamba.
Kufotokozera kwa mbatata ya mbatata yokoma
Chikhalidwechi ndi cha banja la Vyankov. Omwe amayamikira kukoma kwawo ndi zakudya zawo. Chomera chamtundu wa herbaceous chimadziwika ndi kudabwitsika, kutalika kwake sikokwanira kupitirira masentimita 30. chitsamba chimafalikira m'mimba mwake ndi 1.5-2 m.
Maluwa ndi opepuka a lilac, oyera ndi apinki. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo a fanizo, amafanana ndi gramophone kumaliza. Dawo lawo silidutsa masentimita 5. Ma inflorescence amapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba angapo osakwatira. Dziwani kuti panthawi yolima mitundu ya zoweta m'mawa mbatata zokoma, chidwi chapadera chimaperekedwa ku gawo lotere monga masamba okongoletsera.
Zovuta ndizophatikizanso:
- fusiform tuberous mizu;
- kuwombera;
- masamba owoneka ndi mtima okongoletsedwa ndi malekezero. Kutalika kwake kumayambira 3 mpaka 14 cm;
- mbewu zazitali (mpaka 6 mm). Amapezeka m'bokosi lamatanda lamakola. Mbewu iliyonse ili m'chipinda;
- zipatso zofiirira, zachikaso, kapena zapinki.
Zovuta tubers pa ofananira nawo mizu. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba pakati pa Julayi.
Kutalika kwa mawa mbatata zotsekemera sikupita masentimita 30. Mitundu ingapo yomwe yapangidwa posachedwa sipanga inflorescence. Mu mitundu yokongoletsera, kutalika kwa masamba masamba nthawi zambiri kumafika masentimita 15. Mtundu wawo umatha kukhala wamtundu kapena wodziwika. Ma tubers aang'ono ndi ochepa kukula. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, imakula mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chivundikiro.
Zosiyanasiyana zam'mawa zokoma za mbatata
Pali mitundu ingapo ya chikhalidwe ichi. Amagawidwa, kupatsidwa malo okukula.
Potseguka, mutha kubzala Margarita osiyanasiyana. Potere, chomera chodumphira chimafikira 30 cm, kutalika kwake ndi mikono 2. Palibe maluwa, wamaluwa amayamikira izi chifukwa cha masamba okongoletsera. Ngati nyengo siyakhazikika, mbatata zam'mawa zotsekemera zimadzalidwa ngati chaka chilichonse. Kuti muchotse msanga, chomera cham'mera chimayenera kumanikizidwa nthawi yakula.
Mitundu yofiirira imasiyana ndi mitundu ina pokana matenda ndi kufalikira kwa tsinde. Kutalika kwa malembawa kumafika mamita 8. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala. Terry inflorescence amawonekera koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Amatha kukhala oyera-oyera, otuwa, otuwa komanso ofiira.
Mndandandawu ukhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi kalasi yapachaka ya Mina Lobata. Chikhalidwe chowonda chomwe chimakula chimapereka mphukira zosinthika. Tsinde limakongoletsedwa ndi masamba amdzu obiriwira, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi zitsamba zamitundu itatu.
Inflorescence yachilendo imawoneka m'machimo. Choyamba, mabulashi onunkhira amakhala ofiira owala, kenako amapeza mthunzi womwe umasiyananso ndi lalanje mpaka zonona.
Mndandanda wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukongoletsa zam'mawa otsekemera mbatata ndi wokulirapo.
| Gulu | Leaf | ||
| Mndandanda | Olembetsa | Mtundu | |
| Zokoma | Caroline | Bronze | Bronze, yang'anani pamakumbukire mapulo. |
| Pumbwa | Wofiirira-wofiirira, wokhala ndi masamba asanu. | ||
| Ligth wobiriwira | Wobiriwira wopepuka, mapulo opangidwa. | ||
| Kufiyira | -Miyala isanu, yofiyira. | ||
| Mkaka | Kwadulidwa mwamphamvu, violet. | ||
| Osankhidwa | Zapamwamba, zamkuwa. | ||
| Chikasu chobiriwira | Zosiyanasiyana, zopapatiza. Chokongoletsedwa ndi mawanga owala, ma stroko agolide ndi oyera. | ||
| Wokoma | Kufiyira | Colouring zimatengera zaka. Zomera zazikulu zimakongoletsedwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, masamba achichepere amakhala okongoletsedwa ndi wobiriwira wotuwa. | |
| Pumbwa | Zosagawanika, imvi zobiriwira. | ||
| Wobiriwira wopepuka | Zodzala komanso zonse, zobiriwira zagolide. Chokongoletsedwa ndi malire owala. | ||
| Mtima | Kuwala | Mawonekedwe okomedwa ndi mtima, kuwala kobiriwira. | |
| Pumbwa | Violet, wodziwika ndi mtima. | ||
| Kulowerera | Chingwe pakati pausiku | Ophika, odulidwa mwamphamvu, obiriwira wakuda. | |
| Zovala zodzikongoletsa | Bronze wopepuka, wogawanika, wokongoletsedwa ndi mitsitsi yofiirira. | ||
| Chingwe cha Emerald | Mtundu wobiriwira, lanceolate. | ||
| Zala zazikazi | Mtundu wobiriwira, wosazungulira, wobayidwa ndi mitsempha yofiirira. | ||
| Pinki Frost (Tricolor) | Olimba, yokongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe ounikira ndi cheza cha pinki. | ||
| Ace of spade | Chakuda, chaching'ono kukula. | ||
Ma hybrids onse amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- mchere;
- chakudya;
- masamba.
Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo mitundu yotere: Chestnut, Amish Red ndi Korea violet. Magulu otsatirawa amakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino: Amish Red, Beuregarde, Japan, California Gold. Mitundu yazodyetsedwayi imaphatikizapo Brazil and White Bouquet. Zakudya zamafuta zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amitundu.
Amalawa ngati kaloti, mavwende, nthochi ndi maungu. Nthawi zambiri amapanga vinyo ndi kupanikizana. Mbatata ya Ipomoea mbatata.
Kunyumba, mutha kukula mitundu yambiri. Kumara Red amakonda kufunda ndi kuwala. Kuti mupeze izi, gwiritsani ntchito magwero ena. Izi zimatulutsa chikasu chowirira ma tubers. Zimayambira ndizokongoletsedwa ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso ulemu.
Burgundy ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri. Ma tubers ndi ofiira, masamba masamba ndi okulirapo. Ma inflorescence amawonetsa kununkhira kosangalatsa.
Malamulo obzala m'mawa ulemu mbatata
Ipomoea Batat ndichikhalidwe chomwe sichimakakamiza zofunika zapadera pamalo okukula. Zomera zimasunthidwa pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi watha wamasika. Mabokosi amayenera kumaikidwa pazenera, zomwe zimakhala kumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa. Zambiri zimatengera kuwunikira pano. Muyeneranso kulabadira chitetezo kuti musakonzekere. Kusapezeka kwake kudzakhudza mbande.
Zofunikira zadothi
Iyenera kukhala ndi ndale acidity, mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi. Alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amakonda dothi losalala komanso losalala. Ngati acidity ichulukitsidwa, imakhazikika ndi laimu. Asanabzala, amapanga gawo lapansi, momwe mumakhala humus, mchenga ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Nthaka ya dimba pankhaniyi ilibe ntchito. Ili ndi michere yochepa kwambiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito dothi loterolo, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi ndi matenda umachulukana.
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu ndi kulima mmera
Kukonzekera kukonzekera ndikosavuta. Mbewu zikhathamiritsidwa mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. Kenako zimayikidwa pansi mpaka pakuya 1.5-2 cm.
Kuti tisunge nthawi, mbewu ikhoza kuikidwa nthawi yomweyo m'miphika ya volumetric ndi m'miphika yopachikika. Kupanga zabwino, chidebe chomwe m'mawa ulemu umabzalidwa ndikuyenera kuwonekera ndi filimu yowonekera. Kuwongolera kuyenera kuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi kupewa Amachotsedwa pakatha milungu iwiri.
Kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindacho kuyenera kukhala kosiyana ndi +18 mpaka +25 ° С.
Kudzala m'mawa mbatata zotsekemera panja
Nthawi imatengera nyengo nyengo. Nthawi zambiri ikamatera imachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Dothi limakonzedwa m'dzinja. Malo osankhidwa amayenera kukumbidwa ndikuthira manyowa ndi humus. Mukamasankha zosakaniza zodyetsa, muyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi koyambirira kwa dothi. Kuti muchite bwino, feteleza wa superphosphate ndi potaziyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chapakatikati, imakhalabe yolima lapansi ndikuidyetsa ndi ammonium nitrate.
Nthaka pamaso pa njirayi imathiriridwa ndi njira yapinki ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate. Mbande zimayikidwa mumabowo momwe akuya masentimita 15. 30-35 masentimita asiyidwa pakati pa zikumera. Mutabzala, dothi limapangidwa ndikuthiridwa ndi madzi ofunda. Mbande yokutidwa ndi zida zowonekera. Amachotsedwa pambuyo pa kuwonekera masamba atsopano.
Samalirani mbatata yam'mawa yabwino
Chikhalidwe chilichonse chimafunikira magwiridwe antchito azolimo. Chofunikira chachikulu ndikutsata boma la mafuta. Ulemerero wam'mawa umawerengedwa ngati chomera cha thermophilic. Iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono, koma pafupipafupi. Chinyontho chowonjezera chimasonyezedwa ndikuwoneka ngati thovu loyera paz masamba. Mukangonyowetsa nthaka, ndikofunikira kuti mulch ndi kumasula. Kudulira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati odwala, ofooka kapena owuma mphukira. Zomera zanyengo ikatha nthawi yozizira zimayang'aniridwa mosamala. Mphukira zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa pakukonza zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodula.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kuti mbewu ipatsidwe zakudya zabwino, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa zosakanikirana za mchere ndi michere m'nthaka. Feteleza wa ponseponse ndi phulusa. Pa malita 10 amadzimadzi, chikho chimodzi chokha cha chopangira chachikulu ndichofunikira. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zovuta muyenera kutsatira malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa. Akatswiri salimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanikirana ndi nayitrogeni panthawi ya maluwa.
Zambiri ulemu m'mawa ulemu wokoma mbatata
Mukugwa, chikhalidwe chimayenera kusungidwa chipinda chotentha. Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kukhala kosachepera +25 ⁰⁰. Kuwala kowonjezera kukukhala kofunikira. Asanadye nthawi yozizira, pezani kudulira. Kusiya chomera povomerezeka ndizoletsedwa.
Kufalikira kwa ulemu wam'mawa mbatata
Ipomoea Batat imatha kupezeka ndi:
- mbewu. Njira imeneyi imangopezeka kwa olima odziwa ntchito. Mlingo wamera suwoneka kuti ukhale wapamwamba, ndichifukwa chake umawerengedwa kuti ndi wovuta kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi obereketsa;
- tubers. Kubzala kumachitika mizu itatenga mbande;
- kudula. Payenera kukhala osachepera awiri omwe ali pa mphukira. Pambuyo polekanitsa, njirayi imayikidwa m'madzi. Pambuyo masiku 5-7, mizu idzawonekera. Pa gawo lotsatira, mutha kupitilira ndi kutengera kwaulere m'mawa.
A Dachnik adalimbikitsa: zopindulitsa zomwe zimapangidwira mbatata ya zipatso zam'mawa ndi ntchito
Chomera chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Mavitamini, mapuloteni, chakudya, michere ndi micro yayikulu - mndandanda ndiwowonjezera. Wowuma womwe umapezeka pakukonzekera nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Itha kuthandizira pamaso pa zovuta m'matumbo am'mimba komanso chitetezo cha m'thupi. Mitundu ya mbatata za Ipomoea zotchuka kuphika ndi ziweto.
Tubers ndi mbali zina zodalirika siziyenera kudyedwa ndi amayi apakati ndi amayi oyamwitsa. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba. Mbatata yotsekemera ya Ipomoea ingabzalidwe pafupi ndi petunia, mbewu zodzikongoletsera, europhobia, purslane, lobularia. Kudzera mchomera kukongoletsa njira za m'munda, gazebos. Kusamalira ulemerero wam'mawa sizitenga nthawi yambiri.
