Dalakitala la nthano la DT-54, limene lakhalapo mpaka masiku athu, ndi limodzi mwa mabuku enieni a Soviet engineering. Izi ndizomwe zimayendera ulimi wamakono. Chigawo cha gulu lachitatu chachitetezo chimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zaulimi. Ngakhale kuti njira yatsopano yopangira teknoloji yakhala yayimilira, njira yakaleyi ikugwiritsabe ntchito mosavuta. Tidzafotokozanso za gawoli mwatsatanetsatane muzokambirana lero.
Mbiri ya thirakitala
Zida zaulimi zomwe zili ndi chiwerengero cha DT-54 anakhala woyamba wogulitsa tracteur wamtundu wa Soviet, omwe ali ndi injini ya dizilo.
Mbiri ya teknoloji inayamba chaka cha 1930. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, injini yoyamba ya dizilo yopanga makina opanga ulimi inapangidwa ku Plant Stractrad Tract, koma pa nthawiyi siidabwezerere wachibale wa parafini. Magetsi a dizeli anayesedwa pa matrekta a SHTZ-NATI, omwe maziko a DT-54 anakhazikitsidwa. Komabe, 54-ka inalengedwa pansi pa dongosolo latsopano ndipo idali yosiyana kwambiri ndi oyambirirawo.
Ndikofunikira! Mu digitala ya dizilo, akatswiri amatha kuthetsa kuthekera kwa mafuta opaka mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zinapangitsa kuti ndalama zambiri zisawonongeke komanso kuchepa kwa mafuta.
Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, gawo laulimi la Soviet Union linafuna kubwezeretsa kwakukulu. Makampani opititsa patsogolo ntchitoyi anali akufunikira kwambiri njira zogwiritsira ntchito injini za dizilo. Dizilo ya galimoto ya tekitala kwa zaka zingapo inapitirizabe kusintha ndi "kukumbukira." Ndipo potsiriza, pa November 7, 1949, DT-54 yoyamba inachoka pamsonkhanowu. Akatswiri amapanga chitukuko ndi nthawi yomasulira thiritenda yowunikira ku USSR.
Ku Stalingrad, chipangizochi chinapangidwa kwa zaka 12, mpaka 1963.
Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kumasulidwa kunayambika ku Kharkov Tractor Plant. Ku Kharkov, magalimoto ambiri anapangidwa mpaka 1961.
Mitengo ya Tractor ya Altai inalowanso mndandanda wa opanga mabukuwa. Kumeneko makina opanga ulimi anapangidwa kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1979.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mungasankhire thirakitala kuti mugwire ntchito kumbuyo kwa nyumba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mini-tractors: Uralets-220 ndi Belarus-132n, komanso phunzirani kupanga tekitala ya mini kuchoka ku motoblock ndi tekitala ya mini ndi kuphwanya chimango.
Pambuyo pake, kupanga kwa makisi 54 kunatha. Zonsezi, 957,900 zida za teknolojiyi zinapangidwa ku USSR.
Ntchito yolima
Dalakitala DT-54 makamaka limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana pa ulimi wamalonda. Kukula kwa kugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji kumaphatikizapo:
- kulima dzikolo;
- kukonza munda;
- kufesa ntchito;
- kukolola;
- nthakamoving ndi zina zaulimi.
Zipangizozi zimagwira ntchito pamodzi mapologalamu anayi kapena asanu, mapulala, njira zowononga ndi kulima nthaka, mbeu zosiyanasiyana, makina osamba, mowers, komanso makina odzala mitengo.
Kwa minda yaing'ono ndi nyumba zomwe zingakhale bwino posankha makina adzakhala kuyenda kutsogolo kwa thirakitala. Chifukwa cha magetsi osungunuka, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukumba mbatata, komanso kuchotsa chisanu.
Tekitala ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi zipangizo zing'onozing'ono zosiyana siyana ndipo inali yothandizira kwambiri yomwe inali yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zomangamanga ndi makampani opangira.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, Baibulo la DT-54A linapangidwa, yomwe inkafunikila kugwira ntchito mu malo amtundu (marshy) ndi malo osasunthika (osakhazikika). Osagwidwa mu makina a nthaka anathandiza mbozi zake zambiri.
Zolemba zamakono
DT-54 yalinganizidwa molingana ndi muyezo wa zamasamba zaulimi pa kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, zomwe zingagawidwe m'magulu akulu awa: kuthamanga magalimoto, injini, sitimayi yamagetsi, kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, njira zothandizira komanso zothandizira.
Misa ndi miyeso yonse
Unyinji wa zipangizo popanda zophatikiza ndi 5400 makilogalamu. Kuthamanga kwa nthaka ndi 0.41 makilogalamu / sq. onani
Chiwembu cha thirakitala DT-54: 1 - mafuta ozizira; 2 - radiator yamadzi; 3 - injini; ; 4 - chimango chamatabwa cham'mbuyo; 5 - shashi yolumikiza; 6 - kuyeretsa mpweya; 7 - kudzoza mafuta pamutu pa injini yoyambira; 8 - toplev chipangizo cholamulira chakudya; 9; 10 - katsamba kansalu ndi mababu; 11 - chiwindi chamagetsi; 12 - thanki yamoto; 13 - kufalitsa; 14 - kutsogolo kumbuyo; 15 - gear yomaliza; 16 - mbozi; 17 - chojambulira nyimbo; 18 - galimoto yosungira; 19 - chimango; 20 - kuwongolera
Miyeso yonse ndi masitala a thiritala:
- kutalika kwa chipangizo chonsecho ndi kukhalapo kwa chipangizo cha trailer ndi 3.660 mamita;
- m'lifupi ndi m'mphepete mwa misewu muyeso lachikale - 1,865 m;
- kutalika kwa galimoto - 2.30 mamita;
- kuchoka pansi - 260 mm;
- maziko ake ndi 1.622 m;
- ndondomeko - 1,435 m.
Injini
Injini ya dizeli D-54 imayikidwa pa DT-54. Mtundu wa magalimoto unali chipinda chozizira madzi osagwedezeka. Chitsulo chosakanizika ndi kamera kamangidwe ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, chipangidwe chosakaniza chinali chipinda chozungulira. Malo a zitsulo ali mu-mzere, ofukula.
Chithunzi cha injini ya DT-54: 1 - cylinder mutu; 2 - jekete la madzi; 3 - bala; 4 - kamtsitsi kakang'ono; 5 - nyumba yosindikiza; 6 - clutch nyumba; 7 - ntchentche; 8 - korona wa flywheel; 9 - mtanda wambuyo; 10 - mpweya wa mafuta; 11 - kupopera mafuta oyendetsa galimoto; 12 - mtanda wam'mbuyo; 13 - zida zowonongeka; 14 - chivundikiro; 15 - malo ogulitsa katundu; 16 - mpweya wa madzi ndi fanesi; 17 - valve yotulutsa mpweya; 18 - kasupe wa valve; 19 - mphuno; 20; 21 - chivundikiro cha valve; 22 - chopukuta.
Ndi maulendo obwereza a 1300 rev / min. Galimoto ya thirakita imatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi okwana 39.7 kW.
Mukudziwa? Ulemerero wa 54-ki mu Soviet Union unali waukulu kwambiri moti m'midzi yambiri thirakita anamanga zipilala ndi zipilala. Kuonjezera apo, njirayi inkawonetsedwa mwa mafilimu a nthawi imeneyo. Mwachitsanzo, mu filimuyi "Inali ku Penkovo," msilikali Matvey Morozov (V. Tikhonov adagwira nawo ntchito) ndipo Zefirov (wojambula Yu, N. Medvedev) pa makina awiri akulima anali mtundu wa chingwe-kukopa mpikisano. Anthu omwe ali mu filimuyi adatsutsa kuti matakitala awo ndi amphamvu.
Kutumiza, kuyendetsa ndi kuswa m'manja
Makina opangira mawindo asanu omwe akuwongolera pa makina. N'zotheka kukhazikitsa kachetechete wa sitiroko ndi magawo awiri. Kuchepetsa kumatsimikiziranso kayendetsedwe kake kaulimi omwe akuthandizira pang'onopang'ono khumi.
Dera lalikulu lokonzekera galimoto la trekita: 1 - chimbudzi chachiwiri; 2 - kusintha mashempi; 3 - chivundikiro; 4 - kutsogolo kutsogolo; 5 - atatenga chikho; 5 - mtedza wolondola; 7 - nthiti yamanzere; 8 - mbale yotseka; 9 - magawano; 10 - kugawa zakudya; 11 - lalikulu gear gear; 12 - gear yaying'ono.
Mphamvu yamagetsiyi ndi yofunikira poyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto yoyendetsera galimoto, komanso phokoso la mphamvu zowonongeka. Kutengera kwa thirakitala ndi kamba, bokosi lamasewera, kutsogolo kutsogolo, magalasi otsiriza ndi shashi logwirizanitsa.
Kuthamanga kumbuyo kunapereka manja osiyana olamulira ndi maburashi. Utsogoleri womwewo unayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa 1956.
Dziwani nokha ndi matrekita: MT3-892, DT-20, MT3-1221, Kirovets K-700, Kirovets K-9000, T-170, MT3-80, MT3 320, MT3 82 ndi T-30, zomwe Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito.
Mabaki pa tekitala ya dizilo pamtunda, pokhapokha, tepi chitsanzo ndi njira ziwiri.
Kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto ili ndi galimoto yosamalitsa. Nthambi iliyonse yokhala ndi zibwato imayendetsedwa ndi kutsogolera. Amakhala ndi makina opatsirana komanso magudumu awiri othandizira. Mbozi imaphatikizapo 41 kulumikiza maulumikizi.
Mmene mpangidwe wake ulili ndi phokoso la kubwalo la mkati mwa bwalo lamkati la kusimitsidwa kwa thirakitala DT-54 ndi kusalongosola kwapadera kwazomwe akugwedeza ndi dzenje la balancer la mphero: 1 - wedge; 2 - kulumikiza; 3 - balancer wamkati; 4 ndi 5 - kumtunda kwa bwalo lakunja; 6 - ngongole yakunja; в - wedge kukhudzana ndi cylindrical pamwamba pa swing axis; G - Kuyanjana kwapamwamba ndi pamwamba pa flatness wa swing axis.
Cab
Pa makina aulimi ali ndi nyumba yosungiramo dalaivala yotsekedwa. Ili ndi mpando wofewa, malamulo oyenera ndi ma bolodi. Kenaka nyumbayo inali ndi zotentha ndi madzi otunga madzi. Mtengo wa thanki unali 2.5 malita.
Kutembenukira ku kulekanitsa malamulo a mabaki ndi kumbali, kumanja ndi kumanzere kusamba kunapangidwe mu kabati.
Nyumbayi si yabwino. Ngakhale kuti watsekedwa mawonekedwe, sizimbudzi, sizitetezedwa ku phokoso, kuthamanga ndi fumbi. Galimoto imakhala yovuta kwambiri yothandizira ndi kovuta. Kuphatikizanso, mpando wabwereza wapachikidwa pa thanki. Ndipo popeza kuti tangi yamoto imakhala ngati khoma lakumbuyo kwa nyumbayi, pakapita nthawi mafuta opangira mafuta opitirira mafuta amalowa pansi.
Chassis, tow hitch
Mosiyana ndi oyambirira awo, 54-ke anali okweza kwambiri chithusi - Kutsirizitsa zitsulo zozizwitsa zokhazokha zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pofuna kupewa ingress ya dothi, fumbi ndi chinyezi, ziwalo zonse zotsutsana ndi zinyamulira zinali zotetezedwa bwino (kutsekedwa).
Talakita yachisi DT-54
Chigawo choyendayenda chimaphatikizapo galimoto ndi kutsogolera oyendetsa galimoto, nyimbo, magudumu othandizira ndi kuyimitsa. Ogudubuza otsogolera ndi otsogolera opititsa patsogolo amathandiza galimoto kuyenda motsatira njira. Iwonso, amakhala ndi zinthu zowonjezera zitsulo. Kuteteza mawilo kumateteza mbozi kuti isagwe mphesa zakumtunda, ndipo oyendetsa nthumwi amawongolera kuwongolera kwawo.
Zida zamatayala zimaphatikizapo gulu lopambukira ndi ngolo. Makina 54 -pamwamba anali ndi mawonekedwe a hydraulic (kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani m'munsimu). Ndipo dongosolo lothandizira linalandira kukonza mfundo ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Chipangizochi chimakhala ndi zitsulo zinayi ndi zitsulo, chifukwa chazimene zimayang'anitsanso komanso zida zowonongeka. Zipangizo zamagetsi zimaphatikizapo kupopera madzi ndi magetsi atatu.
Creeper: 1 ndi 2 - magalimoto osinthika osinthika; 3 - malaya osungunuka; 4 - malaya; 5 - kuchapa; 6 - chithunzi chowonjezera cha kuthandizira; 7 ndi 8 - magalimoto osinthika; 9 - magalimoto osungira magetsi; 10 - creeper shaft; 11 - chivundikiro; 12 - galimoto yamtundu; 13 - chivundikiro; - kukakamiza chikho; 15 - magalimoto.
Mayankho ochokera pa intaneti:
"Galimoto yothamanga imakonzedwa mofanana ndi ya talakita ya DT-54A" - apa zikutanthawuza kuti mapangidwewo ndi ofanana. Koma pali kusiyana pakati pa magudumu oyendetsa, muzitsulo, pa kukakamizidwa kwa ogwedeza, mu kukakamizika kwa magalimoto oyenerera. Koma kusintha konseku ndi kochepa. Pa DT-75, mukhoza kunena "chasisi yowonjezera pang'ono".
Ndipo zambiri. Mafano othamanga T-74, T-75 ndi ofanana ndi DT-54. Kusiyana kwa mafelemu, zotumizira, injini.
Mwa njira, ena obwezeretsa anavomereza moona mtima kuti pobwezeretsa DT-54 iwo amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zochuluka kuchokera ku DT-75.
Mtengo wamagetsi ndi mafuta otchulidwa
Thirakitala yamtengo wapatali wa mafuta amadziwika ndi mtengo wa 185 malita, Komabe, muwotchi wotsatira (DT-54A version) voliyumu yake inakwera kufika 250 malita.
Injini ya DT-54 ili ndi mafuta ochepa - 205 g / l. c. pa ola limodzi Chifukwa cha ichi, chipangizochi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi kuwonjezeka katundu pa injini popanda kusokonezeka kawirikawiri kwa kupatsa mafuta.
Mukudziwa? Pa 54-ine ndinagwira ntchito m'munda wotchuka L. V. Kharitonov, yemwe adagwira ntchito ya Ivan Brovkin mu filimu yotchuka "Ivan Brovkin pa nthaka ya namwali". Mafakitale amatha kuwonetsedwa m'mafilimu ena a Soviet: "First Echelon", "Alien Relatives", "Mwamuna woyamba", "Quarrel in Lukashi", "Kulimbana panjira", "Kuthamanga kwa Knight", "Kalina Red".
Zosintha zazikulu
Mu 1957, makina opanga ulimi adapanga njira yowonjezera. M'masinthidwe atsopano DT-54A, mawonekedwe a hydraulic anakhala osiyana-modular. Tsamba ili lasinthidwa kangapo. Zonsezi, zitsanzo zinayi zimadziwika:
- DT-54A-C1. Mtengowu uli ndi zipangizo zosiyana-siyana zomwe zimakhala ndi magetsi oyendera magetsi. Kuwonjezera apo, zipangizozo zinali ndi zipangizo zamatabwa, zomwe zinathandiza kuthetsa kuchuluka kwa makina - zinakhala zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka, zogwirizana ndi dizilo.
- DT-54A-C2. Kusinthidwa uku kuli kofanana ndi ndondomeko yapitayi, koma palibe chipinda cha mphamvu ndi kuyimitsidwa kwadongosolo.
- DT-54A-C3. Chitsanzo cha makina aulimi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira ntchito ndi zipangizo zamakono, chifukwa pakadali pano palibe magetsi oyendetsera magetsi.
- DT-54A-C4. Chitsanzocho n'chofanana kwambiri ndi DT-54A-C1 yosiyana, komabe, ilibe zipinda zamtundu wakutali. Matakitala amenewa analimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri a Soviet kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera onse a Soviet Union.
Ndikofunikira! Kuphera DT-54F-S4 sikuperekanso kugwiritsira ntchito makina osokoneza magetsi, ndipo zina zonse zikufanana ndi DT-54A-C1.
Chitsanzo DT-54 chiyenera kuganiziridwa ngati nthano ya engineering engineering. Mbiri ya teknoloji siinathe pokhapokha kutsirizidwa kwa zopangidwe - gawoli likufunidwa lero. Makina angapo akupangidwabe malinga ndi 54-ki, mwachitsanzo, matrekta T-74, T-75 ndi DT-75. Ndipo mafanizidwe a Soviet nthawi zambiri anabwezeretsanso chitsulo chamatabwa 54 kapena anabweretsa zitsanzo zakale kuti zikhale bwino. Zonsezi kamodzinso zimatsimikiziranso kupirira ndi kudalirika kwa makina awa.
