Horseradish ndi masamba onunkhira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe. Ulimi waulimi womwe udalimidwa ndi wophweka, ndikofunikira kuti musalole mbewuyo kukhala yolusa, ma horseradish amatha kudzaza chiwembu chonse, chimakhumudwitsa mbewu zambiri zam'munda, sichimvera nthaka, komanso kuwala. Pobzala chikhalidwe, sankhani ngodya zopanda kanthu za mundawo.
Wokani masamba ndi mizu ya chomera chokometsera kuti mbeu yabwino ikhale ndi michere yambiri, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo angapo polimitsa mbewu. Pa dacha, chitsamba chimawoneka chokongoletsa kwambiri: malo obiriwira amdima, kuyimitsidwa kwamasamba ambiri kumaphimba bwino ngati mpanda, kompositi kompositi.
Chidule cha Horseradish
Horseradish ndi amtundu wazitsamba zosatha, ndi chomera cha banja lopachikika lomwe ndi lalitali, lalitali, lalitali, mpaka 2 m kutalika, rosette wosakhazikika. Masamba amakula mpaka 0,7 metres, peduncles - mpaka 1.5 metres. Limamasula mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo m'mwezi wa Meyi-Juni, limapanga ma pod mpaka 5 mm kutalika pang'ono ndi nthangala zazing'onozing'ono zitatu.
Zomera zimafalitsa:
- njira ya mbewu;
- impical impical;
- kugwiritsa ntchito kudula.
Mizu imakhala ndi allylisothiocyanate owawa, ili ndi katundu wa antiseptic. Mtengowo umakhala wamtengo wapatali chifukwa:
- mavitamini C, PP ndi gulu B, carotene;
- kutsatira zinthu P, Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Mg, S;
- ma organic resins;
- mafuta ofunikira;
- ma alkaloids.
Chikhalidwe chimayenda bwino m'malo otentha, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotentha, komanso chokomera chilala. Mitundu yamakhalidwe oyambirira:
- Suzdal yakucha mochedwa, yodziwika ndi lakuthwa, mbola;
- Valkovsky yakucha, imapanga muzu wakuda, mpaka masentimita atatu pakadutsa;
- Chilatvia kapena wamba, chakumapeto, chakumapeto pakati pa kumapeto kwa June kapena kukagawidwa kumadera akumadzulo ndi pakati pa Russia;
- Rostov pakati pa nyengo, yodziwika ndi masamba otambalala okhala ndi mafuta ambiri ofunika;
- Atlant yakukula kwapakatikati, yokhala ndi zamkaka wowuma wa mpweya wowoneka ngati kirimu, imadziwika ndi kufalikira pang'ono panthawi yakukula, yabwino kusunga;
- Tolpukhovsky, nthangala zimacha pakatha masiku 200-250, zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale zamakanika, mizu yake ndi yaying'ono, mnofu wa ma rhizomes ndi yoyera, yapakatikati.
Horseradish imatha kukhalabe malo amodzi kwa zaka zambiri, koma monga mbewu ya m'munda ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikumbule chaka chilichonse kapena zaka ziwiri mutabzala, mpaka ma rhizomes atakula. Kulimbana ndi mahatchi ngati udzu ndikovuta kwambiri.
Zambiri za kulima kwa horseradish
Kuchulukana, kutanuka ndi kukoma kwa mizu zimadalira momwe zinthu zikukula komanso nthawi yokolola. Monga chikhalidwe cha masamba, ma rosette obzalidwa mumiphika, nthawi yozizira kunyumba, horseradish imamera pawindo. A decoction wamasamba amathandizira ndi angina, SARS, umagwiritsidwa ntchito pophimba nembanemba. Ichi ndi chabwino antiseptic zochizira mabala amnyumba, amayaka.
Horseradish imamera m'nthaka iliyonse, sikufuna kuwala kwakukulu. Imakula bwino m'malo olimba. Nthawi zambiri umabzalidwa ngati mbeu yapachaka popewa kutsekedwa pamalowo.
Nthawi yayitali
Chikhalidwe chosanyalanyaza chimapulumuka mulimonse, sichiopa chisanu panthaka. Kubzala horseradish kumachitika nthawi yonse ya masika-chilimwe, kumapeto, kutengera nthawi yomwe mufuna mbewu kapena masamba. Mu teknoloji yaulimi palibe zoletsa kubzala:
- Pomalizira, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa kapena mbewu zikafesedwa m'nthaka nthaka ikafunda mpaka masentimita 10, mbewuyo imamera pa kutentha kwa +5 ° C;
- paulimi wamakanika, theka lachiwiri la Epulo limadziwika kuti ndiyo nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala ku Central Russia; nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mizu singakhale mizu;
- horseradish imabzalidwa ndikuwazika m'chilimwe popanda chilala chadzaoneni, chinyezi cha mpweya sichotsika kuposa 70%, pakakhala dzuwa dzuwa loyamba masiku 5-7, kubzala kumafunikira kuthilira, kuthirira kwambiri;
- m'dzinja, nthawi yomaliza kubzala ndi milungu iwiri isanayambike ntchito yam'mawa (pakati pa Okutobala kapena koyambirira kwa Novembala), ngati nthawi yophukira ili youma, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka isungunuke bwino, kudula kumayikiridwa ndikuzama kulowa munthaka mpaka masentimita 3-4 kuposa nthawi yophukira.
Njira zopangira
Horseradish imadzalidwa malo otetezedwa; chifukwa mizu yotentha mizu yake imadzalidwa, mbande zimabzalidwa m'malo obisalamo pomwe mitengo yoyamba kuuma imawonekera (kuyambira pakati pa Marichi). Kubzala mozama ndi masentimita atatu, mulch, kuponyera matalala pa 15-20 cm kutalika. Wobiriwira watsekedwa mwamphamvu, wasiyidwa mwezi umodzi. Matalala adzasungunuka, ndikupukuta pansi pang'onopang'ono.
Kutentha kumachitika, mizu imabzalidwa payokha:
- Pa wokwera kwambiri (pafupifupi 30 cm). Njira yodzala iyi ndi yoyenera madera omwe madzi ake amatuluka kwambiri, kakhomo kamakhala ngati ngalande. Mizu yake imalemera msanga, ndipo amakumba mosavuta kasupe.
- Mu "malaya" amitundu kapena polyethylene wolimbitsa, filimu yopyapyala ya ma rhizomes imasweka kudzera. Kwa zaka zopitilira 3, chikhalidwe sichinapangidwepo ngati "nsalu yotchinga", ma rhizomes amatumphukira mpaka ma 2,5-3 mamitala, chomera chimayenda chamtchire, chimasanduka zovuta kuwononga udzu.
- Mu chidebe chachikulu, chimakumbidwa pamlingo wa 5 cm kuchokera m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete. Pamayenera kukhala mabowo pansi kuti madzi asamayende.
Mukugwa, ziwiya zimachotsedwa, ndizosavuta kupeza kwa iwo. Zodulidwa zatsopano kapena masamba apamwamba zimamizidwa pansi. Ndi kulima zochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lachonde, ndizotheka kupeza zokolola zambiri za akavalo okhala ndi zamkati zofunikira. Agrotechnology ya kulima kwa horseradish m'malo ochepa sikusiyana ndi chisamaliro wamba.
Kulima mbewu
Mitundu yatsopano yobereketsa ya horseradish imangopezeka ndi mitundu yosiyanitsa ndi zipatso zakupsa. Mizu yake imamera chifukwa cha mbewu yomwe idagulidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pomwe nthaka imayamba kutentha mpaka 5 5 C kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, "nyengo yachisanu isanayambe", masiku 12-14 pamaso pa chisanu chokhazikika. Mbewuyi imabzalidwa m'nthaka ndikuzama masentimita 2,5 mpaka 300. Mtunda wamasentimita 90 umasiyidwa pakati pa mizere, njere zimayikidwa motsatira mzere ndi masentimita 7-10. Mbewuyo sikuopa chisanu. Mphukira zimawonekera pa masiku ofunda masiku 4-7 mutabzala.
Kubzala ndi odulidwa
Horseradish imakonda kufalitsa ndi zodula, nthangala zake zimasungidwa bwino m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, mufiriji, chinthu chachikulu ndikumunyowetsa gawo lapansi munthawi, komwe amadula. Sayenera kuuma kwambiri. Nthawi zina masamba omwe amakhala ndi mizu amadzuka nthawi yosungirako, pomwe amawunikira. Amapereka kumera kwabwino. Atapukutira, "achititsidwa khungu" - impso zowonjezera zimachotsedwa ndi minofu yowuma, zimawonekera mumizu yonse. Masamba amatumphukira pansi ndi pamwambapa: chifukwa cha masamba obzala ndi mizu yaying'ono.
Horseradish imasinthira mosavuta ndikusintha. Zodulidwa zimayikidwa mtunda wa 40 cm, mchaka choyamba rosette yayikulu masamba imakula. Chaka chotsatira, mbewuyo imamera mwachangu, m'dzinja ma rhizomes ali okonzeka kukumba, kufikira teknoloji yosasitsa.
Momwe ntchito zodulira:
- woonda wotsatira mizu;
- Malo osagwirizana
Kutalika komwe kumadulidwa kuli 20 cm, koma zidutswa zilizonse za nthambizo zimatha kuzika mizu. Nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa mukakolola. Ndikofunika kusunga zodula kunyumba mukamagula nthawi yozizira. Panyumba pakhala mphika waulere, ndibwino kuyika ma horseradish; zitsamba zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu sopo ndi saladi. Chapakatikati, phesi lokwezedwa limakwanira "khungu", kenako kubzala.
Chisamaliro cha Horseradish
Makhalidwe abwino ndi zokolola zimadalira kapangidwe ndi nthaka m'nthaka. M'mizinda, malo osungirako zinyalala amasankhidwa chifukwa cha chomera, chimayikidwa kutali ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo yazipatso. Sichifunikira chisamaliro chapadera, koma dothi liyenera kudzazidwa ndi michere ndi michere musanabzalidwe. Mukamakulitsa mbeu pamunda wochepa, acidic, muzu umakhazikika, umakhala ndi zowawa zambiri, ulusi wopaka. Kwa sauces wachifundo, phwetekere zokometsera (horseradish), ma rhizomes ofewa okhala ndi wowuma ambiri ndi abwino.
Phulusa la nkhuni ndi laimu limawonjezeredwa ku nthaka yachilengedwe, mpaka 0,3-0,5 kg / m2 ya kusakaniza ndikofunikira. Gwero la kufufuza zinthu ndi mchere feteleza. Potaziyamu, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate ndi osakanikirana 1: 1, mpaka 30 g wa osakaniza amawonjezeredwa pa m2 iliyonse. Mu dothi louma limawonjezera ndowa ya peat ndi mchenga. Dothi locheperako limakhala ndi manyowa oola kapena atsopano, mpaka zidebe ziwiri pa m2. Zachilengedwe ndizofunikira kuti pakhale papangidwe kabwino ka masamba ndi ma rhizomes a horseradish.
Chikhalidwe sichiopa madambo, dothi lamiyala yabwino. M'minda yotsogola, samakulitsa mumsewu - masamba ndi mizu amatha kupangira zitsulo zolemera, zophatikiza zamavuto.
Kuthirira ndi feteleza
Ngakhale mbewu za horseradish zimakhala za mbewu zomwe zimalekerera chilala, muzaka youma, kukoma kwa mizu kumawonongeka: kuuma, piquancy kumachepa. Panthawi yachilala chachikulu, mbewuyo imanyowa kuti gawo lalikulu la nthambizo limere. Ndikathirira kosakwanira, zokolola zimakhala zochepa, mizu yambiri yoonda pambuyo pake imapangidwa, ulusi wopota umakula. Madzi ochulukirapo amabweretsa kuwonongeka pakatikati pa phokoso, kamakhala ndi zotsatira zosasangalatsa za udzu watsopano.
Simuyenera kuthira madzi nthawi zonse; muyenera kuthira chitsamba kamodzi pa sabata. Mizu yake imatenga chinyezi kuchokera kuzama kwakuya. Njira ya osmosis imagwiritsidwa ntchito: nthaka idakutidwa ndi kanema, ndiye chinyezi kuchokera pazigawo za nthaka zimakwera. Njira yake imathandiza kuti madzi apansi panthaka ayandikire.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumakongoletsa kapangidwe kazinthu ka ma horseradish. Zosakaniza zovuta ndizophatikizidwa munthaka iliyonse kasupe mu kuchuluka kwa ½ kosonyezedwa phukusi. Pakagwa mvula, pambuyo pa mame m'mawa, pang'onopang'ono amasungunuka. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuthirira mbewuyo ndi feteleza wokonzera masamba, otseguka kapena otsekeka.
Kuletsa ndi kumasula nthaka
Horseradish sifunikira udzu wapadera, masamba akuluakulu amabisa udzu ndikuwathandiza kuti akule. Kupalira ndikofunikira kuti mbewu zazing'ono pamtunda wolemera, pomwe kutumphuka kumapangika, kuti mpweya usazike mizu. Imathandizira kukula kwa tsamba lolemba, kusintha zipatso. Kutsegulira kumachitika mpaka pakuya kwakukulu. Kuti muwonjezere unyinji ndi chizungulire, achinyamata amawombera thukuta, koma sizofunikira.
Kututa ndi kusunga
Kuti zisungidwe, masamba amachotsedwa nthawi iliyonse; masiku amasamba amasankhidwa kuti akolole kuti ayume. Masamba amasungidwa bwino kwambiri mumchombo chamasamba akufiriji. Mizu yake imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga kuzifutsa, mawonekedwe a zamzitini. Mizu imasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ngati peel sichichotsedwa kwa iwo. Amatsukidwa mumchenga wonyowa, ndikuchotsera pakufunika.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala kumudziwitsani: choti achite ngati nkhomaliro yadzadza ndi malowo
Mtengo wabwinobwino nthawi zambiri umasanduka udzu woipa. Mukakolola, muzu umaphwanyidwa, kenako zidutswa zonse zimamera.
Njira zazikulu zodzitetezera pakufalikira kwa ma horseradish:
- sangathe kuyikidwa pafupi ndi mbewu zosatha, zitsamba, mitengo, kuchotsa mizu ndizovuta;
- Nthaka yokhala ndi mizu yaying'ono, njere singagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonjezera zokolola zina, imalemekezedwa ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito pomangira ma horseradish kapena mu kompositi;
- mphukira zazing'ono zosafunikira "zimathiridwa mchere": amazidula, yokutidwa ndi mchere wabwino, wopanda madzi, kuti sodium chloride imalowetsedwe;
- mphukira zapachaka zimafa atalandira chithandizo ndi Roundup, koma muzu umaphukiranso, kupatulira kumafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa mankhwala omwe awola;
- maluwa otyola, osalola mbewu kuti ipange.
Palibe mavuto ndi zobzala zokhazokha zokhazokha m'mipanda yayikulu, kulima mahatchi ngati chikhalidwe chazaka ziwiri.
