Duwa lochenjera lomwe lili ndi miyala ya buluu yakumwamba - Chilatini-kuiwala-si-amatchedwa Myosotis, kutanthauza "khutu la mbewa".
Nthano zambiri ndi zikhulupiriro zotchuka zimalumikizana ndi ichi m'maiko ambiri. Amalumikizidwa ndi tanthauzo lodziwika bwino - chomera kuchokera zakale chimadziwika kuti ndi chodalirika, kukumbukira bwino.
Iwalani-ine-osati Alpine ndi mitundu ina
Anthu nthawi zambiri amatchulanso maluwa kuti "prigozhitsa", "minnow". Chimawoneka chanzeru: tchire kuchokera 10 mpaka 40 cm wamtali wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri komanso masamba ambiri owoneka bwino okhala ndi zikopa zazing'ono za inflorescence. Maluwa amitundu yamaluwa ndi ang'ono (koma amakula kuposa amtchire), nthawi zambiri amakhala mamilimita awiri, buluu, pinki kapena oyera okhala ndi pakati pachikasu ngati dzuwa.
Maluwa amayamba mchilimwe choyamba cha chilimwe, kutha kwa Julayi. Mitundu yosavomerezeka imapitilira kutsegulira masamba kuzizira.
Woimira banja la Burachnikov wakula ngati mmodzi-, awiri- kapena osatha. Koma pofika kumapeto kwa nyengo yachitatu, zimayambira za mbewuzo zimatambalala kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa maluwa kumachepa. Kubzala kumapangidwanso ndikuchotsa akale, kufesa m'badwo watsopano.
Asayansi ali ndi mitundu yoposa 50 yaiwalayi yomwe imamera m'makona onse a Dziko lapansi, komwe kumakhala chinyezi chambiri, nthawi zina m'madambo. Omwe amalima maluwa ambiri ndi awa:
- Alpine, wokhala kumapiri apakati a Caucasus, Carpathians, Alps, Altai, ndi kumwera kwa Urals. Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15, mafelemuwa ndi amtambo wakuda buluu, masamba ndi obiriwira. Mwakuwala kowala, kutalika kwa maluwa pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. M'minda yam'mapiri a Russia, pali dimba lobzalidwa makamaka. Wamaluwa amadziwika ndi Nyimbo yayitali yamtambo yamtambo, 15-masentimita Indigo, pinki Rosilva, ana otentha a buluu a Victoria.
- Madambo, kuthengo, amakula m'mphepete mwa madambo ndi maiwe. Mitunduyo imasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu - mpaka 12mm m'mimba mwake ,otalika kwambiri. Corolla ndi ya buluu kapena yapinki. Thuringen imakhala yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha maluwa ake amdima abuluu, pafupifupi maluwa abuluu.
- Munda womwe umalimidwa pafupifupi malo onse pomwe dothi limasunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali. Zimayambira kutalika kwapakatikati, ngale zazing'ono, zamtambo.
- Forest, wokonda zithupsa zamithunzi. Zomera zazitali zotulutsa kwambiri maluwa apinki, abuluu kapena abuluu. Mitundu ya Miro, Roggli, Magnum ndi yotchuka.
- Anakonza maluwa, ochokera ku Switzerland. Makulidwe akuluakulu a corollas kwambiri pa 30-centimeter limamera. Pakati pa olima maluwa wamba, mitundu ya Blau Grasmuk ndiyofala.
M'minda yamtunduwu mulinso mitundu yodziwika ya onunkhira, Sakhalin, Lazistan, yosangalatsa ndi mitundu ina.
Mitundu ya haibridi ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya obereketsa. Mtundu wa ma petals, kutengera mitundu, umachokera ku wodekha mpaka buluu wakuya.
Kubzala osayiwala
Mitundu yambiri ya azimayi amakonda malo ocheperako pang'ono, ena amakonda mthunzi wathunthu. Chosiyanacho ndi mitundu yamtchire ndi yamapiri, yomwe imakonda kutulutsa kokha m'malo abwino.
Maluwa sakhala ndi dothi labwino: nthaka yachonde bwino, komanso kuthamanga kwamadzi ndikosayenera. Osayiwalika osabzala m'mundamu m'njira imodzi mwanjira ziwiri, mwachindunji ndi njere pabedi la maluwa kapena mbande.
Kubzala masika pofunda
Nthaka ikayamba kutentha, imasulidwa, nthavu kapena humus imawonjezeredwa. Pambuyo masabata 2-3, kukumba kachiwiri, mulingo.
Mabowo ang'onoang'ono amakonzekera kufesa patali pafupifupi 10 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mbewu zofesedwa imakutidwa ndi dothi loonda, yokutidwa ndi polyethylene kuchokera kumwamba. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata awiri. Mbande amazidulira kuti ziwathandize kukhala omasuka.
Yofesa mbewu yoyambira mbande
Chezani kumayambiriro kwa dzinja. Mabokosi ambewu ali ndi gawo limodzi mwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mchenga wosambitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dziko lapansi lotetezedwa. Mbewu zimabalalika pamtunda, ndikapanikizidwa pang'ono, pang'ono ndikukonkhedwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Kenako mbewu zimasungunuka pogwiritsa ntchito botolo lothira. Nthambi zoyamba zimawonekera kumapeto kwa sabata loyamba. Masamba atatu enieni akapangidwa, mbande zimazidulira ndikuzimitsa m'makaniko ndikuyika mpaka kumapeto kwanyengo. Chisanu chikasungunuka, makapu omwe ali ndi mbande amasamukira kuchipinda chofunda. Mbande zibzalidwe pamabedi a maluwa mu Epulo. Zomera zambiri zidapanga kale masamba nthawi ino.
Oyiwalika-osati-kukula
Mchengawu ndiwofewetsa, safunikira zinthu zapadera. Kuwala kokwanira komanso mthunzi, kuthirira pang'ono, kuvala kawirikawiri pamwamba, komanso njira zotetezera ku tizirombo ndi matenda sizitenga nthawi yayitali ndipo akupezeka kwa omwe akuyamba kumene.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira kumafunikira kawiri pa sabata kuti maluwa akukula m'malo otentha dzuwa, mapiri a Alpine. Anthu okhala m'nyumba zamakona amadzimadzi kamodzi pa sabata, palibe mvula yachilengedwe.
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Kuti muchepetse ntchito zapakhomo, ndiziiwala nthawi zambiri zimabzidwa m'munda wamaluwa womwe umaphimba nthaka.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Pa dothi lachonde kwambiri, prigozhitsa imayamba kunenepa - kuwonjezera tsamba lokhalo. Chifukwa chake, feteleza ayenera kugwiridwa mosamala kwambiri. Nyengo, ndikokwanira kuwonjezera peat kapena humus kawiri - kasupe ndi yophukira, ndipo atangomva maluwa, kutsanulira ma mineral complexes.
Ntchito zina zosamalira
Alimi okhwima amalimbikitsa nthawi zonse, osachepera masiku khumi ndi asanu, amasula nthaka kuti michere ndi okosijeni ziziyenda momasuka kumizu.
Namsongole safuna kudulira - mizu yamphamvu imazula namsongole poyesa kutuluka m'nthaka.
Palibe chifukwa chokonzekera maluwa m'nyengo yachisanu. Mizu yake imalekerera chisanu champhamvu popanda chipale chofewa. Nthawi zina anthu okhala chilimwe amangobzala pamodzi ndi masamba owuma.
Musaiwale-osati-kubereka
Njira zonse zachikhalidwe ndizoyenera kufalitsa: kugwiritsa ntchito njere, kudula, kugawa chitsamba.
Mbewu
Kukololedwa pamene iwo akula. Pambuyo pouma, amathiridwa mumatumba a minofu ndikusungidwa mpaka kufesa, koma osapitirira zaka 3. Mutha kubzala mbewu zatsopano pamabedi a maluwa ndi mabedi amaluwa. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mitundu yosakanizidwa ya anthu omwe saiwalika-osati-mitundu siyipatsira, ngati imafalitsidwa motere.
Nthawi zina okhala pachilimwe savutikanso ndi kutola mbewu - mzimayi wokongola amakula bwino-bwino. Chapakatikati, tchire tating'ono timakumbidwa mosamala ndikubzala pamalo oyenera.
Kugawanitsa
Njira zabwino zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosakanizidwa. Njirayi ndi yovomerezeka kuchita nyengo yotentha iliyonse, mizu yolimba yopanda zowonongeka imasunthidwa ndipo imazika mosavuta m'malo atsopano.
Tchire amakimbidwa, ndikugawikana magawo angapo. Gawoli lirilonse limabzalidwa mu bowo lokonzedwa.
Kudula
Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofalitsa mtundu wa wosakanizidwa ndi zosinthika kwambiri zokongoletsa osayiwala. Mapeto a maluwa, mphukira za apical zimadulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa-kachilombo. Zabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo, zokutira ndi polyethylene kapena galasi zowoneka bwino. Kutsirira kumachitika mosamala: kudula kumavulaza madzi owopsa pamasamba. Kupanga tchire kukhala nthambi, kuzitsina 1-2 cm.
Ndi njira yofalitsira iyi, ma minnels amatulutsa mchaka chomwecho. Koma nthawi yachisanu amafunika kuphimbidwa ndi nthambi za spruce kapena agrofibre.
Tizilombo komanso matenda andiwala-osati-matenda
Maluwa amalimbana ndi matenda. Kuthirira kwambiri kungakhale chifukwa chokha cha zotupa.
Nthaka yamadzi ndi malo abwino kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus - powdery mildew, mizu zowola, zowola imvi. Ngati zizindikiro za matendawa zikuwoneka pamasamba ndi zimayambira, amathandizidwa ndi fungosis iliyonse (vitriol, HOM, Skor, Fitosporin ndi ena).
Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwamatenda, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa kubzala, nthawi yopyapyala mbewu. Kuuma kwa dothi kapena kusungunuka kwanthawi yayitali pansi pa maluwa timapewanso.
Tizirombo sitimenya nkhondo titha kuiwala, zomwe zimathandizira chisamaliro. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati tiziromboti tapezeka kapena patachitika vuto lalikulu kulowa m'deralo.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala pachilimwe akudziwitsa: osayiwala - dokotala wa thirakiti la kupuma
Kuphatikiza pa kukongoletsa mosasamala, prigogitsu imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha machiritso omwe amadziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale. Mankhwala achikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito chomera monga he heaticatic, anti-kutupa ndi chiyembekezo. Chithandizo cha bronchitis, mitundu ina ya chifuwa chachikulu ndi chifuwa cham'mimba imakwaniritsa bwino maluwa.
Zida zoyipa pokonzekera mankhwala opangira mankhwala zimakonzedwa nthawi ya maluwa. Gwiritsani ntchito gawo lonse la mlengalenga - zimayambira, masamba, inflorescence. Kuyanika kumachitika m in chipinda chotsekera chipinda kapena pansi pa denga, pomwe palibe ntchito. Kenako zinthu zosaphwidwazo zimaphwanyidwa, zimasungidwa mpaka chaka chimodzi mumbale zopangidwa ndi galasi, zoumba kapena mapepala.
Kukonzekera maluwa osayiwalika - osaganizira zamankhwala, zindikirani kuti mitundu yamitundu ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa siyabwino pazolinga izi.
Mitundu yamtchire ndi nkhalango imawonedwa ngati zopangira zabwino kwambiri, zomera zakuthengo. Ena maphikidwe achikhalidwe cha anthu ogwiritsa ntchito
- Kwa bronchitis, chifuwa chotsalira, malungo, supuni 3 za zopangira zouma zimathiridwa ndi kapu yamadzi otentha. Kuumirira ora, ndiye zosefera. Imwani supuni katatu patsiku mutadya.
- Tiyi yopangidwa ndi aiwalala (1: 1) amathandizira ndi mphumu, m'mimba kapena m'matumbo, komanso matenda a impso.
- Kuboola kwa supuni ziwiri za udzu wouma mu kapu yamadzi kumathandiza ndi kusabala.
- Mwatsopano madzi a masamba ndi zimayambira limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira pa matenda a zilonda zamkamwa.
- Magawo obiriwira odulidwa mu gruel ndi othandizira kwambiri komanso otupa. Unyinji umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti utsegule mabala, kuwotcha, madera ozizira.
Asayansi sanawululire zotsutsana pakugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala monga mankhwala ndi ma infusions a kuiwala ine. Koma amayi apakati kapena oyembekezera, komanso anthu omwe akudwala matendawa, ayenera kufunsa dokotala.
Amayi ena panyumba amagwiritsa ntchito maluwa osalimba pofuna kuyang'anira. Mwachitsanzo, amaphika shuga ndimakongoletsa zophika zamiyambo - makeke kapena makeke. Kapena achisanu m'madzi chifukwa cha cocktails.
