Calceolaria - kubzala ndi kusamalira kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi

Calceolaria (Calceolaria) - maluwa, yokongoletsera-deciduous, herbaceous kapena shrub, banja Narichnikovs. South America, kotentha ndi kotentha, ndiye malo omwe calceolaria imabadwira. Kutengera mitundu ndi chilengedwe zachilengedwe, chimakula mchikhalidwe chamakhalidwe osatha.

Kukula kwa mbewu mwachilengedwe - mpaka masentimita 60. Makulidwe, mitundu yokongoletsera yolima nyumba imadziwika ndi kukula kochepa (20-30 cm). Magwero a calceolaria ndi dzina zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a duwa. "Monga nsapato" - kumasulira dzinali potanthauzira kuchokera ku Latin.

Maluwa ambiri amitundu yowala, yodzaza ndi mawonekedwe amawoneka abwino kwambiri komanso osangalatsa mchipinda chilichonse. Komabe, calceolaria ndi chikhalidwe chosasangalatsa komanso chovuta kwambiri ndipo siwense amene angakwanitse.

Onaninso momwe mungakulire mkati mwa acalifa ndi bilbergia.

Calceolaria: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwachidule

Kupanga microclimate inayake ndikofunika kuti maluwa atukuke bwino, chifukwa chomeracho chimayankha nthawi yomweyo pazinthu zovuta:

Kusamalira calceolaria kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Maluwa a calceolaria

Maluwa nthawi zambiri amagwera pa Meyi-Seputembara, koma kutalika ndi nthawi yake zimadalira nthawi yofesa mbewu ndi mndende. Chitsamba chathanzi m'chipinda chozizira chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso onunkhira bwino. Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana amasiyana maonekedwe ndi mtundu wake, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala nimbus wokhala ndi milomo iwiri komanso ma stamens awiri atatu mu chikho cha mame anayi.

Mlomo wapamwamba ndi wozungulira wozungulira, milomo yapansi ndi yayikulu pout. Mawonekedwe achilendo amafanana ndi chikwama chotsegulira kapena nsapato yoyambirira. Chiwerengero cha maluwa mu inflorescence komanso kutalika kwa matayala ndizosiyana. Chitsamba chimodzi chimatha kukhala ndi maluwa 30 mpaka 50. Chifukwa cha umuna, mabampu ambewu yokhala ndi mbewu zazing'ono kwambiri amawonekera.

Tikugulitsa pambuyo pogula

Kuti mukule calceolaria kunyumba kwa nyengo imodzi, mumafunikira kupatsirana kamodzi, komwe kumachitika pambuyo poti mbewuyo idapeza. Izi zikuthandizani kusankha kuchuluka kwake komanso kusintha zakudya zamasamba.

Njira yotentha

Kusamalira calceolaria kunyumba kumakhala kovuta ndi zomwe zimafunikira kutentha kozungulira. Malo abwino kwambiri okhala ndi maluwa ambiri, omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali, amapangidwa ndi zoziziritsa kukhazikika, zomwe sizotheka kupereka malo okhala. Kutentha kolimbikitsidwa:

• masana - osapitirira + 20 ° C;
• usiku - osapitirira kuposa + 15 ° С.

Kutentha kwausiku kumatha kutsikira mpaka + 10 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwa masana kumatha kupitilira + 16 ° C. Izi ndizabwino kwambiri kuposa nyengo yotentha, yomwe masamba agwa, maluwa amatha mwachangu kwambiri.

Kuwaza

Zomera za calceolaria kunyumba zimasowa chinyezi chokwanira kwambiri. Mutha kuisamalira ndi chinyezi kapena sipikina, koma simungathe kupopera mbewu pachokha, monga ma corollas a maluwa awonongeka.

Kuwala

Kuwala kwadzuwa kotentha kumatha kuyambitsa kuyaka ndikuwotchera msanga ma inflorescence, chifukwa chake amayenera kukhala mwamtundu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewuyo imafunikira kuwala kowala komanso kuwala kwa tsiku lalitali. Nyengo, malo omwe mphikawo amatha kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kutengera kuwala.

Maluwa a yophukira-yozizira, calceolaria yakunyumba imafunikira kuunikira kojambula.

Kuthirira Calceolaria

Mulingo wa dothi uyenera kukhala wonyowa pang'ono, wopanda madzi. Kutsirira kumachitika pansi, osanyowetsa maluwawo kapena poto, ndikuchotsa madzimadzi owonjezera. Sungani chinyezi ndi moss chonyowa, dongo lokakulitsidwa kapena peat khushoni pansi pa poto, pomwe poto wayikiratu.

Madzi othirira amayeretsedwa kudzera mu fyuluta kapena kuchepera ndikuwotcherera kutentha kwa firiji.

Mphika wa calceolaria

Kusankha kwa mphika kumadalira gawo lakulima:

• Njere zofesedwa mumtsuko kapena m'miyala, yomwe, mutakutidwa ndi chivindikiro kapena kanema, imasinthidwa mosavuta kukhala ma mbale yaying'ono mbuto zisanaphuke.
• mbani mbande mumiphika yaying'ono kapena makapu okhala ndi mulifupi pafupifupi 7cm.
• mbande mwezi uliwonse kuti malo okhazikika amafuna poto kuchuluka kwa 0,8 mpaka 1.2 malita.

Zomera zazikulu zimadzimva bwino mu ceramic komanso miphika ya pulasitiki yokhala ndimabowo.

Dothi

Kapangidwe ka dothi lofesa mbande kumayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino, ukhale wopepuka komanso wosamasuka. Kuphatikizidwa kokhazikika kapangidwe kake kapena kapangidwe kanu konyengerera ka peat ndi mchenga (7: 1) ndi koyenera. 1 makilogalamu osakaniza kuwonjezera 15-20 g wa phulusa, choko kapena dolomite ufa. Mpweya wochita kuwonongeka sangapweteke.

Kwa chomera chachikulu, dothi lam michere kuchokera kumagulu ofanana ndi masamba humus, peat ndi turf lapansi ndiloyenera kwambiri. Mchenga wocheperako umawonjezeredwa kuti ubwezeretse madziwo

Yang'anani! Dothi lodzikongoletsera limatulutsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa ndi potaziyamu permanganate kapena mu uvuni, kutentha mpaka 90-100 ° С.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Mavalidwe apamwamba amaphatikizidwa ndi kuthirira ndikuchitika pambuyo pa masiku 10-14. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wophatikiza wa michere yamaluwa molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga.

Zomera zodulidwa sizidyetsa masabata awiri oyamba.

Thambo la calceolaria

Kuti chomera chiwoneke bwino, nthawi zambiri chimakulitsidwa kwa chaka chimodzi, kenako china. Kuika kwa calceolaria nthawi zambiri kumafunika kwa toyesa wogula. Mbande za mbande kapena zodula mizu zimazidulitsidwanso mumtsuko womasuka.

Zopopera za nthaka pozika zina sizimawonongeka. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yonyamula tchire labwinobwino kumayambiriro kwamasika, akuluakulu - pakutha maluwa.

Nthawi yopumula

Chitsamba chowonongekachi chimadulidwa mpaka pansi, chimakhala ndi miyezi 1.5-2 m'chipinda chozizira, chamdima, ndikuchepetsa kuthirira pang'ono. Kuyanika dothi kumatha kuwononga mbewu. Kubwera kwa mphukira zazing'ono, mphika umabwezeretsedwa ku microclimate yabwino ndikuwunikira kuti zikule. Nthawi yachiwiri ya maluwa imayamba kale kuposa yoyamba, koma mphukira imatambasuka mwachangu, imataya mawonekedwe okongola.

Kukula kwa calceolaria kuchokera ku mbewu

Kukula kwa maluwa a calceolaria kuchokera ku mbewu ndikovuta. Mchitidwewo udzagwirira miyezi 8-9, choncho umachitika modzala ndipo uli ndi magawo awa:

• Mbewu zazing'ono kwambiri zimabalalika panthaka yonyowa bwino, ndikutsindikizidwa pansi osakonkha. Amaphimba mbewuzo ndi nsalu yonyanda komanso pokonza wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera mufilimu kapena chivundikiro chagalasi. Sungani kutentha pafupipafupi kwa + 20 ° C ndi chinyezi, mpweya wabwino ndikuchotsa condensate.
• Mbande musanagwere mosalekeza mumadziimbira kawiri.
• Adawokedwa m'malo osatha 1.5-2 miyezi itadumphira pansi.

Zofunika! Kubzala masiku kumadalira zokhumba ndi nthawi ya maluwa. Kuti zitheke pofika kumayambiriro kwa masika, mbewu zofesedwa kumapeto kwa June. Mbewu zakumapeto kwa mwezi wa February zizimera pang'ono kugwa.

Kufalikira kwa calceolaria ndi zodula

Kudula kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa masika. Kudula mizu kumakhala kovuta, chifukwa chake, amagwiritsa ntchito zolimbikitsa zakukula. Mphukira imabzalidwa ndi dothi lam michere. Pangani pobisalira kuti muteteze chinyezi ndi botolo lagalasi kapena botolo la pulasitiki. Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri idzakhala mukukhala muzu. Munthawi yonse yozizira, chinyezi, kutentha +20 -25 ° С ndi kuwala kowala, kosakanikirana kumasungidwa. Tsamba likayamba kukula, pabwino limachotsedwa.

Pofuna kukongola kuthengo, kudula angapo kumazika mumphika umodzi.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Zolakwika zopangidwa mubungwe la microclimate nthawi yomweyo zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa calceolaria ndipo zimatha kupha:

• Kutentha pamwamba + 18-20 ° C ndi chinyezi chochepa zimathandizira Mphukira kusiya ndi ukalamba.
• M'malo ochepa Calceolaria limamasuka bwino.
• Ndi kuthirira kwambiri pamoto wotsika komanso kunyowa kwa maluwa ndi masamba zowola zimayamba.

Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chomera kumatha chifukwa cha nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude, zovala zoyera.

Mitundu ya calceolaria yakunyumba yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mitundu yoposa 300 ya calceolaria imadziwika, imakhala ndi kukula kosiyana, kapangidwe ndi kukula kwa chitsamba, komanso mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa masamba, maluwa, inflorescence. Sikuti mitundu yonse ili yofanana ndipo si yonse yoyenera kubzala kunyumba. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya calceolaria:

Zophatikiza (C. herbeohybrida Voss)

Mawonedwewo akuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ofanana mawonekedwe, koma kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ina ndi mawonekedwe: zikwapu, Madontho, matanga. Kukula kwa inflorescences komanso kukula kwa ma peduncle ndizosiyana ndi mitundu, koma chitsamba nthawi zonse chimasiyanitsidwa ndi zokongoletsera, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowala. Kumbuyo kwake ndi masamba obiriwira opepuka. Kutalika kwa Bush - 15-40cm. Oimira amtunduwu amaimiridwa kwambiri kunyumba (zosiyanasiyana Tigrovaya, Dundee, Aida, Star mvula, Dervish).

Chimexico (C. mexicana)

Mphukira za chomerazi zimakhala ndi nthambi zambiri, ma inflorescence siakulu, ndipo maluwa ndi akulu kwambiri (pafupifupi 5 cm). Kutalika kwa tchire kumafika 50cm. Ma corollas ofanana ndi ma tochi amapaka utoto wowala.

Pepo (C. purpurea Graham)

Chowoneka mosiyanitsa mitunduyo ndi mulomo wam'munsi kwambiri komanso utoto wofiirira kapena wofiirira wa inflorescence. Masamba obowoka mkati amakhala ndi lilac hue.

Calceolaria (C. rugosa)

Pamiyala yayitali (20-50 cm) yokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, masamba obiriwira a maluwa ang'onoang'ono (1-2,5 masentimita), ofanana ndi mitambo yowala, yachikaso, amatengedwa. Mphukira wokwanira, masamba oterera, maluwa otayidwa amakongoletsa zidutswa zofiirira. Oimira: Sunset, Goldbook.

Amphibian (C. crenatiflora)

Zimayambira ndizofewa, mpaka 60 cm, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono. Masamba ndi pubescent, wavy, ovate, pamizu ndi petioles yayitali, pafupifupi sessile pamwamba. Madontho achikasu, ofiira, otuwa akulu amapanga corymbose inflorescence pamwamba. Corolla mu mawonekedwe a nsapato yokhala ndi milomo yapamwamba ya sacular.

Cobweb (C. arachnoidea)

Chotsika, osapitirira 30cm, chomera chosowa. Maluwa ofiirira.