Chrysanthemum ndichikhalidwe cha maluwa achaka kapena chosatha cha banja la a Astro. Mitundu yoposa 29 imapezeka ku Asia, komwe kuli kumpoto komanso kotentha. Dziko lakwawo ndi China, India, Japan. Ku China, idakulitsidwa m'zaka za VI BC. e. Ku Europe, adawoneka m'zaka za XVII, ku Russia pakati pa XIX. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki amatanthauza "duwa la dzuwa."
Kufotokozera kwachipinda chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum imakula osati pabalaza, komanso m'chipindacho. Maluwa amakula pa khonde, windowsill. Zopanga tokha nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono, kuyambira 15 mpaka 70 cm.
Mphukira zake zimakhala zosalala, kukumana ndi mulu. Mtundu wa inflorescence ndi mtanga wa pamakhala. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 2,5-5 masentimita. Imaphuka mu Ogasiti ndipo limamasula mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Masamba amakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana, osiyanasiyana kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe: serated, notched, dissected, kuwala wobiriwira mtundu. Rhizome nthambi, imafanana ndi nthaka.
Mwa alimi a maluwa, chrysanthemum yamphika mumphika ndiyotchuka, pali mitundu yokhala ndi mafiri omwe siwiriawiri omwe amafanana ndi daisies, ndi maluwa ngati mpira. Kwa ampel omwe akukula pamakhala ma chrysanthemums ngati mawonekedwe a masewera.
Mitundu yaku Korea, India, Chitchainizi ndi yodziwika. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi oyera, lalanje, lilac, pinki. Pakati, utoto umasiyana ndi ma petals kumapeto.
Pogula m malo ogulitsira, samalani ndi kupezeka kwa mawanga, zowonongeka, ma splashes. Maluwa oterowo sayenera kumwedwa, komanso maluwa. Masamba ake ayenera kukhala obiriwira, mizu yolimbikitsidwa, chitsamba chopangidwa.
Gulu la Chrysanthemums
Zomera zimatchulidwa motere:
- Kukula kwake: maluwa akulu komanso ang'onoang'ono (osachepera 80 cm).
- Mwanjira ya inflorescences: terry, bulangeti, osakhala pawiri, mzere wapawiri, cirrus, bristle, anemic.
- Nthawi ya maluwa: koyambirira, kwapakatikati, komanso mochedwa maluwa.
- Kutalika kwa tsinde: wamtali (45-60), wapakatikati (30-45 cm), wopindika (15-30 cm).
- Mawonekedwe a maluwa: chamomile, ozungulira.
Mitundu yotchuka yakukula kunyumba
Pali mitundu yopitilira 40 ya chrysanthemum yamkati, awa ndi amwenye, Chitchaina (silika), aku Korea.
| Gulu | Mawonekedwe | Maluwa |
| Golden Gloria | Mapulogalamu, timaluwa kwambiri. | Wachikasu. |
| Lelia | Pakati mpaka 50 cm. | Terry, kapezi lakuda. |
| Hazell | Pukuta mpaka 50 cm. | Sipuni yooneka ngati supuni. |
| Kupanikizana kwa Orange | Spherical, Korea. | Malalanje owala. |
| Zembla kusakaniza | Mphukira zazikulu ndi mphukira zazitali. | Amaphukira kugwa, ena obiriwira pakati, amitundu yosiyanasiyana. |
| Aurora | Wamtali, wapakatikati kukula inflorescence. | Malalanje |
| Chipewa chofewa | Zimayambira. | Terry, zoyera. |
| Malingaliro | Pukuta mpaka 20 cm. | Pinki wotentha, terry. |
| Pink Cascade | Mphukira zikugwa, ikani miphika. | Pinki. |
| Meridi | Kufupika, kozungulira, pansi pamaluwa amaluwa sikuwoneka. | Half-terry, burgundy, chikasu pakati. |
| Maluwa a Apple | Tchire ndi lokongola, limakula mpaka mamita 0.5. | Terry, pinki. |
| Okishore | Kutalika mpaka 50 cm, inflorescence yayikulu masentimita 6-8. | Lilac. |
| Flamingo | Hemispherical, chitsamba chowongoka, inflorescence mpaka 7 cm. | Pinki wopepuka ndi peyala shimmer. |
| Chisatini | Lash, chitsamba chaching'ono mpaka 25 cm. | Rasipiberi |
| Dune | Amamera mpaka 50 cm. Amasintha mtundu pakamasuwa. | Zowala, thunzi. |
| Chipale choyamba | Kufikira 35 cm wamtali, chitsamba voluminous. | Choyera. |
| Mnyamata wa Kibalchish | Kuposa 50 cm kutalika ndi pafupifupi 60 mulifupi. | Wofiyira, wofiirira. |
Kusintha maluwa kukhala mchipinda
Pambuyo pa sitolo, chrysanthemum imayikidwa payokha, popeza pali ngozi yakuwukiridwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a maluwa ena. Mphika umayikidwa pamalo otentha komanso owala, osamwetsa madzi ndi kuthira manyowa.
Nthochi zitaphukira, zimadulidwa, kuziika mu chidebe chatsopano ndikuthira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mutatha kupenda mizu ndikuchotsa mbali zowola.
Kusamalira chipinda chrysanthemum
Kuti mukwaniritse maluwa, chisamaliro choyenera chikuyenera kuperekedwa kunyumba: kuwala, kutentha, kuthirira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi zonse, kudyetsa mbewu.
| Choyimira | Chilimwe | Kasupe / Autumn | Zima |
| Malo, kuyatsa | Yakumadzulo, yakumadzulo yazenera. Masana maola 7 mpaka 10 maola. | Chipinda chamdima. | |
| Kutentha | + 20 ... +23 ° С. | + 15 ... +18 ° С. | + 3 ... +8 ° С. |
| Kuthirira | Madzulo, kawiri pa sabata ndimadzi ofunda, okhathamira pambuyo pouma kwa nthaka. | Kamodzi pa sabata. | |
| Chinyezi | Mkulu, muyenera kuthira masamba, kunyowetsa mpweya. | Zosafunika. | |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti, feteleza ndi phosphorous. | Nitrogeni wa masika, kamodzi pa masiku 12. Phosphorous yoyambira ndi potaziyamu. | Zosafunika. |
Momwe mungayikitsire chrysanthemum
Tchire tating'onoting'ono timakagulitsidwa pachaka, akulu zaka 2-3 zilizonse, nthawi zambiri mu Marichi. Mphika umasankhidwa ndi mabowo okwanira 2 cm mulifupi ndi 1.5 l kuya kwambiri kuposa wakale. Ceramic, dongo ndi bwino.
Dothi losakanizika dimba, humus, peat, mchenga wowuma 3: 1: 1: 1. Tetezani mankhwala m'nthaka (madzi otentha ndi manganese kapena mu uvuni). Mutha kugula okonzeka kale m'malo ogulitsira. Dongo lotukulidwa kapena vermiculite limayikidwa pansi; njerwa yosweka ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Wokokedwa ndi kusinthika kwa tchire lonse kapena kugawidwa tating'ono.
Kupangidwa kwa chitsamba chokongola
Kupatsa chitsamba maonekedwe okongola komanso maluwa okhalitsa, ndikupanga. Nsonga zamaluwa zimapindika kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, mpaka masamba adzuke. Nthawi yachiwiri - mapangidwe a masamba asanachitike, m'ma August. Masamba achikasu, mphukira zopyapyala, zopindika zimachotsedwa.
Mitundu yayikulu-yamaluwa imapangidwa ngati mtengo, ikufupikitsa tsinde lalikulu ndikudulira nthambi zam'munsi.
Momwe mungalimbikitsire maluwa a chrysanthemum
Ndikofunika kusunga malamulo angapo kuti chomera chimere mwachangu:
- Madzi ochuluka, kuteteza dothi kuti lisamere.
- Masana maola amachita maola 12.
- Panthawi yopanga masamba, mbewuyo imayenera kuyima pamalo ozizira + 13 ... +16 ° C.
- Ngakhale masamba ali ochepa, chotsani ang'onoang'ono, ingosiyani akulu okha.
- Mukapanda masamba onse, tsegulani.
- Ikani mu chakudya chachikulu.
- Manyowa ndi nayitrogeni musanafike maluwa.
Momwe mungasamalire chrysanthemum pambuyo maluwa
Zomera za mbewuzo zimafupikitsidwa kutulutsa, kusiya masentimita 10-15. Zouma, zowonongeka zimadulidwa. Chidebe chokhala ndi maluwa chimayikidwa m'chipinda chomwe kutentha kwa + 3 ... +8 ° C, kuthiriridwa kamodzi pamwezi. Ngati mukufuna, chokani pamalo omwewo. Kumayambiriro kasupe ndikasendeza.
Kufalitsa kwa chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum akulangizidwa kufalitsa ndi odulidwa, kugawa chitsamba, osowa mbewu.
Atafika zaka zitatu, kumapeto kwa chilimwe amakumba chitsamba, kuyesera kuti asawononge mizu. Dulani mphukira zakale. Njira zake zakhala.
Kudula kwa chrysanthemums kugwa kunyumba
Mwezi umodzi pamaso pa njirayo patatha nthawi yopuma, kasupe mphika amasinthidwa kuti akatenthe, pomwe + 10 ... +12 ° С. masamba 4-6 akapangidwa, kudula kumachitika. Nthaka imakonzedwa kuchokera ku humus, dothi la m'munda ndi mchenga (1: 2: 0.5), kuchokera kumtunda wamchenga pafupifupi 2-3 cm. Odula odulidwa ndi kutalika kwa 8 masentimita, ndikilowetsedwa mu Heteroauksin, Kornevin. Amabzala 1.5 cm m'mbale ndi dothi. Phimbani ndi kanema, ikani kutentha ndi + 17 ... +20 ° C. Onjezerani pafupipafupi. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, mutatha kuzika mizu, mumadzala mumiphika. Zodula zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito paphwando.
Zidutswa mu yophukira zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chakuti mphukira zomwe zimakula kuchokera pachimake cha nthito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kenako mbewuyo idzaphuka mu Epulo.
Zoyeserera ndi Gawo:
- Sankhani chitsamba cha chiberekero.
- Dulani mbali yakumtunda pansi pa muzu.
- Yembekezani mpaka mphukira yatuluka ndikukula ndi 8 cm.
- Kukumba chitsamba ndi malo osungiramo mchere.
- Sungani masabata atatu kutentha kwa + 5 ... +7 ° C. (mu wowonjezera kutentha, chapansi).
- Madzi pang'ono.
- Akafika mphukira zazing'ono zokhala ndi ma cell awiri (2-3), zimakumba pachitsamba, zobzalidwa m'nthaka.
Mbewu
Kawirikawiri kubereka. Gulani m'sitolo, ikani dothi, ikonkhe ndi mchenga, kuphimba ndi filimu. Dothi limasungunuka nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthambi zoyamba zimawonekera patatha milungu iwiri. Masamba atatu akapangidwa, amabzalidwa mosiyana.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Duwa lokhazikika limawonekera mosavuta kumatenda ndi tizirombo.
| Mawonekedwe a masamba | Chifukwa | Njira zoyesera |
| Gray ndi fluffy ating kuyanika. | Gray zowola. | Ikani mankhwala: Topsin-M, Fundazole. |
| Wofota pansi ndi malo achikasu, ofiira. | Seporia | Masamba omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amadulidwa ndikuwonongeka, amathandizidwa ndi mkuwa Chloride. |
| Kuphimba ndi imvi. | Powdery Mildew | Pukuta madzi a Bordeaux, Topaz, Sling. |
| Amawoneka pamwamba, lalanje pansi. | Dzimbiri. | Gwiritsani ntchito mkuwa wa oxychloride, Abiga Peak. |
| Chikasu, ulesi, mphukira zimafa, mizu imakhudzidwa. | Verticillosis. | Amachita ndi Glyocladin, Trichodermin, wozika. |
| Pendekera, chikasu chikasu, kugwa. | Mafangayi m'nthaka. | Zigawo zomwe zakhudzidwazo zimadulidwa, ndikuziika m'nthaka yatsopano ndi pH ya 6.5-7. |
| Malo ang'onoang'ono. | Mose. | Odwala amadulidwa, kuziika. |
| Malo owoneka ngati bulau, owuma, amagwa. | Nematode. | Zomwe zimakhudzidwazo zimachotsedwa, kuziika, kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. |
| Kupotoza, kupunduka, osatsegula masamba. | Ma nsabwe. | Yokonzedwa ndi Actellik, Fitoverm. |
| Madontho opepuka pansi, otuwa pansi. | Zopatsa. | Intavir, Decis imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza. |
| Mtundu wachikasu wokhala ndi mawanga oyera. | Spider mite. | Amathandizidwa ndi yofewa soapy solution, Fufan, Fitoverm. |
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: chrysanthemum chitetezo chodzitchinjiriza
Chrysanthemum ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Muli ma phytocides, amatsuka mpweya wa zinthu zovulaza, mpweya. Mukakometsera kununkhira kwa maluwa, munthu amachepetsa, ndiye kuti chomera chimathandizanso kupsinjika.
M'maluwa mumakhala mafuta ofunika omwe amalimbitsa chitetezo chathupi komanso amathandizira chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso ma antioxidants, mavitamini, tiyi wa chrysanthemum amachitira chimfine, chifuwa. Kuti muchepetse kugona, muyenera kutafuna ma cell angapo a chrysanthemum.
Ku Japan, duwa ndi chizindikiro cha kukhala ndi moyo wautali, chisangalalo, chithunzi chake chilipo pachidindo cha Imperi. Malinga ndi zizindikilo za maiko akummawa, ngati mungatenge limodzi ndi inu - kuti muchite bwino muchikondi, ndipo mtsikana akasamba ndikasamba, zimakopa amuna.
