Matenda ndi tizirombo ta mitengo ya apulo: masika, chilimwe, nthawi yophukira

Ma laboratories osankhidwa angapo amagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kukonza kukana kwa mitundu ya apulo ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Komabe, zonse zimadalirabe chidwi ndi chidwi cha wolimiyo.

Matenda owopsa kumtengo wa apulo ndikulimbana nawo, zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi njira zake zopewera, komanso zomwe zimayambitsa ndi njira za matenda - chidziwitso chochepa chofunikira kwa wolima m'munda aliyense.

Chidule tebulo la matenda apulo

Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda zimatha kukhala zambiri: chisamaliro chosayenera, kuwonongeka kwa thupi, matenda. Kutengera mtundu wa zotupa, mitundu yotsatila ya matenda imasiyanitsidwa:

Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi

Matenda oyamba ndi mitengo ya maapulo ndi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera, kunyalanyaza njira zaukhondo. Musaiwale kuti chilengedwe chimakhala chambiri ndi bowa zosiyanasiyana, koma mwathanzi mtengo umatha kupirira nawo.

Matenda amapezeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa khungwa, kudulira kosayenera kwa nthambi, zolakwika posamalira. Popewa, muyenera kutsatira njira izi:

1. Kudulira nthambi m'chaka.
2. Njira zochizira matenda a mitengo ya ma apulo ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga (nthawi ziwiri pachaka).
3. Kupatula kukonkha (kuchuluka korona chinyezi kumathandizira kukula kwa bowa).
4. Feteleza ntchito.
5. Yodzikongoletsera posakasa dimba.
6. Kukuwotcha chisanachitike chisanu.

Scab

Mafangayi amapatsira zipatso ndi masamba. Matendawa ndiofala m'madera omwe kumatentha kwambiri, komwe kumadziwika kuti ndi konyowa. Fangayi imanyamulidwa ndi spores mothandizidwa ndi mphepo, madzi, tizilombo. Zizindikiro zimawonekera mukangotenga kachilombo.

Zizindikiro

1. Mawonekedwe obiriwira obiriwira pamasamba, pakapita nthawi amasandulika akuda.
2. Pambuyo masamba, zipatso zimakhudzidwa.
3. Zipatsozo ndizopunduka.

Kupewa:

1. Kubzala mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda.
2. Kutola kwakanthawi ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zinyalala za mitengo, masamba okugwa, odulidwa.
3. Kufukula dothi mozungulira thunthu.
4. Chisoti chachifumu chofiyira kuti mpweya uzungulira bwino.
5. Kusankha kwa mapiri podzala mitengo ya maapulo.

Chithandizo: chotsani ndi kuwononga mbali zonse za mtengowo. Chitani ndi mankhwala. Njira ina yopanda poizoni ndikugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwachilengedwe komwe kuli ndi msipu. Bacterium iyi imawononga fungus ya pathogenic. Njira ya Bordeaux imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pachikhalidwe. Uku ndi kusakaniza kwa mkuwa wa sulfate ndi laimu. M'munda wamakono, mankhwala ogwiritsanso ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zovuta: kuchokera mkati mpaka mkati. Uyu ndi Rayok, Skor, Horus. Chawo ndi chakuti satsukidwa ndi mpweya komanso nthawi yothirira.

Pochiza matenda, munthu sayenera kuyiwala kuti bowa amakonda "kuzolowera" ziphe, chifukwa chake ndikothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo osiyanasiyana.

Powdery mildew

Nthawi ya makulidwe a matendawa ndi theka la mwezi. Gwero la matenda silinadziwikebe. Mitengo imatha kutengeka nayo nthawi yotentha, ndikutentha kwambiri. Zizindikiro: zimayeretsa pakhungu, masamba. Popita nthawi, mawanga akuda amawonekera.

Kupewa:

1. Pokonza Bordeaux madzi.
2. Chinyontho chanyontho cha dothi pamtengo, kuchotsa.
3. Mavalidwe apamwamba a phosphorous, kukulitsa kukana kwa mtengo wa apulo.

Mutha kukonza:

1. salfa wa colloidal;
2. fungicides kapena madzi a Bordeaux;
3. phulusa la soda;
4. potaziyamu permanganate yankho (chotsani ndikuwononga mbali zowonongeka za mtengo wa apulo).

Milky kuwala

Imapezeka kum'mwera kwa dzikolo. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chisanu. Bowa spores amalowerera mabala ndi kudzimbira. Nyengo yayitali komanso yozizira imathandizira kukula. Chizindikiro choyamba ndi kuyera kwa masamba. Thunthu likuyamba kuda. Ndi chitukuko chopitilira matendawa, bowa amawoneka.

Kupewa:

1. Kukonzekera bwino mitengo yozizira: kupukutira, mulching.
2. Tikufika pamapiri okha.
3. Feteleza ndi calcium ndi phosphorous.
4. Chithandizo cha mkuwa sulphate.

Chithandizo:

1. Chotsani madera okhudzidwa,
2. Chitani magawo okhala ndi vitriol ndi var.
3. Sansani mtengo wa apulo ndi fungicides (Topaz, Vectra, Bordeaux madzi).

Dzimbiri

Nthawi zambiri, amatenga kachilomboka chifukwa cha mphuthu zomwe zimamera pafupi. Pamasamba pali mawanga ndi mikwingwirima ya utoto wonyezimira wokhala ndi madontho akuda. Khungwa lomwe lakhudzidwa limayamba kukwawa.

Kupewa komanso kulandira chithandizo ndizofanana ndi kuwala kwamkaka.

Cytosporosis

Matendawa amawuma mbewu. Kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa kotekisi kumakhala pachiwopsezo cha kukhala ndi cytosporosis. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mchaka kapena nthawi yophukira, nthawi yozizira mafangayi sagwira ntchito, ndikamayambitsa kutentha kumayamba kukula mwachangu. Kunja kofanana ndi khansa yakuda. Kusiyanako ndikuti ndi cytosporosis, khungwa limamasuka, koma limalekanitsidwa bwino ndi thunthu.

Zizindikiro:

1. Nthambi zimakutidwa ndi ma tubercles amdima, omwe pambuyo pake amatenga tint yofiira.
2. Udzu ndi nthambi zimayamba kuuma.
3. Ming'alu imakhazikika pamtengo, pomwe chimbamu chimayamba kulira.

Kupewa:

1. Kutola kwakanthawi ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zinyalala za mitengo, masamba okugwa, odulidwa.
2. Kufukula dothi mozungulira thunthu.
3. Chithandizo cha fungus.

Kuchiza kumathandiza pokhapokha ngati matendawa adwala: gwiritsani ntchito fungicides, kukonzekera kokhala ndi mkuwa. Nthaka imathiriridwa ndi urea ndi nitrate (ammonia).

Ngati matenda ali pachiwopsezo cha kotekisi: chotsani ndikuwononga malo owonongeka.

Phyllosticosis (mawanga a bulauni)

Njira zotengera matenda: chinyezi chambiri komanso nyengo yotentha, kuwonongeka kwa khungwa. M'dzinja, muwononge masamba omwe adagwa, kukumba pansi, utsi wa mitengo ya apulo ndi urea. Chapakatikati, kuchitira ndi fungicides.

Kupewa ndikofanana ndi cytosporosis.

Khansa yakuda

Kuwonongeka kwa kotekisi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu. Feteleza wambiri amathanso kuyambitsa matendawa. Zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi madontho akuda kuzungulira dera lowonongeka la kotekisi. Popita nthawi, mawanga amakula ndikuphimbidwa ndi zolembera. Katetezedwe: Mitengo yolimba yozizira (samatha kugwidwa ndi khansa yakuda ndi moniliosis). Onani zofunikira pakuyeretsa bwino kwa mitengo yozizira. Chithandizo chitha kuchitika koyambirira.

1. Kuyeretsa, mafuta ndi antiseptic.
2. Finyani mtengo wonse ndi fungicides.
3. Sinthani mitengo yonse ya maapulo pamalopo.

Mankhwalawa ndiwotalikirapo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala osavomerezeka.

Moniliosis (zowola zipatso)

Zimakhudza thunthu ndi maapulo. Zoyambitsa zake ndi izi:

1. kuwonongeka kwamakungwa
2. matenda ena akale
3. kusakhazikika kosiyanasiyana,
4. chisamaliro chosayenera.
5. kusungidwa mosayenera kwa mbewu.

Zizindikiro: chipatso chimaphimbidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni ndi gray kuyimitsa imvi. Chithandizo: sinthani zipatso zowonongeka, gwiritsani ntchito mitengo ya apulo ndi madzi a Bordeaux, ndipo ikatha nyengo yokolola ndi yankho la mkuwa.

Matenda a bacteria

Mitengo ya apulo yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi yovuta kusamalira. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amalowa ndi mbande, mutabzala nthawi yomweyo amatengedwa ndi tizilombo komanso mbalame. Pali matenda otere. Kupewa kwa mabakiteriya onse matenda - chithandizo kuchokera ku tizilombo, kusankha mosamala mbande.

Bacteriosis (Bacterial burn)

Bacteria imalowa mkati mwa mitsempha ya mtengo wa apulo kudzera pakuwonongeka kwa khungwa. Nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi moniliosis. Otsalira ndi tizilombo. Zizindikiro za bacteriosis:

1. Malo ofiira pakati pa mitsempha.
2. Malekezero a achinyamata akuwuma.
3. Makungwa amakhala omata.
4. Masamba owonongeka, masamba ndi zipatso sizigwa.

Ndikofunikira kuchiza ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chotsani mbali zowonongeka.

Khansa ya mu minyewa

Matendawa amatuluka kudzera mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono ndi nthambi zomwe zatsala m'nthaka. Monga lamulo, matendawa amapezeka akamamera mitengo ya apulo pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Zizindikiro ndi zophukira zofewa pamizu. Pang'onopang'ono zimawuma. Osati kuchitiridwa. Mtengo womwe wakhudzidwa udzutsidwa, kuwonongedwa.

Bakiteriya necrosis

Matenda amatenga kudzera pakhungwa lowonongeka. Magawo onse a mtengo wa apulo amakhudzidwa. Mphepete mwa pepalalo limatha, amadzipinda. Madontho mawonekedwe pa mphukira ndi zipatso.

Chithandizo:

1. Chepetsa ziwalo zonse zowonongeka.
2. Sanulani malo odulidwa ndi mkuwa wa sulfate.
3. Valani zigawo ndi utoto kapena putty.
4. Chitani mawanga ndi yankho la zinc chloride.

Matenda a virus

Chachilendo cha matenda awa ndikuti ma virus samakhala m'malo otseguka. Mutha kupatsira mitengo ya apulo kokha pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe sizinakonzedwe.

Katetezedwe kamaphatikizidwa ndikusankha mbande, kuika kwaokha, chithandizo ndi zobwezeretsa tizilombo. Ngakhale wolima wopanda nzeru amatha kuzindikira matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito mafotokozedwe pansipa.

Chithandizo cha tizilombo

Chithandizo cha munthawi yake ndi kukonzekera kwa tizirombo ndi tizilombo kumathandiza kupewa mavuto ambiri mtsogolo. Zinthu zodziwika bwino:

Mutha kupezanso zogulitsa zovuta (Skor, Horus, Fitosporin). Zochita zawo zimakhala ndi tizirombo ta mitundu mitundu.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchita kukonzedwa mu kugwa. Malamulo oyambira:

1. Pamaso pa njirayi, chotsani mbewu zonse pansi pa mitengo.
2. Ntchito zimachitika pokhapokha ngati kuli kouma.
3. Sungunulani vitriol mu kapu kapena pulasitiki.
4. Musanatsanize mu sprayer, onetsetsani kuti mwasefa yankho.
5. Pinyani mitengo yonse, kuphatikizaponso gawo lazungulira thunthu.
6. Simungagwiritse ntchito zida zingapo nthawi imodzi.

Whitewashing ndiyofunika mukamakonzera dimba nyengo yachisanu. Imathandizira kuti mtengowo ulole chisanu mosavuta ndikuutchinjiriza ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Malangizo:

• Mitengo ya mibadwo imafunidwa ndi njerwa yokwanira bwino.
• Njira yothetsera vutoli imaphatikizidwa ndi vitriol (mkuwa).
• Thunthu lake limayeretsedwa mpaka kutalika kwa 1.5 metres, ndikugwira nthambi zam'munsi.

Malangizo a Mr. Summer Residence

1. Ndalama zonse zimayenera kukhala ndi tsiku lotha ntchito.
2. Gulani mankhwala pa malo ogulitsa.
3. Kufufuza kumaloledwa pokhapokha ngati mudziteteze.