Hirita: kufotokoza, mawonekedwe a chisamaliro

Chirita ndi maluwa am'banja la a Gesneriev. Itha kukhala pachaka komanso yosatha, gawo logawikirako ndi lotentha la Asia.

Kufotokozera kwa Hirita

Mtengowo udafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1822 ndi katswiri wazomera David Don. Ndipo m'zaka za XX, obereketsa adachitapo kanthu pophunzira maluwa awa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuwoneka kwa mitundu yosakanizidwa.

Tsinde la mbewuyo ndi locheperako komanso lamphamvu. Masamba ake ndiwobiliwira, mawonekedwewo amasiyanasiyana kutengera mtunduwo, ndi osalala komanso owoneka bwino. Maluwa amawoneka ngati mabelu, mtundu wake ndi wapinki, oyera, lilac, wachikasu.

Zosiyanasiyana za Hirita Zosamalira Panyumba

M'malo mchipinda, mutha kukula mitundu yaying'ono ya hirita:

Gulu	Kufotokozera	Masamba	Maluwa
Lavender	Pachaka, thunthu pamwamba, pang'ono pubescent.	Oval. Mtundu - wobiriwira wopepuka.	Zoyikidwa pamwamba pa mphukira ndi nkhwangwa zamasamba. Lofatsa lavenda.
Primulina	Amamasuka pafupifupi chaka chonse, pang'onopang'ono.	Zoyikidwa symmetrically, zimakhala zosalala komanso zopepuka pang'ono. Mtundu ndi wobiriwira. Amakula ndipo nthawi zina amapanga tiubwino tambiri. Zing'ono zazing'ono mpaka zazing'ono. Pamwamba mutha kuwona mtundu wamitundu yasiliva.	Amakumbutsa chubu chopapatiza ndikukhala ndi 5 petals. Wophatikizidwa mu inflorescence, mtundu wosiyana, koma mitundu yowala. Nthawi zina, mikwingwirima yakuda imawoneka pamwamba pa masamba.
Sinensis hisako	Amawerengedwa kuti ndi okongola kwambiri.	Osiyanasiyana, osasunthika, okhala ndi vivi yayitali. Chachikulu, chobiriwira ndi siliva.	Zofanana ndi mabelu, lavenda, mmero - chikasu chowala.
Aiko	Zophatikiza	Ellipsoid, mtundu - wobiriwira wakuda. Thupi, pang'ono pang'ono.	Mtundu wokulirapo, wachikasu.
Wopereka siliva	Chomera cha Shrub.	Drooping, lanceolate. Mtundu - wobiriwira wowala bwino ndi mawonekedwe a amayi a ngale.	Mabelu a lavenda okhala ndi khosi lalanje.
Tamiana	Amamasuka pachaka chonse, ndiye kuti matalala sanawonekere.	Diametimita 10 mpaka 15 cm, mawonekedwe ake ndi ozungulira-mtima. Thupi, pali kupepuka pang'ono.	Ma peduncle otsika, pomwe masamba atatu oyera okhala ndi mawalo amtambo amawonekera.
Wachichaina	Osakula akukula mpaka 15-20 cm.	Oval, minofu, pangani kolimba yolimba. Choyera chobiriwira ndi mawanga asiliva. Mphepete imawongoleredwa.	Mphukira zapakatikati, lavenda-lofiirira.

Kusamalira Panyumba

Mukamasamalira maluwa kunyumba, muyenera kuganizira nthawi ya chaka:

Choyimira	Chilimwe cha masika	Kugwa nthawi yachisanu
Malo / Kuwala	Zoyikidwa kumadzulo kapena kum'mawa zenera. Patsani kuwala kowala koma kosakanikirana.	Phimbani ndi phytolamp.
Kutentha	+ 18 ... +24 ° С.	+15 ° C.
Chinyezi	Gawo lake ndi 55-65%. Duwa limayikidwa pa pallet ndi peat yonyowa kapena dongo lokulitsidwa. Chomera sichimapopera pomwe chimayamba kupweteka.	Gawo 55-65%.
Kuthirira	Kamodzi pa masiku awiri, pokhapokha atayanika pamwamba.	Kamodzi masiku 7 aliwonse.
Mavalidwe apamwamba	Kamodzi pamwezi, ndi feteleza wambiri mu potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.	Siyani.

Thirani, dothi

Kuika kumachitika pamene mizu imakhala m'chigawo chonse (zaka 2-3 zilizonse). Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndi masika. Mphika kunyamula pansi komanso kuya. Mukamasuntha maluwa, muyenera kusamala kwambiri kuti musavulaze mizu yofooka ya hirita.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopepuka, pang'ono acidic komanso yopumira. Ndi gawo lokonzekera pawokha, mu 2: 1: 1: 1 tengani izi:

dothi lamasamba;
mchenga wowuma kapena perlite;
peat;
humus.

Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito zomangira kapena njerwa.

Kudulira

Zomera sizitanthauza kudulira pafupipafupi. Njira yoyenera: Maluwa asanachitike kapena atayamba maluwa (chiyambi cha masika - kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira). Chotsani masamba owuma ndi achikasu, ma pedicel akufa.

Nthawi ya njirayi, amachita mosamala kuti asavulaze zina za mbeuyo, zimakhala zosalimba.

Kuswana

Kufalitsa kwa Hirita kumachitika m'njira zingapo:

ndi mbewu;
kudula;
njira zamasamba;
wopondera.

Njira yotchuka kwambiri imawerengedwa kuti ndi odulidwa. Kuchepa kwake kumachitika chifukwa chakuti chomera chodulidwa, chouma ndi chofukufuku chomwe chimayikidwa m'nthaka. Pasakhale zowonongeka pamakina pakubzala. Zodulidwa zimathiridwa madzi osalola kuyanika padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, pogwiritsa ntchito polyethylene, mutha kupanga malo obiriwira omwe amapereka maola owerengera nthawi ya 12 koloko.

Pambuyo pa kutuluka ndi kulimbitsa mbande, imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Zovuta pakukula kwa hirita, matenda ndi tizirombo

Pakulima kwakunyumba, hirita imatha kugwidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ndipo chisamaliro chosayenera chimadzetsa zovuta zingapo zowonjezera:

Kuwonetsera	Chifukwa	Njira zoyesera
Kuzungulira kwa mizu ndi zimayambira.	Kuchuluka kwambiri.	Sinthani njira yothirira.
Kuwala kwofiirira kwamtundu wa masamba.	Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira.	Amawongolera kutentha kwa madzi, ayenera kukhala osachepera +20 ° C.
Kukula kuchokera mbali imodzi yokha.	Kupanda kuyatsa.	Duwa limasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi mosiyana ndi gwero lina.
Kuuma kwazomera.	Chesa	Masana, chomeracho chimasinthidwa. Masamba okhudzidwa amachotsedwa.
Zithunzithunzi za bulauni mkati mwa pepalalo, zomata komanso zowoneka bwino.	Chotchinga.	Njira ndi yankho la Actar kapena Actellik. Pogwiritsa ntchito bulashi yakale kapena mano a thonje, tizilombo timatsukidwa ndi manja.
Zopota zoyera zomwe zimawoneka ngati zokutira, zokutira zomata.	Mealybug.	Utsi ndi mankhwala Fitoverm kapena Biotlin.
Kupaka masamba ndi kuyanika masamba, tsamba lowala mkati.	Spider mite.	Ikani othandizirana ndi mankhwala Karbofos ndi Neoron, gwiritsani ntchito sopo.
Zomangira zoyera pansi pa masamba.	Zopatsa.	Spray ndi Vermitek ndi Bankol.
Tizilombo toyera kuyambira mmera wonsewo.	Whitefly	Kuwononga tizirombo, njira za Akarin ndi Actellik zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Yeretsani mawanga.	Gray zowola.	Chotsani madera onse owonongeka. Gawo lathanzi limachiritsidwa ndi fungicide iliyonse yamphamvu.