Pennisetum ndi msipu wobera udzu wobwera kumpoto kwa Africa. Zokhudza banja la a Cereal. Wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati woimira zokongoletsa za mtundu wa Cirruscetinum kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800.
Wotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwapadera.
Kufotokozera kwa Penisetum
Imakula kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 80-200. Imakhala ndi masamba opapatiza pafupifupi 50-60 cm. Utali wake 6 mm kutalika, wokhala ndi maluwa amodzi, amasonkhanitsidwa mumalo owoneka ngati chidutswa cha masamba a 3-6 chilichonse, mpaka 30 cm kutalika. Khutu limakutidwa ndi villi yambiri yazitali zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yawo ndi yosiyanasiyana: pali mitundu ya pinki-yofiirira, burgundy, bulauni, chestnut komanso mitundu yobiriwira. Zoyambira ndizoyipa, zilinso ndi zazifupi. Phula limaphulika kumapeto kwa Julayi.
Mitundu yotchuka ya pennisetum
Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu, yomwe imadziwika ndi kukula kwake ndi mtundu wa maluwa.
| Onani | Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe | Masamba | Spikelets inflorescence |
| Zosavuta | 100-120 cm. Mizu yayitali komanso yokhazikika, imalekerera kuzizira kwambiri. | Woonda, 50 cm. | Chachikulu, chosintha mtundu nthawi ya maluwa kuchokera pa zobiriwira mpaka zachikaso ndi zofiirira. |
| Grey (mapira aku Africa) | Masentimita 120-200. | Pafupifupi 3 cm. Maroon wokhala ndi tayala lamkuwa. | Zoyimira, khalani ndi mtundu wonenepa. |
| Foxtail | 90-110 masentimita. Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. | Zobiriwira zowala, zazitali, zolozera kumapeto. Mukugwa kwawo amakhala tint wachikasu. | Wofiirira, wapinki, burgundy kapena yoyera ndi utoto wofiira. Mawonekedwe ozungulira. |
| Kummawa | 80-100 cm, wogawidwa ku Central Asia. Zimayambira ndizochepa thupi, mwamphamvu. Hardy yozizira. | Pafupifupi 0.3 masentimita mulifupi, zobiriwira zakuya. | 5-12 masentimita kutalika, pinki ya purplish. Mokwanira wokutidwa ndi bristles mpaka 2,5 cm. |
| Shaggy | Mawonedwe aang'ono: 30-60 masentimita kutalika. | Lathyathyathya, 0.5-1 cm mulifupi. | Ellipsoidal inflorescence 3-8 masentimita. Cirrus villi mpaka 0.5 cm kutalika. Zoyera, zofiirira komanso zofiirira. |
| Bristly | 70-130 cm.Wotentha wachikondi, mizu yolimbana ndi chilala. | 0.6-0.8 masentimita mulifupi. Wobiriwira wopepuka. | Chachikulu, 15-20 cm kutalika. Kupukutira kapena pinki wokhala ndi siliva. |
| Hameln (Hameln) | Zimalekerera chisanu. Yokhazikitsidwa zimayambira 30-60 cm. | Akali, opapatiza. Mukugwa, mitundu imasintha kuchokera kubiriwira kupita wachikaso. | 20 cm kutalika, 5 cm mulifupi. Beige, wachikaso, wofiirira kapena wowala lalanje ndi pinki. |
| Mutu wofiyira | 40-70 cm.Chilala chophukira, mizu yake chimapangidwa bwino, chimazizira kuzizira mpaka -26 ° C. | Gray wobiriwira, wokhazikika ndikuwonetsa kumapeto, koyipa. | 10 cm masentimita 10. Wofiirira, wopinki kapena burgundy wokhala ndi tinthu tambiri tatsitsi. |
| Chitsika | Masentimita 70. Mtundu wolimba kwambiri nthawi yozizira wokhala ndi zitsamba zowala ndi chitsamba chachikulu. | Kuwoneka, wobiriwira wakuda, yopapatiza. Mukugwa amapeza utoto wofiirira. | Masikono, kukula kwake, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe. |
Kubalanso ndi kubzala pennisetum panthaka
Mbeu zimafesedwa nthawi zambiri masika, kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, nyengo ikakhala yabwino komanso yotentha.
- Choyamba yambani ndi kuyika malowo kuti atulutsidwe. Nthawi zambiri malo ndi mpanda.
- Kenako mbewuzo zimabalalika ndikuyika m'manda pang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito phula.
- Maluwa oyambitsidwa maluwa amathiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi kuti asasanduke.
- Mbewu zoyambirira zikaoneka, zimachotsedwa kuti mtunda pakati pa tchire ndi 70-80 cm.
Mbande za Pennissum zakonzedwa pasadakhale muFebruwari-Marichi ndikubzala mu Meyi.
- Konzani nthaka yathanzi potengera ndi peat.
- Mu chidebe chilichonse, mabowo okwirira amapangidwa ndipo palibe njere zopitilira 2.
- Amapanga malo obiriwira: amawaza dothi tsiku lililonse, kuphimba chidebe ndi zojambulazo, kukonza zowala, kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kupumira mpweya pafupipafupi.
- Mphukira zimatuluka pafupifupi sabata limodzi.
- Chotsani pogona ndikukhazikitsa zowunikira zowonjezera (phytolamp).
- Chitsamba chikafika mpaka 10-15 masentimita, chimabzalidwa panthaka.
Pennisetum imafalitsidwa. Patulani zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri.
- Nthata zazing'ono, pamodzi ndi mizu yopangidwira, zimakumbidwa mosamala kuti zisawononge mbewu.
- Dothi limamasulidwa ndikuthira manyowa ndi peat, utuchi kapena humus.
- Muzu wabzalidwa ndikuyika m'manda kwathunthu, ndikungosiyira gawo lobiriwira pansi.
- Madzi akamira kwa milungu iwiri, mpaka chitsamba chimamera.
- Achinyamata amatenga thukuta m'miyezi iwiri, kenako kuthilira kumatha.
Zimafalitsa podzilimbitsa nokha ndipo sizifunikira kulowererapo kwina. Izi zimachitika pachisamba chamuyaya.
Samalirani penisetum m'munda
Kuti sinamoni ikule wathanzi komanso kusangalala ndi inflorescence yake yachilendo, ndikofunikira kuisamalira bwino.
| Choyimira | Zochitika |
| Dothi | Gwiritsani ntchito magawo onse kapena onjezani ndi phulusa. Kumasulira ndi udzu sabata iliyonse pamsongole. |
| Malo | Adabzala m'malo abwino owunikira komwe kumakhala dzuwa. Komanso, musamayike chomera chachikulire pansi pa awnings kapena greenhouse. Pennisetum imakhazikitsidwa bwino pafupi ndi mipanda, mipanda kapena nyumba. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chitsamba popanga mawonekedwe ake, malo ake akhoza kukhala osiyanasiyana. |
| Kutentha | Adabzala mu Meyi, pomwe mpweya udalibe nthawi yoti ubwerere, koma sizinatheke kuti chisanu chisakhale. Chitsamba chimakhala chosazindikira, koma sichimalola nyengo yotentha kwambiri ndipo chimayenera kupukutidwa bwino. |
| Kuthirira | Palibe zowonjezera zofunika. Dothi limanyowetsedwa kokha ndikosakhalapo kwa mvula kapena kutentha kwambiri (Julayi-August). |
| Feteleza | Gwiritsani ntchito mavalidwe apamwamba azitsulo okhala ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu kapena phosphorous. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati: manyowa, humus. Amadyetsedwa Kristallon, Plantafol, Ammophos, Kemira. |
| Thirani | Zikuchitika pokhapokha ngati nthawi zina (mwachitsanzo, nthawi yachisanu), chifukwa chazomwe chimamera sichitha ndipo chimatha kufa. |
| Zima | Mitundu yosatha ndi mitundu imakutidwa ndi malo apadera, ndipo dothi lozungulira chomeralo limakonkhedwa ndi masamba owuma kapena masingano kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo chamizu. Zimayambira sizidulidwa - izi zimateteza monga chida cha penisetum. Chapakatikati, matalala akayamba kugwa, gawo louma ndi malo okhala nthawi yachisanu amachotsedwa. Ngati mbewuyo ndi ya pachaka, imabzalidwa pasadakhale chomangidwa chachikulu ndikubwera m'chipinda chofunda ndi chisanu. |
Mavuto okukula a penisetum, matenda ndi tizirombo
Ngakhale pennisetum imalimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, milandu ya kufa kwa chitsamba sichachilendo, chifukwa chake, mbewuyo imayang'aniridwa mosamala ndikuchotsa pomwe ikutuluka.
| Zizindikiro | Chifukwa | Njira kukonza |
| Zomwe zimayambira, chitsamba chimazirala. | Kwambiri kuthirira. | Chepetsani chinyezi kapena musiyimitse chilala isanayambike. |
| Masamba amatembenukira chikasu, ndikugwa. | Nthaka imakwiriridwa. | Kutsirira kumakonzedwa kawiri pa sabata kwa mwezi umodzi, ndiye kubwezeretsa muyezo, ngati chitsamba chikufunikira. |
| Chomera sichichira nyengo yachisanu. | Zisanu nthawi yozizira kwambiri. | Nthawi yotsatira akakula pennisetum mumphika kapena mphika, womwe kumapeto kwa Okutobala umasamutsidwa kuchipinda chonse nthawi yozizira mpaka koyambirira kwa Meyi. |
| Mawanga amdima pamasamba. | Matenda: dzimbiri. Kuchuluka kwamagetsi. | Anawaza ndi fungicides. Ikani chitsamba mu dothi latsopano. |
| Zofiyira zazing'ono zimawonekera pamasamba ndi tsinde. Mawonekedwe achikaso kapena ofiira, mphukira zimatha. | Chotchinga. | Gwiritsani ntchito yankho la sopo ndi mowa, tincture wa fern ndi mankhwala monga Permethrin, Bi 58, Phosphamide, Methyl mercaptophos. |
| Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono zobiriwira timawonekera pachithunzi chonse. Zimayambira ndipo masamba amafota, mbolo imawonongeka. | Ma nsabwe. | Amachulukitsa kuthilira, kuthana ndi maluwawo ndi yankho la sopo kapena tincture wa mandimu. Kukonzekera kwamatumbo kwapadera (Intavir, Actofit) ndizoyenera kwambiri pakuwongolera tizilombo. |
| Chomera chimakutidwa ndi tsamba loonda, ndipo mabwalo a lalanje amawonekera kumbuyo kwa tsamba. | Spider mite. | Nyowetsani chitsamba ndikuchiphimba ndi polyethylene masiku angapo. Amathandizidwa ndi Neoron, Omayt, Fitoverm mankhwala a mwezi umodzi malinga ndi malangizo. |
| Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono pamitengo, inflorescence ndi tsinde. Chikwangwani choyera ndi ma sera | Mealybug. | Kukula ndi mbali zina za chomera zimachotsedwa. Nthaka imathandizidwa ndi yankho la mowa, majeremusi amachotsedwa. Actara, Mospilan, Actellik, Calypso ndi abwino kumenya nkhondo. |
