Tomato akufuna chisamaliro. Kwa iwo, mikhalidwe, kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba ndizofunikira chimodzimodzi. Makamaka chofunikira kuti kukolola kwakulemera ndikukhwinyata - kuchotsa pafupipafupi mphukira.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa ndi omwe akuyambira, amapatsa tomato kuti apange nsonga zopanda ntchito, kudzimana okha mbewu.
Kufunika kubzala tomato
M'malo abwino a dziko lakale la Central America, chikhalidwe chogwirizana ndi njirayi. Chilimwe chachitali, nyengo yotentha imakupatsani mwayi wowombera zipatso kucha chaka chonse. Ndipo palibe chifukwa chochepetsera kuchuluka kwa mphukira yachiwiri kuti ikwere. Mazira onse ovuta amakhala ndi nthawi yokwaniritsa komanso kukhwima kwathunthu.
Zomwe dziko lathu silikuchita zimathandizira kulima tomato ngati zipatso zosatha. Kuti zipatso zichuluke ndi kulawa, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala kochepa. Ichi ndiye cholinga chachikulu chopinira.
Njirayi ndiyovomerezeka pafupifupi mitundu yonse ndi mitundu, ngakhale atakhala malo obiriwira kapena malo otseguka. Stepsons - mbali mphukira zimawononga kwambiri chitukuko cha tchire:
- Mavitamini amachotsedwa ku tomato.
- Onjezerani nthawi yakucha zipatso.
- Chepetsani zokolola.
- Zipatso zamthunzi zimabisidwa. Kuperewera kwa dzuwa kumakhudza kukoma kwa chipatso.
- Korona wothinitsidwa ndi malo abwino kwambiri opititsa patsogolo matenda. Ndipo mbewu zofowoka zimadzala ndi tizirombo.
Kuchotsa mphukira zochulukirapo kumathandizira okhala m'zilimwe ndi ma wodi awo pamavuto ambiri, zimathandizira kuti zipatso zizipezeka panthawi yake.
Chinsinsi chopini ndi mitundu
Njira ya agrotechnical ndikuchotsa pafupipafupi mphukira zomwe zimatuluka m'mphepete mwa masamba. Ntchito yosavuta imaphatikizapo kudziwa malamulo ena - liti komanso kangati momwe amachitidwira, angati omwe amapanga timitengo ingapo amachotsedwa pa nthawi, dongosolo loti aphedwe. Ndikofunikanso kudziwa mawonekedwe a opareshoni mwanjira zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya tomato.
Pasynkovka cholinga chake ndi kupanga chitsamba kuti athe kupeza zipatso zokoma zambiri kuchokera pamenepo. Kutengera mfundoyi, njira zinayi zikusiyanitsidwa:
- tsinde limodzi;
- tsinde lawiri;
- zitatu-zopindika;
- kulowa.
Mu tsinde limodzi amatanthauza kuti amachotsa zonse, kupatula, mbali zimafalikira. Tchire limakula kutalika, phwetekere zokulirapo limacha. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu greenh m'nyumba. Izi sizimangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndikuchepetsa nthawi yakukhwima. Chifukwa cha kupuma bwino kwa mbewu, chiwopsezo cha matenda chimachepetsedwa, chithandizo chothana ndi matenda chimakhala chosavuta. Potseguka, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yachilimwe.
Kachiwiri, njira yolimba idatsalira yomwe yapanga zipatso zambiri. Pambuyo pake, ma stepons otsala pazomwe zimayambira amachotsedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Universal.
Njira yachitatu imapereka zotsatira zabwino pokhapokha pamabedi akumwera. Pamalo ochepa pomwepo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati 1 sq. M yaperekedwa pachitsamba chilichonse. m - kugwiritsa ntchito mosasamala kwachuma kwazungulira.
Fomu yotsikirayi ndiyoyenera tomato wamtali komanso wosakhazikika poyera. Chisoti chachifumucho chimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono.
Choyamba, mphukira yolimba imasiyidwa pafupifupi mita 1. Ngati burashi ya maluwa ikakhazikika pa iyo, kutsina thunthu. Gawo lachiwiri - pa phesi lolowa m'malo, ndikubwerera pafupifupi mita kuchokera pansi, sankhani njira yotsatira yolimba. Mphukira zikapangidwa pa mphukira yatsopano, nthambi yobwezeretsa idina. Chifukwa chake bwerezaninso katatu, ngati zingatheke.
Kupanikiza pakati kumaphatikizanso kupanikiza pakati pa mphukira zopatsa zipatso. Imachepetsa kukula kwa nthambi ndikulepheretsa zingwe za maburashi azipatso, zomwe mwachidziwikire sizikhala ndi nthawi kuti zipse. Zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zipatso zochepa zimamangidwa pamtengo waukulu. Potere, mbewuyo imaponyera kolimba pambuyo pake, ndikupereka mbewu yowonjezera.
Tsinani tchire pamtunda potsatira burashi wazipatso womangidwa.
Chimodzi mwa magawo ndi kutsata kwa chiwerengero cha masamba akuluakulu. Ma nsonga sayenera kulepheretsa kusinthana kwa mpweya, kupanga mthunzi wandiweyani pakucha tomato. Kuchotsa masamba osokoneza, musaiwale kuti akutenga nawo mbali panjira ya photosynthesis.
Kudutsa molingana ndi kalasi
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato ndi yosangalatsa. Pofuna kuphweka, kudziwa mtundu wofunikira wa kupangira tchire, onse amagawika m'magulu: mwa kukhwima; digiri ndi nthawi yayitali yakukula; kukula kwa chipatso; wowonjezera kutentha ndi dothi.
Mitundu yoyambirira ndi yokhazikika nthawi zambiri simakhala wopeza. Ngati pali tchire zochepa, koma kubweza kwakukulu kumafunikira, iwo amakula mu zimayambira 1-2. Tomato wa nthawi yayitali komanso mochedwa - awiri kapena atatu. Njira yake imatsimikizika potengera momwe mbewuzo zingakhalire.
Tomato yemwe amakula pang'ono, kapena wokhazikika - pokhapokha atakulidwa motetezeka.
Tomato wodziwika bwino (wapakatikati) amapangidwa mu mphukira 1-2 m'malo obiriwira; ana opeza amasiyidwa pabedi kuti achulukitse zipatso.
Indeterminate (wamtali komanso wamkulu wopanda malire) pazotheka zilizonse. Amamangirira burashi wazipatso pamwamba pa mapepala 7 ndi pamwamba. Ngati tingalole kukula kwa mphukira wapansi, mbewuyo siyingadikire konse. Njira yopambana kutchire ndi mphukira 1-2 za malo obiriwira, pamabedi otseguka 2-3. Chofunikanso chimapiringizira mbewu poyandikira nthawi yophukira. M'matenthedwe otentha, phwetekere zoterezi sizingakhale zochepa, ngati kuwunikira kowonjezera kumaperekedwa.
Mitundu yayikulu-zipatso (ng'ombe) yokhwima m'mitunda 1-2. Tomato wokhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono komanso phwetekere samatirira panja, amangowonetsetsa kuti masamba ndi nthambi zosagwira pansi. Ngati mphukira ipatsa zipatso pang'ono kapena yayala kale, imachotsedwa. M'malo otetezedwa - malo obiriwira kapena nyumba - amapeza mogwirizana ndi malamulo apakale, chifukwa, tchire la mtundu 3 kapena 4 zimaloledwa.
Mitundu ina ya tomato imaponyera masamba awo pa mphukira za stepson. Pankhaniyi, adatsala. Mapepala awiri atapangidwa pamwamba pa burashi, kutsina kumachitika.
Tekinoloje yodula phwetekere
Mbande zobzalidwa pansi kumapeto kwa sabata yachiwiri zimazika mizu ndikuyamba kukula. Pofika nthawi ino, wokhala munyengo yachilimwe amayenera kusankha paubwino wakukula - angati adzasiya.
Mfundo zazikulu
Nthawi yoyamba stepons amachotsedwa maluwa atayamba, pamene akukula pafupifupi masentimita 5. Pankhaniyi, kusiyana pakati pa burashi wazipatso ndi kuwombera kwapafupifupi kumatsimikiziridwa popanda zolakwika: masamba a masamba kapena masamba. Ngati mukukayika, yang'anani malo omwe nthambi imachokera. Nthambi zantchito zimachoka pachitsamba.
Onetsetsani kuti mwachotsa njira zomwe zili pansi pa maluwa apansi. Masamba okhudza dothi amaswa kapena kufupikitsa kuti asakhale matenda. Pa nthawi imodzi, palibe masamba atatu ndi masamba osachotsedwa pachitsamba chilichonse.
Pafupipafupi - sabata iliyonse pakukula kwantchito. Tomato wokhazikika nthawi zina amapereka zodabwitsa kwa wamaluwa: nthawi yakucha, pamwamba limamera mwadzidzidzi, ndikulonjeza mabulashi a maluwa amawoneka, ndipo zipatso zatsopano zimangirizidwa. Vutolo limawunikidwa ndi nthawi yake: mukakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira musanazizire, zipatsozo zimaloledwa kucha mpaka mkaka wakhwima. Ngati kulibe katundu wamasiku ofunda, nsonga zimadulidwa.
Kutengera ndi dera lomwe likukula, kuyambira theka lachiwiri la Julayi mpaka theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti, tsinani nsonga za mitundu yamkati zomwe zimamera pamabedi osatetezeka.
Ndondomeko Algorithm
Akuluakulu azachipembedzo samalimbikitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodulira popanga zikhadabo, popeza magawo omwe atsala ndi zipata zotseguka za matenda ndi ma virus.
- Ntchito imachitika kokha ndi manja osambitsidwa bwino. Ndikofunika kuzitsuka mutachotsa mwana aliyense wopeza.
- Nthawi yabwino ndi maola a m'mawa tsiku lotentha.
- Mapesi a kukula kwa ofananira nawo azitsina ndi misomali. Chifukwa chake malo olakwika adzachedwetsedwa mwachangu.
- Onetsetsani kuti mwasiya kutalika kwa masentimita atatu, ndikukutetezani kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso tilepheretse kukula kwa stepons zatsopano.
- Njira zoyambira zimadulidwa.
Zoyesedwazo zimayikidwa mtanga kapena chikwama kuti zisakhale pothaulitsa tizirombo, musayambe kuvunda. Zinyalala zimayikidwa mu kompositi kapena zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zopanda pake za infusions zomwe zimabweza tiziromboti.
Ngati kubzala tomato ndizambiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chida - mpeni, lumo kapena secateurs. Ziyenera kukulidwa kuti muchepetse zimayambira palimodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, amayang'anitsitsa kuyera kwake: amaphera mankhwala asanayambe ntchito ndikatola chitsamba chilichonse. Pofuna kuphera matendawa gwiritsani ntchito njira ya potaziyamu permanganate, hydrogen peroxide kapena Bleach.
Agronomists amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chida chokonzera mbewu zobiriwira. Kulungamitsidwa kumakhala kolemetsa: Nthambi zosagwirizana zosakhalidwa bwino zimangokhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Chitetezo chinanso ndi phulusa, lomwe limakonkhedwa ndi magawo atsopano.
A Dachnik akudziwitsa: maubwino ndi kuipa kwa kutsina
Kuti tiyamikire zabwino zonse za njirayi, ndikokwanira kulingalira nkhalango zobiriwira zamtchire m'mundamo: kufalikira tchire kumatseka kulowa kwa dzuwa kwa oyandikana nawo ndi magawo otsika, dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, mpweya suyenda momwemo. Mikhalidwe yotere imakondedwa ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri achikhalidwe: mochedwa choipitsa, septoria, cladosporiosis, zowola - zoyera, imvi, zofiirira, zotuwa za ufa.
Matenda oyamba ndi fungus amachotsa wokolola m'munda gawo lalikulu la mbewuyo ndikufalikira mosavomerezeka pamalowo. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, izi ndizophatikiza.
Mthunzi wa malo okhuthala, nkhono ndi mavuvu, mbozi zamitengo yoluma zimamva bwino, nzika za agulugufe zimakhazikika.
Ngati ndizotheka kupewa zodabwitsazi, kukolola sikungadzetse chisangalalo chochuluka. Maonekedwe osasinthika, utoto wosasinthika, zipatso zoperewera - chifukwa chosowa kuwala, mpweya kwa mbewu zambiri, ndi zipatso - michere. Ndalama zonse zogulira ndi zakuthupi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kubzala mbande, mayendedwe ake, kubzala sizilipira limodzi ndi tomato wowongoka, ndikuyesera kuti zipse pakati pamitengo yambiri.
Koma phwetekere munthawi yake komanso moyenera limakomera m'maso: mizere yochepa thupi ya zitsamba zoyera zokongoletsedwa ndi garlands za zipatso zolimba kucha nthawi, nthawi zina ngakhale patsogolo pawo. Ndikothekera kuthira madzi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kusonkha toyesa ndikuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa zitini zakututa mtsogolo.
Pasynkovanie amafunika nthawi ndi chisamaliro - iyi ndi njira yokhayo yomwe mungatsate. Ngati nthawi zambiri kulibe mwayi wokaona nyumba, mitundu yotsata njirayi imabzidwa:
- kulima mbewu yobiriwira: Ob domes, Sanka, Danko, Alaska, Honey cream, Velvet nyengo, Nevsky;
- potseguka: Agatha, Adeline, Kudzazidwa koyera, Betalyuks, Gnome, Gina, Gigolo.
Matomawa adadzitsimikizira mu zigawo zosiyanasiyana, amakhala opinimbira, koyambirira komanso kupsa kwapakatikati. Za yakucha mochedwa, odziwika a Malinka ndi Titan akulimbikitsidwa.
Komabe, zonsezo zimafunikira garter, komanso kuchotsera masamba am'munsi omwe ali pafupi ndi dothi. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ya phwetekere yoyenera dothi lotetezedwa ikuyenera kupangidwa. Kupanda kutero, zokolola zawo sizingafanane ndi khama lomwe lidaperekedwa.
