Koleria ndi herbaceous osatha ochokera ku banja la a Gesneriev. Kwawo ndi kotentha kwa Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela. Mitundu yoposa 60 imawerengera zachilengedwe. Imakhala ndi phale losazolowereka, lalitali. Anatchulidwa pambuyo pa 19 wazaka zam'madzi wa zaka za m'ma 1800 Michael Kohler. Dzina lachiwiri ndi kukongola ku Colombia.
Kufotokozera kwamitundu
Kohleria amakula mumithunzi ya mitengo yopanda nkhalango zamvula zotentha, zitsamba kapena zitsamba, kutalika kwa 60-80 masentimita. Masamba amapezeka pamitu yolumikizana. Ndiwopanda, owongoka, m'mphepete mwa seva, ma pubescent, mpaka 18 cm, mulifupi masentimita 8. Mitundu ya masamba ndi osiyana: zobiriwira zakuda, emerald ndi mitsempha yofiira. Pali mitsempha ya azitona ndi yopepuka pa iwo. Mitundu ya haibridi imakhala ndi siliva, mtundu wamkuwa.
Maluwa osazolowereka (1-3 mu inflorescence) ndi acymmetrical, amafanana ndi belu, chubu mpaka 5 cm, corolla yopendekeka pafupi ndi pharynx ndi kutupa kumapeto kwina. Pharynx ndi yotseguka, yokongoletsedwa ndi timadontho, madontho kapena mikwingwirima; imakhala ndi loboti isanu. Maluwa amatha kukhala amtundu umodzi, ndi pharynx - wina wamawangamawanga. Limamasula mu Julayi ndipo limamasula kumapeto kwa Novembala.
Mizu yake imakhala ndi ma rhizomes kapena tubers yokutidwa ndi mamba. Kunja kofanana ndiini pine.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamaluwa okongoletsera amasiyana mawonekedwe, mtundu wa masamba:
| Onani | Masamba | Maluwa ndi nthawi ya mapangidwe ake |
| Bogotskaya | Kutalika mpaka 10 cm, emerald wakuda. | Chubu ndi ofiira, achikaso, ofiira, mkati okhala ndi malaya owala, lalanje, ofiira. Maluwa m'chilimwe, pachimake mpaka kugwa. |
| Ofiira (agogo) | Wobiriwira wakuda, wokutidwa ndi villi. | Chachikulu, chofiyira ndi madontho a beige. |
| Zambiri | Pamwamba ndi m'mphepete. | Chachikulu, chotentha komanso chokhala ndi madontho ofiira owala, mkati mwa mikwingwirima yakuda ya pharynx. |
| Fluffy | Oval, ofewa, amdima. | Malalanje kapena ofiira. Masamba oyera, ofiira owala bwino chaka chonse. |
| Spikelet | Imvi, yodalilika, yokhala ndi malekezero ake, ndi siliva fluff. | Chubu lalanje, mkati chikasu ndi madontho ofiira. |
| Linden (gloxinella) | Yopyola, yotalika, mpaka 30 cm, yotuwa yapinki pansi pake, yobiriwira kumtunda, imakulunga siliva, mawonekedwe a herring. | Buluu pamwamba, malalanje a lalanje okhala ndi madontho a bulauni. Limamasamba pakati yophukira. |
| Digitalis | Wautali, wobiriwira wopepuka, wokhala ndi kusintha kofiyira. | Pinki yowala, yokhala ndi mikwingwirima ya lilac. Mkati, letesi, ndi madontho ofiirira. Limamasula kumayambiriro yophukira. |
| Zosangalatsa | Kutalika, mpaka 10 masentimita, okhala ndi mitsempha ya bulauni, mikwingwirima yamtundu wa siliva. | Kunja, kofiyira-kofiyira, mkati kowala ndi ma rasipiberi. Limamasula chaka chonse. |
| Tubular | Oval, yoyang'ana pamwamba, yofiyira pansi. | Yokhazikika ndi dzuwa, osakulitsidwa kumapeto. |
| Woolen | Chachikulu chokhala ndi chingwe chofiirira. | Beige yofiirira ndi yoyera mkati, mabulangete a beige. |
| Khwangwala (wotsika pansi) | Fluffy, wokhala ndi mikwaso yowala. | Chowala, lalanje. |
| Tsitsi | Bronze hue. | Scarlet, nsapato zofiirira, burgundy. |
| Varshevich | Wobiriwira wakuda, womwe umayatsidwa kuchokera kumwamba. | Lilac, chubu wapinki komanso petals wobiriwira wachikasu wokhala ndi madontho a bulauni, ofiirira. |
| Zopanda | Zobiriwira, zowala. | Yofiyira kunja, mkati mwa thonje. |
| Flashdance | Zobiriwira zowala. | Zachikuru, zamakoma, zachikasu ndi pamakhala pinki ndi mphonje za fuchsia. |
| Jester | Green ndi tint ya mkuwa, yokhala ndi m'mbali mwake. | Kuwala ndi ma pinki. |
| Karl Lindbergh | Wovekedwa, m'mphepete ndi denticles. | Lavender wakuda, wokutidwa ndi madontho oyera. |
| Mfumukazi Victoria | Mitundu ya udzu wokhuta. | Pinki, chubu mkati mwake ndi chopepuka ndi madontho ofiira. |
| Wowerenga Red | Chonenepa, zobiriwira zakuda. | Wofiira wakuda wokhala ndi khosi loyera. |
| Roundley | Amdima. | Orange, oyera mkati. |
| Matimu achi Persia | Green, yokhala ndi malire ofiira. | Velvet, wofiira komanso rasipiberi wokhala ndi khosi lalanje. |
Kusamalira Panyumba
Koleria ndi wodziletsa, amatulutsa maluwa kwambiri, ndipo wophunzitsira woyamba amayamba kupanga bwino.
| Choyimira | Kasupe / Chilimwe | Kugwa / Zima |
| Malo / Kuwala | Western, kum'mawa kwawindo kumadzaza. Anabalalika, dzuwa, osalemba. | Ngati ndi kotheka, nyani zowonjezera ndi nyali. |
| Kutentha | + 20 ... +25 ° С, popanda madontho. Ngati ndichitali, ndiye kuti mizu sangathe kupereka mphukira zatsopano ndi zinthu zofunika pakukula ndi kukula. | + 15 ... +17 ° С maluwa atatulutsa masamba ake. Ngati palibe nthawi yopumulira, samalani monga mwachizolowezi. |
| Chinyezi | 30% - 60%. Ikani mphika wamaluwa papallet ndi miyala yonyowa, dongo lotukulidwa. Gwiritsani ntchito chinyontho. Osapopera. | |
| Kuthirira | Pakatikati, tengani madzi ofunda, osakhazikika, masiku asanu aliwonse, m'mphepete. Amaonetsetsa kuti dothi siliphwa. Pa mapangidwe a masamba, ngati kuli kotheka, madzi ambiri, osakhudza zimayambira, masamba. | Panthawi yopuma - kamodzi pamwezi. Ngati chomera sichiri hibernation - katatu. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala, kamodzi pa masiku 14 ali ndi feteleza wamadzi maluwa. | Zosafunika. |
Potseguka, utoto umachotsedwa m'chilimwe chokha. Duwa limakulidwa bwino, koma limapanga chitsamba. Kukula ndi malo ogona kutsina. Fupikitsa pamwamba ndi gawo limodzi ndi kutalika kwa 20-30 masentimita ndi chida chotetezedwa kuti masamba asanayambe kupanga ndi kudula nsonga.
Izi ndizofunikira pakudzutsa impso, mapangidwe a masamba atsopano pambali.
M'dzinja, ziwalo zamtchire zimachotsedwa, chifukwa nthawi yozizira imakonzedwanso m'chipinda chozizira.
Thirani ndi dothi
Duwa limabzalidwa kamodzi pachaka, nthawi yabwino ndiye kutha kwa Marichi kapena kuyambira kwa Epulo. Sinthani mosamala chitsamba mu mphika wina, waukulu ndi wosaya. Dziko lapansi siligwedezedwa.
Nthaka amatengedwa wathanzi, lotayirira, acidity yochepa, kusakaniza ntchentche ndi tsamba lamasamba, komanso kuwonjezera peat ndi mchenga (1: 2: 1: 1). Njira ina ndi mchenga wokhala ndi humus, turf ndi sheet land ngokuling, onjezani timagawo ting'onoting'ono. Omwe akutulutsa maluwa amapeza gawo lokonzekera bwino la ma violets.
Miphika imasankhidwa pulasitiki, koma makamaka yachitukuko. Imakhala yokhazikika ndipo imasungabe chinyezi kwakanthawi, sankhani chidebe chokhala ndi mabowo okuikapo, ikani zidutswa za 2 cm, njerwa, dongo lokwera pansi.
Kuswana
Ochita maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi zoberekera: kudula, masamba, kugawikana kwa ma rhizomes, mbewu.
Kufalikira kwa nyumbayo ndi zodula kumachitika mophweka: kudula gawo lakumwambalo, kuyika chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi dothi la pepala, kutengedwa chimodzimodzi. Amathandizidwa ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera (Cornerost), ndipo chotengera chimayatsidwa kuchokera pansi. Onjezani dothi, onjezani Phytosporin ndi madzi kuti muchepetse kuvunda, kuphimba ndi galasi, kapena botolo la pulasitiki lomwe lili ndi mbali yomwe nkhumbayo ili. Nthawi zonse mpweya wabwino. Pambuyo kuzika mizu, milungu iwiri kenako kuziika padera. Yokhazikitsidwa ndi mbale m'madzi.
Momwemonso mbewuyo imadza ndi masamba. Chinsalu chosweka chimayikidwa m'madzi 1-2 cm, ndikuwonjezera chowonjezera.
Zofesedwa ndi mbewu kuyambira pakati pa dzinja mpaka kumapeto. Ndikwabwino kuti muwatengere ku malo ogulitsira apadera. Amayala nthanga m'nthaka ndi pamchenga, kuthiriridwa, kuphimbidwa, osagona pansi. Kukhazikitsa kutentha + 20 ... +24 ° C. Mlengalenga tsiku lililonse, mphukira zikangotha masabata awiri ndi atatu. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mapepala anayi abwinobwino. 
Matimu achi Persia
Mphukira zatsopano, mizu imapangidwa kuchokera ku rhizome. Chomera chachikulu chimachotsedwa panthaka, chimagawika m'magawo angapo (nthawi zambiri chimakhala zitatu). Aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi mphukira ziwiri zathanzi. Ikani odulidwa owaza ndi makala, lolani kuti liume. Aliyense wobzalidwa mugalasi wokhala ndi dothi lokonzekera. Kuzama ndi masentimita 2-3, chivundikiro, kumamwetsa madzi nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofunda.
Zovuta pakukula kwa utoto
Ngati malamulo onse okukula samalemekezedwa, khola limatha kuchepera.
| Kuwonetsera | Chifukwa | Njira zoyesera |
| Masamba amasanduka achikasu. Mawonekedwe a bulauni amawonekera. | Mpweya wouma kwambiri. Dzuwa. | Tsitsani chipindacho, chinyalanyaza kuchokera kuzowala dzuwa. |
| Kodi sikuti pachimake. | Kupanda kuwala, zakudya. Chipindacho chimakhala chozizira kapena chotentha kwambiri. | Kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa kutentha, kudyetsa. |
| Masamba amakhala osadetsedwa. | Mukathirira kapena kupopera, madzi alowa. | Madzi amathiridwa mu poto. |
| Maluwa amafota kapena mphukira amatambasulidwa. | Kuwala pang'ono. | Phimbani ndi phytolamp. |
| Mizu yake ivunda. | Kuchuluka kwambiri. | Kuyika pochotsa matenda. |
| Chomera chimakutidwa ndi imvi. | Matenda a fungus. | Mphukira zowonongeka zimadulidwa, kuthandizidwa ndi fungicide. |
| Madontho a bulauni. | Madzi ozizira kwambiri amathirira. | Madzi amatenthedwa pang'ono. |
| Masamba opunduka, auma. | Ma nsabwe. | Atakutenga ndi dzanja, ndikuwachotsa ndi madzi amchere. |
| Masamba ang'onoang'ono, owala mawanga, azipiringa, amagwa. | Spider mite. | Zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, nthaka imakhetsedwa ndi Aktara. Chepetsa mpweya pafupipafupi. |
| Madontho a siliva, madontho akuda. Mungu umatha. | Zopatsa. | Kukonzedwa ndi Spark. |
| Zodontha, tizilombo tofiirira. | Chotchinga. | Oyera, kenako wowaza ndi tizilombo (Inta-Vir, Confidor). |
| Chikwangwani choyera pa mphukira. | Powdery Mildew | Gawo lomwe limadulidwa, rhizome imachiritsidwa ndi fungicide (Fundazol, Topaz). |
| Kutaya masamba. | Calcium yochulukirapo m'nthaka. | Sinthani dothi. |
