Caladium (Caladium) - woimira banja laudzu la Aroid, omwe amachokera kumapiri amvula a Central ndi South America, pomwe amakula mpaka mamita asanu kutalika. Idayamba kufotokozedwa koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 18 ndi katswiri wazomera zaku France. Chomera chambiri.
M'mbiri yakudziko, caladium imalimidwa ma tubers ake opatsa thanzi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika. Mitundu yokongoletsera imakhala ngati mbewu zamkati ndi zamaluwa. Chodabwitsa cha caladium ndichakuti kuya kwa kukula kwa tuber kumakhudzanso mawonekedwe a mbewu: ngati tuber ndi yakuya, ndikofunikira kuposa masamba, ngati ndiyandikira pansi, masamba ambiri.
Madzi a chomera ndi chakupha. Mayina ena: "mapiko a angelo", "makutu a njovu", "mtima wa Yesu."
Kufotokozera
Kufalitsa chitsamba chosawoneka ndi masamba akulu okongoletsa. Imakula mpaka 1 mita kukwera. Tsegani mpaka 30 cm kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a mtima, wowala. Mtundu wa masamba umatengera mitunduyo ndipo umatha kukhala siliva, pinki kapena rasipiberi.
Osayamba ndi nthawi yopuma. Mu nthawi yophukira, nthaka yonse imadzuma, ndipo masamba amasawo masamba otsika Maluwa amapezeka kumapeto kwa masika, pafupifupi fungo. Amaluwa am'nyumba sakonda kawirikawiri.
Mizu yake ndi tuber yokhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 10cm komanso mizu yopukutira kuchokera pamenepo.
Mitundu ya Caladium ndi mawonekedwe awo
Pali mitundu 15 ya caladium yomwe imakulitsidwa kuti ikhale yokongoletsera. Odziwika kwambiri a iwo: Gubmoldt, toni ziwiri komanso Schomburg.
| Onani dzina | Kufotokozera |
| Gimboldt | Masamba ndi ochepa, mpaka 10 cm; Maonekedwewo akufanana ndi mivi, utoto wozungulira womwe uli wobiriwira kwambiri ndi mawanga asiliva. Zimayambira mu Epulo, nondescript. Mukamapanga zowunikira zowonjezera, sizigwera nthawi yopanda matalala, masamba osungira. |
| Bicolor | Kutengera ndi mawonekedwe oyambira, ma hybrids ambiri adapangidwa. Masamba amasesa, 25-30 cm kutalika, mpaka 17 cm mulifupi. Mtundu wawo ndi wosiyana kutengera mitundu. Itha kukhala yopindika ngati malo oyera ndi ofiira abalalika pamtunda wobiriwira, kapena ofiira ndi malire obiriwira obiriwira. Mitundu yoyera ya Khrisimasi imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba a silvery, pomwe pali mizere yopyapyala yobiriwira ndi mawanga. Limamasula kumapeto kwa dzinja - masika oyambirira. Maluwa amapanga khutu. |
| Schomburg | Masamba ndiwowonongekera, ang'ono kuposa omwe amitundu iwiri. Utoto wofiirira, wobiriwira wobiriwira. Mitundu yotchuka ya haibridi: venous, ofiira, opaka siliva. |
| Linden | Kupezeka m'malo obisika mvula ku Colombia. Chimodzi mwa masamba akuluakulu ndi 60 cm ndi 20 cm mulifupi. Wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi mitsempha yoyera. Petioles ndi wandiweyani, wokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira, mpaka 60 cm. |
| Fluffy | Fleec magawo onse a mbewu. Masamba ooneka ngati mtima, obiriwira, mpaka 30 cm. |
| Marble | Kutalika kwa pepalali ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Masamba oyera, otuwa komanso achikaso amabalalika mosiyanasiyana pamwamba pa pepalalo. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kobiriwira. |
| Chowongolera chapakatikati | Miyeso ya pepalali ndiofanana ndi ya nsangalabwi. Mtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi mtsempha oyera pakati, mawonekedwe amtunduwo ndi m'mphepete mwa tsamba. |
| Munda | Osati osiyanasiyana, koma gulu la hybrids lomwe limamera ku Netherlands ndi USA. |
Kusamalira Panyumba
Chomera ndi chotentha, chofunikira kwambiri ndikupereka kutentha ndi chinyezi chofunikira.
| Magawo | Kasupe | Chilimwe | Yophukira - nyengo yachisanu (nthawi yopumira) |
| Malo / Kuwala | Kuwala koma kosinthika. Mawindo akumpoto ndi chakumpoto chakumadzulo amasankhidwa. Sililekerera dzuwa mwachindunji. Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba opindika osiyanasiyana imafunikira kuunika kwambiri. | Mutagwa masamba onse, pitani kumalo amdima. | |
| Kuthirira | Kutsirira kumakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, pomwe gawo lokwanira limapangidwa. Kuchuluka chinyezi kumatsogolera pakufa kwa mbewu. | Kuthirira kwambiri ngati dothi lakumwamba limayima. Madzi ofewa okha, ofunda. | Pang'onopang'ono muchepetse pafupipafupi kuthirira. Chomera chikalowa matalala, nthawi zina nyowetsani nthaka. |
| Kutentha | Amakonda kutentha ndipo salekerera kukonzekera ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Optimum + 20 ... + 25 ° C. | Pansi pa + 20 ° ะก. | |
| Chinyezi | Amakonda mpweya wonyowa kwambiri (kuchokera 70%). Pukuta mlengalenga mozungulira chomera, makina amadzi pamasamba kumayambitsa kuwoneka kwamtundu woyipa wonyezimira. Pa siteji ya mapangidwe achinyamata masamba, utsi kangapo patsiku. | Zosafunika. | |
| Feteleza | Kamodzi masabata awiri aliwonse, ndi feteleza wa mchere. | ||
Kuswana
Chomera chimafalikira ndi mwana wamkazi tubers, mbewu kapena kugawanika kwa tuber wamkulu. Mbewu zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera.
Pofalitsa caladium, ndikofunikira kusankha poto ndi dothi labwino.
Mphika uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kuposa wa tuber, wokhala ndi mabowo abwino. Chidutswa chonyowa chimayikidwa pansi pamphika.
Dothi losakanikirana bwino ndi dothi la peat, peat, humus mu gawo limodzi ndi ½ gawo la mchenga. Caladium sakonda zosakaniza zopangidwa kale zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'misika.
Ma tubers othandizira
Chapakatikati, zikaikidwa mumphika, ana aakazi amapatukana ndi tuber yayikulu ndikuwabzala mu chiwiya china. Samafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.
Gawoli la Tuber
Tuberi yakale imadulidwa m'magawo angapo (impso ziyenera kukhalabe pazonse), malo odulawo amakonzedwa ndi malasha. Zitatha izi, mbali za tuber zimabzalidwa mumiphika.
Mbewu
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka mitundu yatsopano. Mbewu imabzalidwa mumchenga wosakanizika ndi nthaka, yokutidwa ndi galasi. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwaposachedwa pafupifupi + 30 ° C.
Nthawi zonse pakani nthaka. Pakakhala zabwino, zikumera zimawonekera pakatha masabata atatu. Mphukira zikakulirakulira, zimatha kuzilowetsa mumphika.
Malo ofunikira:
- Kugawidwa kumachitika bwino pambuyo pa nthawi yoyamba yopuma;
- tuber imagawidwa ndi makola;
- ikani mumphika ndi impso;
- kuti "ana" mu kugwa, mudzala tinthuti takuya;
- masamba asanawonekere, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kochepa.
Kulakwitsa posamalira, matenda ndi tizirombo
| Zizindikiro zakunja | Chifukwa | Zithandizo |
| Masamba achikasu ndi owuma. | Kupanda chinyezi. | Pukuta mpweya kuzungulira chomera. |
| Chomera chotsogola. | Chinyezi chachikulu, kusodza. | Zosintha: chepetsa kupopera, kukonzanso kumalo ena. |
| Kutulutsa masamba. | Madzi pamasamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. | Ndikofunikira kupopera mpweya kuzungulira chomera, kupewa kuyanjana nawo. |
| Kupotoza masamba. | Kupanda kuthirira. | Sinthani dongosolo la kuthirira. |
| Pindani masamba pa kuthirira kwambiri. | Kutentha kochepa. | Sinthani malowa. |
| Kukung'amba tuber. | Kupitilira muyeso kapena Hypothermia. | Chotsani gawo lowonongeka la tuber, lipatseni ndi makala, m'malo mwake, mutengapo gawo lapansi ... |
| Masamba ang'onoang'ono omwe amataya mtundu. | Kupanda kuwala. | Sinthani malowa. |
| Masamba owuma masamba. | Kutentha kwa dzuwa, feteleza wopitirira muyeso. | Sinthani kupita kwina, siyani kwakanthawi kudya. |
| Vala zokutira, chikaso. | Ma nsabwe. | Chithandizo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. |
| Zovala zoyera. | Mealybug. | |
| Web | Spider mite. |
Nthawi zambiri, Caladium amadwala muzu pambuyo pobereka. Chifukwa chake, alimi ena amalimbikitsa mwezi ndi theka kuti ayang'ane tubers kuti awonongeke.
Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro
Palibe zizindikiro kapena zamatsenga zokhudzana ndi Caladium.
Chovuta chokhacho chomwe chingakhale chowopsa chake. Ngakhale kunalibe zakuphera, zovuta zoyipa zonse zomwe zimachitika kapena poyizoni ndizotheka. Madzi obzala, kulowa pakhungu, amayambitsa kuyaka, kupsya mtima.
Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mphika ndi chomeracho m'malo osavomerezeka kwa ana ndi ziweto. Ntchito zonse zosinthira kapena kubereka ziyenera kuchitika kokha ndi magolovesi a mphira.
