Tricolor violet kapena pansy - iyi ndi zitsamba zapachaka kapena zamtundu wina wotchedwa. Kugawidwa ku Europe ndi Asia. Anthuwo adalandira dzina loti Ivan da Marya.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Chojambula chokongoletsera chotchuka cha malo okhala ndi ziwembu zapakhomo ndi Pansies. Violet Vitroka kapena viola (mawonekedwe osakanizidwa, okhala ndi maluwa owala ndi akuluakulu), amatchedwanso chomera, chofalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Ku Russia, imafesedwa pansi nthawi yachilimwe, panyumba imamera chaka chonse.
Maluwa okongola omwe ali ndi maluwa azithunzi zosiyanasiyana samapezeka mzipinda. Chomera chimakonda malo otseguka komanso kuyatsa kwabwino. Zolemba zina zofala pakupachika miphika pamakhonde.
Wamaluwa odziwa kubzala mbande m'nyengo yozizira. M'madera awo, maluwa a viola amayambira kumapeto kwa masika.
Kwa zigawo zozizira, kulimidwa kwa mbeu zam'munda komanso zamitundu mitundu ya Rococo Mix kumavomerezeka. Maluwa okongola a velvet osiyanasiyana otambalala amafika masentimita 6, amatulutsa kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa tsinde kuli pafupifupi 20 cm.
Madeti obzala mapepala
M'madera ovuta kwambiri, nthawi zambiri viola amakulira ngati chomera cha pachaka. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yamaluwa ya Pansies, maso safuna chisamaliro chaulemu, chifukwa chake amakondedwa kwambiri ndi okhalamo chilimwe.
Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira Vitrok violets:
- Tikufika poyera. Mbewu zimafalikira moyenerera panthaka isanayambe kunyowa. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi, pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kumawotha mpaka + 18 ... +20 ° C. Maluwa amayamba kufupi ndi Seputembala.
- Kukula mbande kumayambira mu Okutobala, Marichi. Zinyama zazing'ono zimabzalidwe malo kumapeto kwa Epulo. Zomera zimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, pachimake kwambiri. Masamba oyamba akuyembekezeka mu June.
- Tikufika kumayambiriro yophukira pansi. Ndondomeko zimachitika nyengo yofunda m'masiku khumi oyambirira a Seputembala. Mbewu zimakhala ndi nthawi yophuka. Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, maluwa oyamba amaphukira kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Iliyonse ya njira zakutsikira zili ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake. Omwe alimi ena adachita izi zonse zitatu ndipo amasangalala ndi kukongola kwa Vitrok violets chaka chonse.
Njira yodziwika ya kufalikira kwa viola ndi zodula, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera zosiyanasiyana. Zida zimatengedwa kuchokera kwa akulu mchilimwe. Monga chogwiririra, zikumera za msipu wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi ma 2 mkati ndi oyenera. Asanadzalemo, amayeretsedwa maluwa ndi masamba.
Patsambalo, malo osungunuka omwe amakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri amasankhidwa ndipo mabowo amadzalidwa pafupi wina ndi mnzake mpaka akuya masentimita 1. Dothi limathiriridwa madzi, ndipo mbewu zomwe zimaphulika kuchokera mfuti. Valani ma violets ndi pepala lachinyezi masiku 7. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, kuzika kwamizu kumachitika pakatha mwezi umodzi. Pambuyo pake, mutha kuthilira zikumazo kupita kumalo osatha.
Ndikosavuta kusamalira Pansies. Ndikokwanira kupeza chidziwitso choyamba ndipo nthawi iliyonse yophunzitsira yotsatira idzakhala yosavuta.
Kalendala yobzala ya Lunar violet ya 2019
Amadziwika kuti mwezi umakhudza gawo lamunthu. Zomera zimamva kayendedwe ka satelayinso kwambiri. Kuyambira kale, anthu azindikira kuti kubzala mbewu patsiku linale kumapereka zipatso zabwino.
Masiku ano, kalendala ya wolima mundawo imathandizira kuti pakhale mbewu zathanzi komanso zokongola pamtengo wotsika. Masiku abwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala; pa masiku osasamala, chisamaliro ndi njira zapamwamba zowonekera zimachitika.
| Mwezi | Zabwino | Zosasangalatsa | |
| Zolemba | Osayamba | ||
| Januware | 17-19; 23-27. | 14-19; 23-27. | 5; 6; 21. |
| February | 6-8; 11-17; 21-25. | 11-13; 20-25. | 4; 5; 19. |
| Marichi | 12-17; 19-20. | 12-17; 19; 20; 27-30. | 6; 7; 21. |
| Epulo | 6-8; 11-13; 15-17; 29-30. | 6-8; 11-13; 15-17; 24-26; 29, 30 | 5; 19. |
| Meyi | 8-17; 21-23; 26-28. | 6-8; 10-17; 21-23; 26-28; 31 | 5; 19. |
| Juni | 1; 2; 5; 6; 9-13; 16-20. | 1; 2; 5; 6; 9-13; 16-20, 27-30. | 3; 4; 17. |
| Julayi | 8-10. | 8-12; 25-31. | 2; 3; 17. |
| Ogasiti | - | 2-6; 17; 18; 21-23; 26-28. | 15; 16; 30; 31. |
| Seputembala | - | 1-5; 7-10; 17-24. | 15; 16; 30; 31. |
| Okutobala | - | 4-7, 9-12, 19-21, 23-25, 27. | 14; 28. |
| Novembala | 6-8; 13-18; 24-25. | 13-18. | 12; 13; 26, 27. |
Kukonzekeretsa mbewu yofesa
Ndikwabwino kusonkhanitsa mbewu nokha, ndikusankha mbewu pamasamba okongola kwambiri. Bokosi la mbewu limapangidwa m'malo mwa duwa, ndipo panthawi yakucha mphukira ndi mbewu. Ndikosatheka kuzikula kale, chifukwa kumera kudzakhala zero.
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa aluso amavala m'matumba awo nsalu yopyapyala yopumira, motero amatha kutola mbewu zabwino kwambiri.
Kuti kumere bwino, mbewu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pamanja zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikonzedwe.
Mankhwala Fitosporin amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri, kapangidwe ka prophylactic amaletsa kuchitika kwa matenda a fungal mukamakula mbande.
Asanafesere, nthangala za violet zimanyowetsedwa mu zophukira zapadera. Zabwino kwambiri kuganizira Zircon ndi Epin. Njira yamtunduwu imawonjezera kupirira kwa chomera ndipo imathandizira gawo loyamba la kumera.
Kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitika mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo omwe atsekedwa pakukhazikitsa mankhwala. Pambuyo pake, ziwuma mlengalenga, zomwe zimagawanidwa mofananamo pamalo osalala m'malo opumira bwino.
Mbewu zouma bwino zakonzeka kubzala. Ngati zosungidwa zakonzedwa, pindani chikhalidwecho mu thumba kapena pepala, osasiya mpweya.
Kutha
Zomwe muli mbande za viola zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, palibe malangizo apadera. Ndizololedwa kutenga pulasitiki wosaya kapena matabwa, makapu makatoni, ndi zida zotayira monga zotengera.
M'masitolo odziwika bwino mugule matreyi kapena makaseti a mbande. Mabatani amaphatikizapo maselo anayi mpaka 300 okhala ndi kukula kwakukulu. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zokhala ndi dothi laling'ono. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma kaseti ndi kosavuta kwa chomera ndi cholima. Mphukira iliyonse imakhala m'chipinda chake ndipo mutabzala, mizu yakeyo sikhala yowonongeka. Ndi njira iyi, mphukira iliyonse imalandira kutentha kofanana, kuwala, ndi feteleza. Zotsatira zake, mbande zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zathanzi.
Kunyumba, gwiritsani ntchito zotengera kuchokera mazira. Amisiri amapanga timabowo ta mbande kuchokera m'mabotolo apulasitiki.
Dothi
Bzalani mapani panthaka yonyansa. Osakaniza womalizidwa amagulidwa m'misika yamaluwa. Musanabzale, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nthaka acidity mulingo. Ziwawa zimakonda pH ya 6.5.
Kuti mupeze kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za litmus.
Ozindikira omwe ali ndi chilimwe akukonzekera dzikolo lokha. Pali maphikidwe angapo osakanikirana bwino dothi:
- peat, lapansi, mchenga, humus 2: 2: 1: 2;
- turf kumtunda, mchenga, humus 2: 1: 2.
Mukabzala m'nthaka yokhala ndi peat yambiri, palibe feteleza zina zofunika. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika pambuyo pa mphukira yoyamba.
Viola amathiridwanso pamapiritsi a peat. Njira imayesedwa yopambana, imapereka kumera kwakukuru. Piritsi imanyowa m'madzi. Pakutupa, njerezo zimafalikira pansi pang'ono yokutidwa ndi nthaka. Zinthu zonse zofunika kuti zikule ndikukula kale. Zimangodikirira kumera.
Palibe lingaliro limodzi pankhani yosankha dothi. Mlimi aliyense amasankha kuphatikiza koyenera kwambiri.
Kufesa mbewu za viola za mbande
Anthu odziwa bwino chilimwe amayamba kulima ma pansizi pokonzekera dothi losakaniza ndi njere. Mukamaliza ntchitoyo, chidebe chimathandizidwa ndi yankho kuchokera ku bowa.
Kubzala kumachitika mogwirizana ndi malangizo otsatirawa:
- Chidebe chokonzedweratu chimadzaza ndi ngalande, kenako ndi dothi.
- Kusakaniza kwapansi kumapanikizidwa pang'ono ndikufetsedwa ndi kupukutira ndi kupopera ndi mfuti yopopera.
- Komanso pogawa mbewuzo pamtunda, sizifunikira kuzama.
- Finyani pansi panthaka ndi mbeu zochuluka, kuti kufesa kumachitika pakukula kofunika kumera.
- Pamwamba pa chidebecho mumakhala cholimba ndikuyika filimu ndikukhazikika m'malo amdima kutentha.
Njira ina yofesa viola ndikufera mu chisanu. Njira yakukonzera dothi ndi zotengera zili zofanana ndi njira yanthawi zonse. Pambuyo pake, matalala amakhazikika pansi panthaka. Violet amafesedwa mofananamo. Chipale chimasungunuka ndikukoka mbewuzo mwakuzama.
Anthu okhala pachilimwe amakhulupirira kuti njira yofikira pa chipale chofewa imapereka mbewu zambiri zoteteza kumatenda komanso kuzizira. Komanso, njirayi ili ndi njira yoteteza.
Kusamalira mbande za violets
Mbande zimafunikira chisamaliro cha tsiku ndi tsiku mwezi woyamba.
Kutsirira kumachitika dothi likamuma. Chinyezi chimamwazika ndi mfuti yonyowa. Kamodzi pamwezi, chowonjezera chowonjezera chimawonjezeredwa kumadzi. Zikumera zikapeza mphamvu, hydration imachitika mwanjira yanthawi zonse.
Kutentha kwa chipinda sikuyenera kugwa pansi +25 ° C. Zikaboweka mphukira zazing'ono, mutha kuyamba kupendekera senpolia pang'onopang'ono, kulola kutsika pang'ono kutentha mukamapumira.
Pa mbande kukhalabe ndi chinyezi chambiri pansi pa kanema. Ndikwabwino kupopera nthaka ndi madzi ofunda.
Mwezi woyamba mutabzala, mbewuyo imafunika kuyatsa nthawi yonseyo. Nzika za chilimwe zimakhazikitsa magwero owunikira mpaka mphukira zikalimba.
Mbande za Viola, zomwe zimakonzedwa kuti zibzalidwe m'nthaka, zimakonzedweratu. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi asanatenge, chidebe chimachitika panja. Amayamba kuyambira mphindi 30 ndipo tsiku lililonse amakulitsa nthawi yomwe mbande zikuyenda mumsewu mpaka maola 4.
Pa kutentha kwapakati pa +18 ° C, ma violets amawokedwa m'malo okhazikika. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri m'ma kapena kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Bzalani mbande zakunyumba. Mphukira yolimba imayikidwa mumiphika kapena maluwa yaying'ono. Okonda Senpolis amapanga nyimbo zoyambirira zopachikika ndipo amakongoletsa zipinda ndi iwo chaka chonse.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta mbande
Zolakwika ndi zolakwika posamalira zimayambitsa matenda a mbande.
Zomera zofooka za violets nthawi zambiri zimakhudza tizirombo: mavu, nkhupakupa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Mutazindikira zoyamba, sankhani mbande yonse ya mbande. Amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kuchiza nthawi zina kuyenera kubwerezedwa katatu; kupatula kwa khokhazikika kumakhalapo mpaka kuchira kwathunthu.
Mizu ndi tsinde sizitha kuphonya. Zomera zimafota ndikumva kuwawa ngakhale mutathirira. Kachilombo koyambitsa matenda komwe kamayambitsa matendawa kumayambitsa matendawa, ndipo mwina sikungathe kuchiritsa. Pa prophylaxis, mbewu zimapoperedwa ndi zokonzekera zomwe zimakhala ndi mkuwa.
Powdery mildew ndiofala matenda a fungts. Pukutira mbewu ndi sopo ndi phulusa la sopo. Zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa motere:
- madzi 5 l;
- soda 25 gr;
- sopo wamadzimadzi 5 gr.
Njira yothetsera vutoli imapakidwa ndi zikumera mlungu uliwonse.
Madontho pamasamba amachititsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Matendawa amatengedwa ndi fungicides, omwe amagulidwa m'masitolo apadera. Kufufuza kumachitika mogwirizana ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo, kuyang'anitsitsa ndende ya zinthu zomwe zikutsalira.
Konzani pansies chifukwa chodzala mu February kapena koyambirira kwamasika. Chomera chimakhala chosazindikira, ndipo, ngati mutsatira malangizowo, mabedi okongola a maluwa amasangalala mpaka nthawi yophukira.
