Hemanthus kapena "lilime lonama" ndi duwa lochokera ku banja la Amaryllis, mtundu wa Bulbous. Imamera m'malo otentha a ku Africa, nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mapiri. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha masamba ofanana ndi lilime lakhwangwala. Chi Greek chimamasulira ngati "maluwa wamagazi."
Chomera chobiriwira ichi nthawi zonse chinabweretsedwa ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 18 ndi Karl Linney, katswiri wazotupa wotchuka. Zinapezeka kuti ndizosavomerezeka, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi dziko latsopano. Zosiyanasiyana zake sizimangokhala zofiira zokha, komanso zoyera, lalanje.
Kufotokozera kwa Hemanthus
Hemanthus amakula kuchokera ku babu, ali ndi masamba opindika, ophatikizidwa awiriawiri moyang'anana, mtundu wawo umasiyana malinga ndi mitundu. Amasiyananso mawonekedwe: lonse, lozungulira mbali, lalitali, lokhala ndi mmbali, limasinthidwa chaka chilichonse. Wophimbidwa ndi fupifupi yofiyira, yosalala, yomata. Mababu ndi wandiweyani, ndi masikelo.
Limasamba mchilimwe, mitundu ina yophukira. Maambulera inflorescence amawonekera mu Julayi kapena Ogasiti, fungo silabwino kwambiri, zipatso za lalanje zimacha pofika Disembala, mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka. "Lilime lokhazikika" limatha kudzipatsa.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hemanthus
Pali mitundu yoposa makumi anayi ya hemanthus. Kuphatikiza m'nyumba, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera mumsewu. Katarina ndi Belotsvetkovy ambiri pakati pa alimi.
| Gulu | Kufotokozera |
| Katarina | Chowoneka mosiyana ndi masamba opendekera, ndikuyenda m'mphepete. Ili pa phesi lalitali kwambiri, mpaka 15 cm. Maluwa ofiira owala amawonekera modutsa inflorescence pamivi. |
| Zoyera zoyera | Zoyambira zosiyanasiyana, zosakanizira zambiri zimachokera ku izo. Kutalika konsekonse, kowonda kumasiyira 20 cm, osalala pamwamba, ndi tsitsi m'mphepete. Ma inflorescence oyera okhala ndi ma anthers achikasu pamwamba, chifukwa cha izi amawoneka ngati ali ndi fumbi. Peduncle wamtundu, wandiweyani. Kusangalatsa ndi maluwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa chirimwe mpaka pakati pa dzinja. |
| Prince albert | Amapangidwa kuchokera ku hemanthus yoyera-yoyera, yoberekedwa ndi obereketsa, yodziwika ndi inflorescence yayikulu komanso mtundu wa lalanje. |
| Makangaza | Masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira, masamba a burgundy m'mphepete mwa maambulera a lalanje. |
| Brindle | Mtundu umasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa, ang'ono, maluwa owala owala. |
| Zoyera | Yophika yoyera ndi yochepa fluffy villi. |
| Cinnabar | Imakhala ndi masamba awiri kapena anayi otambalala, mtunda wokwera, wozungulira, wamaluwa koyambirira, mwezi wa Epulo. |
| Multifloral (scadoxus) | Maluwa ofiira owala amakhala pa mzere wautali, masamba opukutidwa. |
| Linden | Zosiyanasiyana malo otseguka, imakhala ndi masamba asanu ndi limodzi komanso zazitali, zofanana ndi maluwa a m'chigwacho, ofiira owala. |
| Scarlet | Amadziwika ndi maambulera ofiira ofiira komanso m'mphepete mwa masamba. |
Hemanthus amasamalira kunyumba
"Lilime lonyezimira m'nyumba" limakonda malo owala, koma sakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kusiya sikophweka, wopanda ulemu kunyumba, amasangalala ndi kukongola kwake.
Duwa limakonda kulolera mpweya wouma, ngakhale pafupi ndi batri. Nthawi zambiri muziyika kum'mawa, kumadzulo chakumadzulo, mu chilimwe mutha kupita nacho kunja.
Nthawi zina muyenera kuyeretsa masamba kuchokera kufumbi ndi chinkhupule chonyowa.
Kutentha kwenikweni ndi + 18 ... +22 ° C. M'chilimwe, amathira madzi osungunula, atakhazikika, atayala dothi ndi masentimita 2. Nthawi zonse mumathira madziwo poto. Kudzanulira sikofunikira.
Kuchulukitsa maluwa sikuopa. Mitundu yobiriwira nthawi zonse safuna kuthirira panthawi ya matalala. Chapakatikati, nthawi yotentha, hemanthus iyenera kukumana ndi michere yosakanikirana ya babu, nthawi 1-2 pamwezi. Ndikofunikira kumasula dothi mumphika.
Maluwa
Hemanthus limamasula nthawi yachilimwe, limamasula mpaka Novembala, fungo ndilotsimikizika. Maluwa amakwaniritsidwa pansi pazinthu zina. Amafunika kuthirira nthawi yotentha, kupumula nthawi yozizira, kuyang'anira kutentha kwambiri kwa nyengo.
Kuvala pafupipafupi kumayambitsa maluwa; Ngati chipatso sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofalitsa, ma peduncle amadula.
Nthawi yopumula
Kuyambira Okutobala, nthawi matalala ayamba, masamba awuma, adulidwa. Kutsirira ndizochepa. Khalani ndi duwa pamoto wa + 12 ... 15 ° C. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono.
Mu February, mmera umasinthidwa, ndiye kuthirira kumayambiranso. M'nyengo yozizira, hemanthus imasungidwa m'malo amdima.
Thirani
Mbewuyi imabzalidwa kamodzi pachaka chimodzi ndi zitatu, pomwe mababu opangidwa amapatukana. Izi zachitika kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi kuti muzu udutse kwambiri.
Dothi lodzala liyenera kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono, nthaka yamasamba, humus, mchenga chimodzimodzi. Kukula kwake kumafunikira paliponse komanso kosaya, ngalande imayikidwa pansi. Babu amabzalidwa mozama gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu.
Kumbukirani kuti mbewuyo ndi poyizoni, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza.
Kuswana
Kufalitsa kwa hememhus kumachitika m'njira zitatu - kudula (masamba), nthangala, mababu.
Masamba akunja amadulidwa, choyamba amathandizidwa ndi makala, owuma, kenako obzalidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga. Mababu amawoneka, amapatukana. Hemanthus adzaphuka m'zaka 3-4.
Kuti mbewu zisataye kumera, zimafesedwa nthawi yomweyo pamtundu wowala wowonjezera kutentha, wosalala, dothi louma komanso kuwonjezera kwa chakudya cha peat ndi fupa.
Mphamvu ndi zopumira sizofunikira. Ikani pansi pa kanema, kusunga chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, maluwa amatuluka zaka zisanu.
Mababu a mwana wamkazi adalekanitsidwa, ndikuwayika kwina. Patatha zaka zitatu, inflorescence idzawonekera.
Hemanthus Care Zolakwa
Ndi chisamaliro cholakwika, hemanthus singathenso - chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri nthawi yozizira, kusowa kwa kuwala, kuthirira, komanso malo ambiri. Nthawi zambiri:
- Kugubuduza mababu kumachitika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbewuyo idakhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
- Kufundira Grey kumachitika chifukwa chathirira.
- Masamba achikasu pamasamba amawoneka akaikika padzuwa kapena kuthirira kwambiri.
- Masamba awiri apansi akutembenukira chikasu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti duwa akukonzekera dziko lopuma.
- Masamba akuda amawonetsa mpweya wozizira kapena chinyezi chachikulu.
- Masamba amagwa kumapeto kwa nyengo - zatsopano zidzawoneka masika.
Zakudya zokulitsa maluwa ziyenera kukhala mainchesi anayi okha kukula kuposa babu.
Matenda a Tizilombo
Zomera zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndikuwukira kwa tizilombo:
- Staginosporosis, ndi Amaryllis yemwe amawopseza - mawanga ofiira ofiira, mikwingwirima imawoneka pamasamba, peduncles, masamba, mababu, otchedwa red rot. M'pofunika kuchotsa malo omwe muli ndi kachilombo, kupanga chomera, ndikudula mbali zomwe zing'onozing'ono za mababu. Kuchita ndi kukonzekera nkhondo yolimbana ndi fungal (Oksik, Fundazolum), mkuwa wa sulfate.
- Spider mite - amapanga tsamba loonda, lopanda utoto. Spray ndi Actellik, Actara.
- Scaffold - choyamba chotsani ndi thonje swab choviikidwa m'madzi sopo, kenako kutsuka maluwa ndi kusamba, kutsitsi ndi malathion.
- Gray zowola - mawanga a necrotic amapangika, mbewuyo imatayidwa, matendawa sangathenso kuchiritsidwa.
- Ma nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kupindika zimawonekanso pa hemanthus. Chitani ndi mankhwala apadera.
Pofuna kupewa matenda, gawo lapansi la duwalo liyenera kutsitsidwa, kufufuzidwa pafupipafupi ndi tizirombo. Kuthirira kwambiri kumatha kuwonongeka kuposa chilala.
