Hoya: chisamaliro m'nyumba komanso malangizo

Hoya ndi mpesa wobiriwira, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa wax ivy. Zokhudza banja la Kutrov.

Mitundu yayikulu yazomera imamera kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, ku China ndi India. Mitundu ingapo ya hoya imatha kupezeka kuzilumba pakati pa Pacific ndi Indian Ocean.

Kufotokozera

Hoya ndi amodzi mwa maluwa a epiphytes, chifukwa chake, pakukula, amafunika zitsamba zazikulu kapena mitengo kuti ichirikize.

Wax ivy ali ndi maluwa oyera oyera kapena oyera owoneka bwino ngati nyenyezi, mulifupi wawo ndi 15 mm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa inflorescence ndi zidutswa 15-20.

Masamba amakhala obiriwira amtundu wakuda, opotozedwa momwe amapangira ma curls ndipo amakhala okhazikika potsatira ndondomeko. Kutalika, amafika masentimita 5, mulifupi - masentimita 7-10. Foliage ndi yowutsa mudyo, owonda komanso amtundu, ndizomwe zidapangitsa kuti wax ivy adayikidwe ngati gulu la othandizira.

Mitundu

Pali mitundu pafupifupi 300 ya hoya, koma ena mwa iwo ndi omwe amakhala akuluakulu mkati.

Onani	Kufotokozera
Kaudata	Pamakhala gawo la Thailand ndi Malaysia. Maluwa adapezeka koyamba mu 1883. Ili ndi masamba obiriwira ovoid, maziko owoneka ngati mtima. Kugawana mitundu yosiyanasiyana kulipo - kuchokera pamtundu wamtambo wobiriwira. Gawo lakumunsi limakhala lofiirira, lomwe lakumwamba limakhala ndi silvery. Maluwa ndi ochepa, osanunkhira bwino, mtundu wake ndi woyera komanso wofiyira.
Splash	Zidutswa za masamba ndi wandiweyani, zimakhala ndi wandiweyani fluff, womwe umayamba kuchepa maluwa atakula. Masamba ndi oyera komanso ofiira. Masamba ofiira ofiira.
David Cumming	Mtundu wachilendo wa sera ivy. Amasiyana ndi ena m'maluwa a salmon-pinki omwe ali ndi chikasu chowala chachikaso. Madzulo limapatsa fungo labwino la caramel. Masamba lanceolate, mitsempha sizingasiyanike.
Kalimba	Masamba ake ndi onse, ali ndi mitsempha yobiriwira yakuda. Maluwa ake ndi achikasu achikasu, kuyambira 18 mpaka 20 amapezeka mu maambulera. Zimatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa panthawi ya maluwa.
Imperialis	Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya sera ivy. Malo omwe amakhala ndi chilumba cha Malacca. Maluwa ali ndi mtundu wofiirira wakuda, pakati ndi yoyera. Madzulo mumatha kununkhira kosangalatsa.
Locky	Chomera chaku Vietnam. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, amatha chaka chonse kusangalatsa ndi maluwa amtundu wa ngale ngale. Fungo la ivy limakumbutsa chokoleti ndipo limakulitsa madzulo.
Lacunose (concave)	Masamba ndiwobiriwira wakuda, mawonekedwe a rhombus, m'mphepete mwake amawongoka, kuti bowo lipezeke, lomwe linapatsa dzina la mitunduyo. Maluwa amatengedwa mu inflorescence a zidutswa 15 mpaka 20, zoyera kwambiri ndi korona wachikuda pakati.
Shepherdie	Maluwa a utoto wapinki wokhala ndi ma corollas otsika. Masamba ake ndiwotalikirapo komanso yopapatiza, ali ndi mawonekedwe abwatowo, pakati pake pali mtsempha wowoneka bwino wobiriwira.
Karnosa (wathanzi)	Liana, akufika kutalika kwa 6 metres. Masamba ndi ochepa, ozungulira, koma owonda, okhala ndi zokutira. Ndiwobiriwira wakuda ndi mikwasulo yasiliva. Maluwa ndi onunkhira, opinki komanso oyera.
Wokongola (Bella)	Mphukira za Bella zimangokhala pansi, ndipo chitsamba chokha chimadzala nthambi zolimba, chifukwa chake chomera chimadziwika kuti ndichopambana. Masamba ndi ochepa, ali ndi mawonekedwe a ovoid-lanceolate, obiriwira mtundu. Masamba ndi oyera, maambulera 7 mpaka 9 a inflorescence alipo.

M'nyumba Hoya Kukula

Kusamalira kunyumba kwa duwa sikubweretsa zovuta zilizonse, chifukwa liana samafunanso kuti azitha kubereka pachaka. Monga lamulo, zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse ndizokwanira kusintha mphika.

Kusankha kwa mphika, dothi, kufalikira

Hoya ndi woyenera kukula ndi njira ya ampel, chifukwa chake, posankha chidebe cha wax ivy, ndikofunikira kupereka chidwi ndi poto-cache.

Dothi la chomera likhoza kukhala lamitundu iwiri:

peat, mchenga wamtsinje, humus ndi dothi la sod amasakanikirana, chilichonse chimatengedwa chimodzimodzi;
dothi loamy-loddy, nthaka yochokera kumalo obiriwira ndi humus ikuphatikizidwa, mulingo: magawo awiri a loam ndi gawo limodzi la zinthu zina.

Muyenera kubzaleza malingana ndi pulani iyi:

Dongo lokwera komanso miyala 40-50 mm ndikuthira pansi pa mphika. Osakaniza amakutidwa ndi gawo lapansi latsopano, lodzaza pafupifupi ¼ kuchuluka kwa mphika.
Ngati ndi kotheka, ikani chithandizocho. Nthawi yomweyo, tikulimbikitsidwa kukana timitengo ta bamboo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimatha kuthyoka chifukwa cha kukula kwa mbewuyo.
Hoya amathiriridwa madzi, ndipo pambuyo pa mphindi 30 mpaka 40 amatulutsidwa mumphika. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri kuti zisawononge zilulu zapadziko lapansi.
Ivy amasunthira mumphika wamaluwa watsopano, gawo lapansi limawonjezeredwa kuzungulira m'mphepete.

Masabata angapo oyambilira mbewu atabzulidwa, uyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono ndikukhala otetezedwa ku dzuwa.

Kuthirira

Ngakhale kuti hoya imagawidwa ngati chomera chachikulu chotentha, simalimbana ndi chinyezi chambiri:

Mitundu yambiri ya sera ivy imafunikira kuthirira pang'ono.
Ngati mitundu ya hoya ili ndi masamba owuma, ndiye kuti pakati pa kuthirira, dothi lakumalo liyenera kumera ndi 20-30 mm.
Zosiyanasiyana za hoya zokhala ndi masamba olimba, koma owonda, muyenera kukhala ndi chotupa chofewa.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Ndi kukula kwamaluwa ndi maluwa, mbewuyo imafuna kuvala pamwamba kawiri pamwezi. Koma simuyenera kuichulukitsa, ivy imalekerera kuchepa kwa zinthu zofunikira kuposa zochulukirapo.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzikonda feteleza wa mchere, ayenera kuchepetsedwa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi malangizo, izi zimateteza ivy pakuwotcha komwe kungachitike.

Mukukula, thandizo

Mitundu yambiri ya hoya imakula msanga. Poyamba, zimayambira ndi zotanuka, koma khalani wopanda nzeru pamene zimakula ndipo ndizosavuta kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, mutabzala m'nthaka, mmera umafunika kuthandizidwa. Zingwe zochokera ku mipesa kapena zitsamba za bamboo zingathe kukhala thandizo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wakunja: mauna, kabati yamatabwa pakhoma, chingwe cholumikizidwa pafupi.

Chofunikira kukumbukira ndikuti ndizoletsedwa kudula "stumps" kupangidwa m'malo maluwa. Ndi pa zitsa izi mu nthawi yotsatira maluwa yomwe masamba adzapangidwe.

Bush-type wax ivy imakhomedwa chaka chilichonse, kuchotsa masamba awiri kapena atatu a mphukira pazimphukira zonse. Nthawi yoyamba njirayi imachitika atapangidwa pepala lachinayi.

Nthawi zosiyanasiyana: maluwa - mtendere

Mtundu wax ivy umayamba kutulutsa chilimwe.

Kuti tithandizire maluwa, timafunika m'mwezi wa Meyi ndi Seputembara kwa maola angapo kuti timize duwa m'madzi, lomwe kale linkatentha madigiri makumi atatu.

Pambuyo pake, gawo lapansi limayanika mosamala. Ngati mukusamba chomera chonse, ndiye kuti nthawi yake iyenera kutsitsidwa ndi theka la ola.

Mu nthawi yozizira, mmera uyenera kupatsidwa mwayi "wopuma". Nthawi yokhala pansi imawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa liana kukula. Monga lamulo, izi zimawonedwa ndikuchepetsedwa kwa maola masana.

M'nyengo yozizira, pamalo osungira mbewu, muyenera kuchepetsa kutentha, kuchepetsa kuthirira ndikusiya feteleza kwakanthawi.

Kuperewera kwa chinyezi nthawi yachisanu kumathandizira kuti maluwa azikhala ndi maluwa ambiri.

Kuswana

Kufalikira kwa mbewu, mwanjira izi:

kudula;
ndi mbewu;
masanjidwe.

Njira yodziwika kwambiri yodziwitsa ndi yomwe amadula. Kuti mukwaniritse kufalitsa duwa, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a pang'onopang'ono:

Chapakatikati, zodula (mainchi sentimita) zimadulidwa kuchokera kumtunda wa mphukira zopangidwa chaka chatha. Phesi iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi ma inform 3-4.
Gawo la tsinde limachiritsidwa ndi Zircon, Epin kapena phytohormone ina iliyonse.
Miphika yodzalamo imadzaza ndi mchenga ndi peat, kenako yothira.
Zodulidwa zimazika mu dothi, kenako ndikolowedwa mosamala kuti pasakhale zotuluka.
Mbande yokutidwa ndi thumba, chokho kapena filimu.
Chomera chimayikidwa pamalo otentha komanso owala, kutentha kumayenera kukhala + 18- + 24 madigiri.
Kubzala zinthu nthawi zonse kumanyowa ndi mpweya wabwino.
Pambuyo pakuwonekera masamba oyamba, zodulidwazo zimasungidwa mumiphika yaying'ono kapena miphika.

Ngati kubereka pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo, zochita zotsatirazi zimachitika:

Pa mphukira zingapo m'derali pakati pa malo okula, tsamba, pangani mawonekedwe ochepa.
Gawo limakulungidwa ndi sphagnum moss, lomwe limasungunuka kale mu yankho la chosangalatsa cha chilengedwe. Pamwamba pa kagawo kamakutidwa ndi zojambulazo kapena kanema.
Pambuyo pakupanga mizu, nsonga ya mphukira iyi imadulidwa, ndipo duwa limasinthira kukhala wobzala watsopano.

Pakumera kwa njere, izi zimachitika pochita izi:

Mbewu zolimba kwambiri zimasankhidwa ndikuuma kwa miyezi 2-3.
Mbeu zimabzalidwe mu dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi losakanizidwa la sphagnum moss (zigawo zimatengedwa mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1).
Zofanana zimapangidwa ngati kumera kwa kudula.
Pakatha pafupifupi sabata, mbande zipangike. Kuyambira nthawi ino, muyenera kuyang'anira chinyezi cha gawo lapansi, iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono.
Mbewu zikapangika masamba atatu kapena anayi, zimasanjidwa.

Zolakwika ndi kukonza kwawo

Posamalira ivy, zolakwika zina zitha kuchitika zomwe zimafunika kuti zithetsedwe mwachangu.

Zolakwika wamba	Chifukwa	Konzani Zinthu
Mapangidwe achikasu mawanga pa masamba.	Kuwonetsedwa ndi dzuwa lowongolera, kuwotcha.	Chapakatikati ndi chilimwe, mbewuyo iyenera kuyikidwa mumthunzi.
Masamba akugwa.	Chinyezi chambiri cha nthaka, chimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kutentha kochepa kwa mpweya.	Kugwirizana ndi boma lotungira madzi, ndikofunikira kupatsa nthaka nthawi kuti ome. Kutsika kutentha kwa chipinda, chinyezi chochepa chidzafunika.
Masamba obera, akuchepetsa kukula kwa tsinde.	Kupanda zinthu zothandiza.	Zimafunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa umuna kapena kusinthira mbewu kuti dothi labwino.
Kusaka masamba ndi kupha masamba.	Kutsirira pafupipafupi ndi madzi ozizira.	Chomera chimafunika kuthiriridwa ndi madzi pa kutentha pang'ono pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda.
M'mbali ndi malekezero a masamba owuma.	Kutentha kwambiri ndi mpweya wouma.	Kusintha kwa mlengalenga ndikumwaza mbewuyo ndi madzi (kusiyanasiyana ndi nthawi yomwe maluwa). Mu nthawi yozizira, chomera chimayenera kuchotsedwa mu zida zotenthetsera.

Matenda, tizirombo ndi njira zoyendetsera

Pali matenda ndi tizirombo tambiri timene timakhudzana ndi sera ivy.

Matenda ndi tizilombo	Mawonekedwe	Njira zoyendetsera
Powdery Mildew	Zovala zoyera paz masamba. Kufota ndi chikasu masamba.	- Mphukira zonse ndi masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi matendawa amadulidwa; - Kusintha malo apamwamba; - Mu magawo oyamba a matendawa, mmera umayikidwa mu yankho la phulusa la koloko; - Woopsa matenda, fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Skor, Topaz.
Zovunda.	Maziko a mphukirawo amadetsedwa. Fungo la zowola limakhazikitsidwa, dongo loonda loumbidwa panthaka.	- Dulani mphukira zonse zomwe muli ndi kachilombo, malo odulira owazidwa ndi makala otentha; - Mizu yanyengoyi kwa maola awiri kapena atatu imayikidwa mu yankho la fungicides iliyonse.
Chotchinga.	Ma tubercles olimba a masamba pa masamba. Tiziwalo tomwe timakhala pafupi ndi khungu limakhala chikasu.	- Mahelfodi azirombo amawazidwa ndi palafini; - Masamba amapukutidwa ndi yankho potengera sopo ndi mowa; - Duwa limatsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda ndikukonzedwa ndi Metaphos.
Ma nsabwe.	Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tachikasu yobiriwira timagwira pamitengo ya zomera.	- Mphukira zowonongeka kwambiri zimadulidwa; - Duwa limafafizidwa kangapo patsiku ndi yankho la anyezi kapena adyo.

Nthawi zina, chomera chimatha kukhudzidwa ndi nthata ya akangaude.

Zizindikiro

Pali zikhulupiriro zabodza zoti wax ivy ikhoza kubweretsa mavuto kunyumba, ndiye kuti siolima onse omwe amasankha kukula chomera ichi, ngakhale chili chonse chokongola.

Ku Russia, palinso chikhulupiriro china. Amakhulupirira kuti hoya imatha kupulumuka munthu kunyumba, ndipo chomera chimamenya zoyipa kuchokera kwa mtsikana wosakwatiwa.