Masiku ano, msika wa pakhomo umapereka mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangidwa ku Russia ndi zoitanidwa. Mbalame yobereketsa ndi bizinesi yodalirika yomwe imafuna kudziwa ndi zipangizo zoyenera. Alimi ambiri amatha kunena kuti, munthu sayenera kuyesetsa kugula zinthu zamtengo wapatali zakunja, chifukwa ali ndi zipangizo zamakono. M'nkhani ino, tizakambirana za ku Russia kwa "Neuska Bi-1" ndi "Namaha Bi-2".
Kutsatsa "Kuika": chipangizo ndi zipangizo
Kuphatikizira "Kuika" kumapangidwira kubereka ana a atsekwe, abakha, pheasants, nkhuku, ndi zina. Chida chopanga chimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yonyowa, yomwe imapangitsa kukhala ofooka, othandizira komanso nthawi yomweyo, ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino a kutentha. Zonsezi zili ndiwindo la kuyang'ana chidebe, evaporator, mita ya kutentha, psychrometer. Zina mwa zinthu zimenezi zingakhale zosiyana ndi kusintha malinga ndi mtundu wa auto-incubator.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zotengera zotere: Blitz, Cinderella, Ide hen, komanso momwe mungapangire nkhuku, nkhuku nkhuku ndi zotengera kuchokera ku firiji
Bi-1
Odzipangira okhawo mtundu umenewu amapezeka masiyanasiyana awiri: mazira 36 ndi 63. Chitsanzocho ndi mphamvu zing'onozing'ono zimakhala ndi nyali za incandescent, chitsanzo cha Bi-1-63 chimagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwake. Kusintha kutentha mkati kumakhala kophweka: chifukwa chaichi, chipangizo chapadera chimangidwira mu chofungatira. Kuwonjezera apo, onse awiri a Bi-1 ali ndi ntchito ya mazira autoturn.
Mukudziwa? Aigupto akale, pafupi zaka 3000 zapitazo, anayesera kumanga zinyama za mbalame.
Chofungatira "Layer Bi-1" chimakhala ndi psychrometer (chifukwa cha kutentha kwa chinyezi) ndi thermometer (chifukwa cha kutentha kwake). Zonsezi zimakhala ndi digito yowonetsa deta (yokhayokha). Mitundu iliyonse ya makina opanga ma vobosibirsk opangidwa ndi Novosibirsk imayendetsedwa ndi batteries 12-watt. Muzochitika zachilendo, chofungatira chimatha kugwira ntchito maola 20.
B-2
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa kachipangizo kameneka ndi Bi-1 ndi Bi-2 ndivotolo la chidebe cha mazira. Njira yachiwiri yapangidwa kuti ikhale ndi mbalame zambiri mwa njira imodzi. Magalimoto opangira mahatchi omwe ali ndi "2" amasiyanasiyana pawiri: mazira 77 ndi 104.
Chombo chachitsulo chokhazikika "Layer Bi-2" chimakhala ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri komanso wopambana womwe umalola kuti mukhalebe ndi kutentha kwa nthawi zonse. Cholakwika cha kutentha mu chipangizocho sichidutsa zosayenera 0.2 ° C. Kwa ana a nkhuku, mazira omwe alibe kukula kwake, mungagwiritse ntchito mapangidwe apadera a ma latti. Chitsanzo ichi cha chipangizo cha pakhomo mumagwiritsidwe ntchito ma watt 40.
Kampani ya Novosibirsk imapatsanso ogula ake makina a "Bi-2A Bird". Imakhala ndi digimometer ya digito ndi psychrometer, koma imayendetsedwa ndi battery 60. Kuphatikiza apo, Bi-2A ili ndi zida zina zogawikana.
Zolemba zamakono
Dongosolo lachidziwitso lafotokozedwa mu buku la "Laying" bukuli lophunzitsira:
- Imayendetsedwa ndi 220 V (50 Hz). 12 volt kupereka kwa woyendetsa kutentha amadyetsedwa kupyolera converter.
- Mphamvu ndi 12, 40, 60 kapena 65 W (malinga ndi chitsanzo cha chipangizo).
- Malire a kutenthetsa kutentha kwabwino: + 33 ... +43 ° C.
- Kulakwitsa kovomerezeka koyika chipinda sikudutsa 0,2 ° C.
- Kulemera kwa chofungatiracho chimasiyana ndi 2 mpaka 6 kg.
- Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kutentha mkati mwa chidebe sikudutsa 1 ° C.
- Mtundu wa woyang'anira kutentha - digito kapena analog.
- Kuthamanga kwafupipafupi mu makina opangira makina ndi maola awiri ndi awiri.
Zabwino ndi zamwano
Poyerekeza zikhomo "Kuika" ndi zipangizo za analoji, ubwino wotsatirawu ukhoza kusiyanitsa:
- mtengo wokwanira;
- chilengedwe chonse;
- kukula kochepa, kulemera kwake;
- mkulu wa kutentha kutsekemera.
- kusakaniza kosautsa;
- fragility ya chipangizocho.
Ndikofunikira! Sensor ya kutentha imayenera kukhala yowonekera molingana ndi chivundikiro chazitsulo!
Pofuna kupewa choyamba cha mfundozi, wopanga amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera pokhapokha atagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira.
Kukonzekera ntchito
Nthawi yomweyo mutagula chipangizochi, chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kufufuzidwa kuti chichitidwe ndi kugwirizana ndi kasinthidwe. Kenaka ikani mgawani wagawani pansi pa nyumba. Komanso, malingana ndi malangizo, yikani AUP (chogwiritsira ntchito pokhapokha kuti mutembenuzire zipangizo zamakulitsidwe) ndi chivundikirocho.
Tsopano chipangizochi chikukonzekera kugwira ntchito, choncho sitepe yotsatira idzakhala yogwirizana ndi makina a 220 V. Pambuyo pake, timayendera kutentha kwa madigiri (pafupifupi + 36 ... +38 ° C) ndikudikirira mphindi 20-30. Pamene auto-incubator imatha kufika kutentha, chizindikiro chikuwalira, chomwe chidzasonyeze kuti chipangizochi chiri pa njira yoyendetsera ntchito. Tsopano muyenera kugwirizanitsa mphamvu ya batri, kutsatira malamulo a polarity (musaiwale kuti muchotse chipangizochi kuchokera mu maunyolo 220 V).
Kukonzekera Kutsitsimula
Ngati mwakhala watsopano kwa makampani oyendetsa nkhuku, ndipo simunayambe mwachitapo kanthu ndi makina opangira makinawa, ndiye muyenera kufufuza mosamala malangizo opangira ntchito ya Laying Device. Pambuyo pake, mukhoza kuyamba kukonzekera makulitsidwe, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kutentha, komanso kusankhidwa kwa mazira.
Kusintha kwasintha
Kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kutentha kumachitika m'magulu angapo. Kuti mutero, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito thermometer yachipatala. Choyamba onetsetsani kuti thermometer yanu ikuwonetseratu deta (mukhoza kutenga pang'ono ndikuziyerekezera ndi kutentha kwa thupi lanu). Kenaka ikani thermometer pansi pa chofungatira pamalo omwe ntchito yake idzawonedwe.
Pambuyo pake, muyenera kutsegula chowongolera mkati mwa 220 V ndikugwiritsira ntchito makina otetezera kutentha kwa mtengo wofunikila (ndi bwino kuyatsa kutentha kwapakati, zomwe ndi +37.7 ° C). Yembekezerani mphindi 15-25, pamene chizindikiro cha chipangizochi chikuwalira, pambuyo pake muyenera kuyang'ana zizindikiro za thermometer. Ngati kusiyana pakati pa malo ndi kutentha kumapezeka kuposa 0,5 ° C, ndiye kuti nkofunika kupanga kusintha kwa kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito mphuno yotentha.
Mukudziwa? Kupanga mafakitale opanga opangira opangira mavitamini ku USSR kunayamba mu 1928.
Pambuyo pa kutentha kwafunidwa kumaikidwa mu auto-incubator, m'malo mwa thermometer ya mankhwala ndi imodzi yomwe imaperekedwa ndi chipangizocho. Yerekezerani kuwerengedwa, ndipo ngati pali kusiyana pakati pawo, ndiye muyang'ane mu njira zina.
Kusankha mazira
Sungani mazira kuti mupange makulitsidwe nthawi zambiri. Ngati sizichotsedwa posungirako, pali chiopsezo cha hypothermia (m'nyengo yozizira, masika, autumn) kapena kutenthedwa (m'chilimwe). Mazira okololedwa mwatsopano amasungidwa pamalo okonzedwa bwino pamlengalenga a 8+ + 12 ° C ndi chinyezi - 75-80%. Sitiyenera kukhala zowonongeka ndi kuyatsa kanthawi kochepa m'malo osungirako.
Mukhoza kusunga mazira musanapangidwe masiku asanu ndi awiri. Bakha ndi mazira a tsekwe angathe kusungidwa bwino pa masiku 8-10. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kusungirako kusakanikirana kwa nthawi yaitali kumachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyambe kulowa mkati mwa mazira.
Werengani za zovuta za nkhuku, nkhuku, nkhuku, abakha, nkhuku, nkhuku, nkhuku.
Posankha mazira, onetsetsani kuti mawonekedwe a chigoba ndi olondola. Chinthu chophatikizira choyenera kuswana nyama zinyama ziyenera kukhala ndi loyendetsa yunifolomu ya sing'anga makulidwe ndi unyinji.
N'zotheka kupanga kafukufuku wambiri wa mazira opangira makulitsidwe mothandizidwa ndi ovoscope. Kugwiritsa ntchito, m'pofunikira kusankha mazira omwe ali ndi chipinda cha mpweya wa kukula kwake. Kuwonjezera apo, ayenera kukhala ndi yolk yomwe sichimamatira ku chipolopolo, ndipo imakhala ndi mphepo yosalala yozungulira.
Mazira atagona
Mulimonsemo musachite chipolopolo disinfection ndondomeko pamaso atagona makulitsidwe zakuthupi. Njira zoterozo zidzatsimikizira kuti antibacterial kapena mankhwala ena amalowa mu chipolopolo ndi dzira. Ndipo izi zidzatsimikizira kuti mbeu sizingatheke.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati pali dothi lakutentha lokhazikika mpaka ± 10 ° C m'chipindamo, ndiye kuyembekezera kutentha kutentha pansi mpaka ± 1-2 ° C.
Mazira omwe ali okonzedwa pa tebulo ayenera kuikidwa mbali zonse ndi zizindikiro "O" ndi "X". Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti musamayende bwino komanso musasokonezeke. Pambuyo poika zipangizo zamakina, makina otentha amaikidwa ndipo chivindikiro chotsitsimula chimatsekedwa.
Malamulo ophatikizidwa
Pofuna kubereka bwino, malamulo otsatirawa ayenera kutsatira:
- Nthawi zonse muziyang'ana kutentha mkati mwa chofungatira. Komanso musaiwale kubwezeretsanso madzi (ngati kuli kotheka, chotsani chipangizochi kuchokera kumalo osungira katundu).
- Onetsetsani kuti dongosolo la AUP silikugwedeza ndi kugwedeza zakulumikizidwe panthawi iliyonse ya nthawi yomwe yapatsidwa.
- Nthaŵi zina amasintha mazira mkatikati mwa kanyumba. Zomwe zinali pafupi ndi khoma, zimasintha ndi zomwe zinali pakati. Ndikofunika kuti tichite izi, popeza mkati mwa dongosolo pali kusiyana kwa kutentha kwapakati pavotolo (pakati, kutentha kungakhale gawo lapamwamba kuposa digiri). Ndipo kumbukirani kuti ndi bwino kutsegulira mazira, chifukwa pamene mukukweza mungathe kuwononga minofu ya m'mimba.
- Masiku awiri asanafike kumapeto kwa makinawa, kutembenuka kwa dzira sikuletsedwa.
- Pa nthawi yonse yopuma, m'pofunika kuwirikiza kawiri kafukufuku wa mazira. Izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi ovoscope ndi nyali yamagetsi (150-200 W). Pa masiku 7-8 pamene mukuyang'ana dzira mothandizidwa ndi ovoscope, tinthu tating'onoting'onoting'ono takuda tifunika kuoneka mu yolk. Pa tsiku la 11-13, dzira lonse liyenera kukhala mdima. Zizindikiro zimenezi ndi zizindikiro za kukula kwa nkhuku. Ngati dzira limakhala lowala pa kuyang'ana kachiwiri, ndiye kuti "akuyankhula", ndipo ayenera kuchotsedwa kuchoka pamoto.
- Ngati pulogalamu ya auto-incubator ikamagwira ntchito, magetsi amatha kutayika, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito jenereta ya mafuta kapena kusuntha chipangizocho kumalo otentha, ndikuchiphimba ndi nsalu yowonjezera.
- Ngati nkhuku zing'onozing'ono zikudutsa mu chipolopolo tsiku lomwelo, nkofunika kuchepetsa kutentha kwa chofungatira ndi 0,5 ° C. Ndikumapeto kwa mawonekedwe aang'ono, kutentha kumawonjezeka ndi 0,5 ° C.
- Pamene nkhuku zoyamba zikuwonekera, zimayenera kuikidwa pamalo otentha (+37 ° C) kwa masiku pafupifupi 7-10. Kutentha kumatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nyali.
- Pambuyo pomaliza ndondomeko ya makulitsidwe, chipangizocho chiyenera kumatsukidwa bwino ndikusungidwa.
Chinsinsi cha kubereketsa nkhuku, goslings, ducklings, broilers, quails ndi musk abakha ndi bwino kudya.
Njira zotetezera
Kumbukirani kuti Incubus auto-incubator ndizomwe zimagwirira ntchito zamagetsi, ndipo pakugwiritsa ntchito muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena ndi zizindikiro:
- Zaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito abrasives ndi njira zomwe zimakonzedwa kuti ziyeretsedwe ndi keramiki ndi matayala kuti azitsuka chophimba.
- Musalole njira iliyonse yothandizira mu thupi la mawotchi.
- Zaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito katundu wolimba pa chipangizochi, chifukwa izi zingawonongeke ndi kuswa kwa waya kapena kusagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chachinthu chachidule kapena mavuto ena omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
- Zaletsedwa kusokoneza mawonekedwe a chofungatira, chomwe chikugwirizana ndi intaneti.
Mukudziwa? Kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo zapitazo, oposa 1,7 biliyoni ogwira ntchito m'magalimoto anagwira ntchito mu USSR.
Chotsitsimutsa cha Incubus ndi chipangizo chabwino kwa oyamba kumene akufuna kubereka ana awo. Chida ichi chimatha kugwira ntchito yokwana 80 peresenti popanda kuthandizidwa ndi munthu. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kufunika kwake kukukopa kwambiri alimi a nkhuku.
