Tomato pa khonde: malangizo a pang'onopang'ono a momwe angakulire

Tomato ndi chomera chodzipukutira pachaka kubanja laling'ono. Ili ndi mizu yolimba, yomwe imafalitsidwa ndi njere, zodulidwa ndi mphukira zam'mbali - stepons. Zipatso ndi cylindrical kapena zozungulira. Kukula kwake kumayambira pa 50 g mpaka lalikulu 800 g.

Chomera chimakula ngakhale m'nyumba: pa khonde kapena pawindo la sill. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, zokolola zambiri zimapezeka: kuchokera kuchitsamba chimodzi 8-9 kg. Ndikofunikira kuti pang'onopang'ono mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.

Okondedwa owerenga, tikufuna kuti tipeze chidwi chakuti nthawi zina timapezeka ndi mawu akuti "kukulitsa chodabwitsa khonde". Munkhaniyi timalemba zambiri zamatenda a khonde, koma za mitundu iyi tili ndi nkhani yake, timalimbikitsa kuti tiziwerenga.

Zambiri za kukula pa khonde lotseguka ndi lotsekeka

Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi loggia yoyang'ana kumazenera kumwera chakum'mawa kapena kumwera chakumadzulo. Awa ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yopanga bwino mbande ndi kucha kucha. Mbali yakumpoto siyabwino chifukwa chosowa kuwala. Kummwera, m'malo mwake, kudzakhala dzuwa lochulukirapo ndipo mbande zimatentha.

Khonde lotseguka lamtundu wabwino ndi yankho labwino munyengo yotentha, mpaka nyengo yachisanu yoyamba. Kutentha kochepa ndi + 8 ... +10 ° С. Tomato samakonda kukonzekera, chifukwa cha zokoka za mphepo, kukula kwa chitsamba kumachepera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kubweretsa mbewu pamoto kapena kupereka chishango chophimba ngati chophimba kapena makatani otsekera. Komanso zovala zowala zopangidwa ndi plywood yopyapyala ndizoyenera. Tomato atha kutumizidwa ku chipika chamtunduwu osati koyambirira kwa Epulo-Meyi. Mukatsitsa kutentha, musaiwale kuphimba ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.

Wotseka (wonyezimira) ndi woyenera ngakhale nyengo yozizira. Komabe, loggia imafunikira kuti isungidwe kuti isunge kutentha ndi chinyezi. Zomera ziyenera kuyima kuti zitheke kutsegula mawindo kuti mpweya wabwino ufike.

Pa khonde lamtundu uliwonse, muyenera kuganizira bwino mapangidwe a miphika kuti mutha kulowa pachitseko chilichonse. Ndikwabwino kuyika machubu olemera pansi pansi pakhoma kapena pafupi ndi matalalawo. Tomato wa Ampelny mumiphika amayimitsidwa pamtunda wotsika, kuti athe kuthirira. Tchuthi zazikulu zimaphatikizidwa ndi trellises zapulasitiki, zogulidwa m'sitolo. Kapena zopanga tokha: kuchokera ku battens zamatabwa ndi zingwe.

Kusintha kumachitika ndi mpweya wabwino. Komanso onetsetsani kuti mwatsegula mawindo patatha maola awiri ndi atatu mutathirira. Pak maluwa, chinthu chofunikira ndi chinyezi cha mpweya osati kupitirira 65%.

Kusankha kwa Giredi

Kwa makonde ocheperako kapena ma sill sill, phwetekere wodontha komanso wamtali (Kid, Dubok) amafunikira. Amasiyana zipatso zaphikidwe komanso kuchuluka kwawo.

Zifukwa zingapo pakusankhira mitundu iyi:

• Pakubzala muyenera chidebe chaching'ono: 3-3,5 malita.
• Mizu yaying'ono imatenga michere m'nthaka bwino.
• Kusavuta kusamalira, monga tchire sikufunanso zingwe.
• Kucha koyambirira. Zoyambirira zimakolola pambuyo pa masiku 80-95.

Mitundu yambiri imasiya kumera mutabyala ndi zipatso. Ngati pali vuto lakulitsa tchire kukongoletsa zenera, tomato wa chitumbuwa ndi wangwiro, osaposa masentimita 40. Zipatsozo ndizochepa kulemera kwa 15-70 g. Kuchuluka pachitsamba chimodzi 1-2 makilogalamu. Oimira: Micron, Bonsai.

Nthawi zambiri sankhani mitundu yokhazikika ndi tsinde lomera, pomwe korona amapangika. Ali ndi zokolola zambiri. Chiwerengero cha zipatso pa nthambi imodzi chimafika 20.

Kuti mupeze mbewu yayikulu, sankhani mitundu yayitali ndi korona yayala. Oimira: Citizens, Garden Pearl.

Ngati pali malo ambiri ,akulani zitsamba zazikulu ndi zazikulu: Mtima wa Bull kapena White kudzaza.

Zambiri zamitundu ina:

Malangizo obzala tomato pa khonde

Musanabzale mbewu, ndikofunikira kusankha dothi labwino. Mutha kugula gawo lapansi la mbande kapena tomato. Ili ndi zinthu zofunika ndipo sizikhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya aliwonse. Kapena konzani dothi nokha kuchokera ku peat kapena utuchi, humus ndi nthaka, zigawo zonse ziyenera kutengedwa mbali imodzi.

Dothi lotere liyenera kuphera tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa pali njira zingapo:

• Mu uvuni - mphindi 10 ku 200 ° C.
• Mu uvuni wa microwave - mphindi 8-10 pamphamvu ya 850 watts. Pambuyo pa njirayi, feteleza wa mabakiteriya uyenera kuyikidwa. Mwachitsanzo: Gamair, Alirin.
• Thirani ndi yankho lotentha la manganese: 5 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.
• Njira ina - pakusamba kwamadzi imatenga maola 1.5 mpaka 2. Thumba loumbika limayikidwa pa wosanjikiza ndipo limayikidwa mu sume, yothira madzi otentha.

Kukonzekeretsa mbewu yofesa

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndibwino kugula zinthu zobzala kuchokera kumakampani osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu kuti mupeze yoyenera. Pogula, muyenera kulabadira tsiku lotha ntchito, mbewu zomwe zatha ntchito sizingamere. Ngati ili m'matumba otsekedwa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ngati matenda ndi okonzeka kufesa. Mbewu zimayang'aniridwa kuti zimere ndikuyika m'madzi. Zabwino zidzagwera pansi pa thankiyo, pomwe zina zosatheka zidzayandama.

Ngati zinthu zobzala zatengedwa kuchokera kwa abwenzi kapena pogula m'matumba osatulutsidwa, ziyenera kutetezedwa.

Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate - zilowerereni 1 g pa 100 ml ya madzi kwa mphindi 15.
• Njira yothetsera koloko - 100 ml 0,5 g kuti ipirire tsiku.
• Kukonzekera kwapadera: Fitosporin. 1 dontho lamadzi ndi 0,5 tsp ufa pa 100 ml ya madzi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu mphindi 15.

Pambuyo pake, mutha kubzala pansi kapena kumera. Mbewu zokutidwa ndi chonyowa gauze ndikuyika malo otentha. Zikamera zikamera, zimasunthidwa pansi, zimakutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena galasi. Madzi nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofunda, dothi limayenera kukhala lonyowa.

Mukhozanso zilowerere muzowonjezera zokula kwa maola 4-6. Epin-Owonjezera imathandizira kumera ndikuteteza ku matenda ndi tizirombo.

Kukula mbande

Bzalani bwino kumapeto kwa February komanso koyambirira kwa Marichi. Ngati zibzalidwe mu Okutobala, ndiye kuti zokolola zitha kukolola m'nyengo yozizira.

Mbewu zokonzedwa zimagawidwa zidutswa ziwiri m'mbale zikho kapena mbale. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki, chifukwa amafunika kudula khosi. Mu chidebe chakanthawi, malo otsegulira madzi amatha kusiyidwa, akasupe ang'onoang'ono amatenga chinyezi kwathunthu. Kuzama kwambiri kupitirira 2 cm sikulimbikitsidwa. Pamwamba ayenera owazidwa ndi lapansi ndi madzi.

Chofunikira ndi mpweya wabwino. Zinthu zophimba zimachotsedwa kwa mphindi 5-10 tsiku lililonse, ndikuwonjezera nthawi pamene zikumera zikukula.

Kupewa matenda a fungal kungachiritsidwe ndi yankho la mkaka ndi madzi: tengani 50 g pa 0,5 l.

Kusankha kumapangidwa pambuyo pa kuwonekera masamba atatu owona. Mwa mbewu ziwiri zomwe zili mumphika, sankhani zolimba, tsina zinacho. Kutuluka kwazake kwa masamba ofooka kumagwiritsa ntchito.

Kugulitsa mu thanki kuti mulime kwambiri

Ngati poyambira mbewuzo zidafesedwa mumbale zazing'onoting'ono, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa chidebe kumakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, ndikuziika mu kapu ya pulasitiki, kenako ndikuphika mumphika wokhazikika ndi voliyumu ya 3-3,5 malita.

Choyamba muyenera kunyamula miphika, matabwa amtundu wa pulasitiki ndi pulasitiki. Pansi muyenera kuthira madzi osanjikiza. Mutha kudula matayala osweka kapena dongo lokulitsa malonda. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kukokoloka kwa madzimadzi ndi kuola kwa mizu. Pakadali pano, kupezeka kwa mabowo kuti muchotse chinyezi chambiri ndikofunikira.

Ndikofunika kuthilira mphukira zikafika kutalika kwa 10-12 masentimita, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pakatha mwezi umodzi kufesa. Nthaka iyenera kupukutidwa pang'ono kuti isawononge mizu yake pakusintha. Kuti mizu ibwere bwino, mumayenda kwambiri. Nthaka siyenera kuthiridwa pamwamba, koma magawo atatu a buku la mphika. Pambuyo pake nthaka ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa.

Mukabzala m'mabokosi atali, mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala osachepera 25 cm.

Zomera zazing'ono sizabwino kuti zisokoneze sabata yoyamba mutabzala, izi zimawathandiza kuzika mizu.

Kusamalira Tomato

Mutabzala mumzimba wokhazikika, mbewu zimamangidwa ndi trellises, mitengo ndi odulira. Izi zimathandiza tchire kuti lisathe kukhazikika komanso kuti lisasweke chifukwa cha kulemera kwa chipatsocho.

Kwa mitundu yokhazikika, garter ndiyofunikira.

Mkhalidwe wofunikira ndi kuwala kokwanira. Mu nyengo yamvula, mutha kuwonjezera kuwonjezera nyali. Nthawi zambiri mumagwiritsa ntchito fluorescent, imayimitsidwa pamtunda wa 30 cm kuchokera kumtengo wamtali kwambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito maola awiri m'mawa komanso chimodzimodzi madzulo. Kutsatira bwino kwambiri kwa dzuwa ndi zidutswa zitatu: kuzizira kumodzi ndi kuwunika awiri ofunda.

Mosiyana ndi anzawo omwe amakula pamalo otseguka, phwetekere zamakhonde sizikhudzidwa ndi tizirombo. Komabe, amafunikanso kusamalidwa komanso kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.

Chimodzi mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi vuto lakachedwa. Masamba, zipatso ndi zimayambira zimakhudzidwa, pomwe pamawoneka mawanga amdima. M'pofunika kuyang'anira tchire mosamala ndipo pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa mupatula chomera chodwala. Kupewa kungakhale kuvala pamwamba komanso yankho la mkuwa, pa lita imodzi yamadzi 1 lit. Njira ina yopangira theka la lita imodzi yamadzi ndi 0,5 g ya potaziyamu permanganate ndi 0,5 tbsp. l adyo wosaphwanyika.

Zida zakuthirira

Kutsirira ndi gawo limodzi ndipo zimatengera kakang'ono kokhala mkati mwa khonde. Koma mulimonsemo, ndibwino kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito m'mawa. Ndikofunikira kuti mukhale osamala: osalola kuti dothi liume, koma musadzaze ndi madzi.

Mbewu zimamwetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofunda, nthaka ikhale yonyowa.

Mbande pafupipafupi kuthirira sikufunika, zokwanira kamodzi pa sabata. Madzi ayenera kutetezedwa, kutentha kwa chipinda. Nyengo ikatentha, nthawi yotalikirana imakhala masiku atatu. Poyamba, ndibwino kungopopera kuchokera ku mfuti yokuthira, kuti osasamba kumtunda. Mukamadzisokerera mumiphika yokhazikika, muyenera kuthirira pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala pansi pa muzu kuti mumunyowe dothi lonse.

Kudyetsa

Njira yofunikira yopezera mbewu ndi kuphatikiza feteleza ndi michere yambiri. Mwachitsanzo: Emerald, Fortress, Humate +7.

Mwa mankhwala achilengedwe, amatha kukhala phulusa, masamba a nthochi, zipolopolo za mazira ndi ma anyezi. Mutha kutsanulira dontho la nkhuku modekha pa 1: 100.

Manyowa akhale m'magawo angapo:

• Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba masabata awiri pambuyo poti zimera.
• Lachiwiri m'masiku 10.
• Lachitatu sabata limodzi musanagule mbande zikuluzikulu. Pa maluwa ndi zipatso zakupsa, feteleza umagwiritsidwanso ntchito masiku onse a 10-12.

Zovala zonse zimapangidwa ndi dothi lonyowa. Ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo olembedwa pamapakezedwe, ndipo kwa ana ang'onoang'ono, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo ndi theka.

Ndikofunika kuti musamachulukane ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe zimakhudza kapangidwe kake ka masamba ndi korona. Chifukwa chowonjezera, maluwa amayenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo mapangidwe a mazira amasiya. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumatsika ndipo moyo wa alumali umachepa.

Ma Bush mapangidwe

Pamene tomato akukula, muyenera kuyambitsa mapangidwe a chitsamba ndikuchita stepsonovka. Izi zimachitidwa kuti athe kupeza kuwala mosavuta, kukula kwathunthu kwa tomato. Chitsamba chimakhala chabwino, chimawoneka bwino. Kuchotsa kwa mphukira zamtunduwu kumachitika pamanja ndikudina, ndikusiya njira mu 0.5-1 cm.

Zida zam'munda kapena lumo sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa matenda.

Mitundu yazovala imaleka kutukuka pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa maburashi 4-5 ndi zipatso ndipo sikofunikanso kuchotsa mphukira. Koma kwa omwe amakhala mkati, ngakhale mawonekedwe a 8-9 maburashi, njirayi iyenera kubwerezedwa. Mitundu ya chitumbuwa, sing'anga singapange konse.

Kupukuta

Kwa tomato wa khonde, kupuma mokwanira kumakhala kokwanira kupukutira. Komabe, kusowa kwa ovary kumawonetsa kutentha kosayenera ndi chinyezi.

Njira ina yothandizira kuyendetsa mungu ndi kugwedeza manja akumwamba. Mutha kuyesa kusamutsa mungu kuchokera ku maluwa amtundu wina kupita kwina ndi burashi wamino kapena burashi. Kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwira, mwachitsanzo, Ovary, amathanso kudzipulumutsa.

Pa kutentha kwa mpweya pamwambapa + 33 ... 35 ° C, ndikofunikira mpweya wabwino ndi madzi usiku uliwonse, mwanjira ina thumba losunga mazira silikhala.

Kututa

Kuti zipse bwino, maluwa owonjezereka omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mabulashi azipatso amachotsedwa.

Tomato amachotsedwa pomwe akukhwima; ndikosafunika kusiya kucha pa tchire. Izi zimalepheretsa mapangidwe a mazira otsatirawa. Dulani bwino pamene zipatso zikungoyamba kutembenukira pinki. Ngati tomato akoma wowawasa, ayenera kugona pakadzuwa kwa masiku angapo.

Ndi nyengo yozizira, tomato osapsa amachotsedwa mu nthambi ndikuwotentha mpaka atakhwima kwathunthu. Ngati m'chipindacho muli malo, mbewuyo imayikidwa pawindo.

Mr. Chilimwe akudziwitsa: kuthekera kwa kubzala phwetekere m'mabotolo apulasitiki komanso kugwiritsa ntchito hydroponics

Lingaliro lakukula mizu lidawoneka ku Japan, komwe akufunafuna njira zokulitsira masamba popanda kukhala ndi minda yayikulu. Nthambi za tomato zimabzalidwa zidebe kapena mabotolo apulasitiki kuti mizu yake ikhale pamwamba. Phwetekere momwemo imamera mwanjira yake ndipo simatenga malo ambiri.

Pakubzala mudzafunika botolo la pulasitiki lokhala ndi malita 2-3, pomwe gawo lotsika limadulidwa. Izi ziyenera kuchitika m'malo omwe chidebe sichiri chopapatiza ndipo sichikukula. Pakani zibowo 2-3 mbali yomwe yadulidwayo ndi screwdriver kapena kubowola ndikuyiyika ndikubwezeretsani m'botolo, koma inver. Pangani mabowo pang'ono kuzungulira kwazungulira kuti mutambasule chingwe ndikuyimitsa kapangidwe kake mtsogolo. Kupanga zonse.

Kupyola dzenje lodulira, ikani nthambi imodzi yokulira ndi dothi laling'ono la nthaka ndikuchotsa masamba bwinobwino pakhosi. Pofuna kuti dothi lisatulutsidwe poyamba, mutha kukulunga dzenje ndi chopukutira, pepala loonda kapena kupanga kankhumba ka thonje.

Dzazani ndi dziko lapansi, kusiya mtunda wofanana ndi mbali yodulidwayo, yomwe imayikidwa kumbuyo, ndikugwirizanitsa mabowo kuti apachikidwe. Mangani chingwe ndi kupachika chiwiya ndi mbande.

Njira yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe (3-5 l). Pangani kabowo kakang'ono pansi. Kuti nthaka isatulutsidwe, tengani chidutswa cha nsalu zachilengedwe ndikudula dzenje. Kanikizani chophukacho pang'onopang'ono ndi masamba pansi ndikuthira pansi. Lekani chidebe pa mbewa yogulika pamalo ogulitsira.

Njira ya Hydroponic - imakupatsani mwayi wokulima masamba, ngakhale popanda malo. Mukungofunika kugula zida zoyenera. Mutha kugula pa intaneti kapena kudzipanga nokha. M'malo mwa malo, gawo lapansi lapadera limagwiritsidwa ntchito.Kuti tiwonjezere kucha, ndikofunikira kukonza dongosolo la kuthirira. Mabasi amafunika zingwe ndi kupukutira ndi burashi.

Zolakwika zokhazokha mukamakula tomato pa khonde

Zinthu zonse zikakumana, tchire limakula bwino, mawonekedwe a thumba losunga mazira ndipo zipatso zimacha. Ngati china chake chachitika molakwika, chomera chimayimira vuto.

Nayi zolakwika wamba:

• Ngati njere zafesedwa molawirira, mbande zimatha kufa popanda kulandira kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa.
• Ndikathirira kwambiri, kutalika kwamphamvu kwa tsinde, kuzungulira kwa mizu, ndi kuwonongeka kwa bowa ndikotheka.
• Kusowa kwa kuwala kumakhudza kukula ndi chitukuko. Tsamba limakhala loonda, masamba amasandulika. Kulimbana ndi matenda kumachepetsedwa.
• Mpweya wotentha kwambiri, chinyezi chochepa chimapangitsa tchire kukhala laulesi, komanso masamba achikasu.
• Kuperewera kwa michere m'nthaka kumayambitsa kupangika kapena kufa kwa thumba losunga mazira, mawonekedwe owawa a chomera.
• Tsekani mapoto kapena kubzala pafupipafupi m'mabokosi kuti mulowetse mizu, kusowa kwa michere. Zipatso sizipsa bwino chifukwa chometera kwambiri.

Kuwerenga mosamala za momwe mbewu ikukula, kuwunika kwathunthu zochitika zonse kumathandiza kuchepetsa zolakwika. Chomera chizikhala chowoneka bwino, chidzakhala chokongoletsera bwino pazenera ndipo chithokoza kukolola kambiri komanso kosangalatsa kwa tomato wokhala ndi chilengedwe.