Medlar - akukula ndi kusamalira kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi ndi mitundu

Medlar (Eryobotria) - mtengo wosatha kapena shrub ya banja la Pinki, ndi gawo limodzi mwa mitengo yaying'ono ya Apple. Potseguka, imamera pamalo otentha, pomwe maluwa amapezeka nthawi yophukira ndi zipatso m'nyengo yozizira kapena masika. Kwawo kwa medlar kapena Lokva ndi Japan ndi China.

M'mikhalidwe yathu, imamera ngati mtengo wokongoletsera m'nyumba, momwe mtengo wochepa umapangidwa. M'malo obiriwira, amatha kufikira mamita 3. Olimba, achikopa, mapepala akuluakulu okhala ndi kutalika kwa 20-25 masentimita ndi kutalika pafupifupi 8 cm.

Zipatso zake ndizakudya, zooneka ngati peyala, zowawasa pang'ono, zomangika ndi masamba m'mphepete mwa mphukira. Mimbulu ndi yowutsa mudyo, okoma kapena yokhala ndi acidity pang'ono komanso kukhudza kwa peyala ndi chitumbuwa. Chiwerengero cha mbewu zazikuluzikulu zimachokera ku chimodzi mpaka zisanu.

Onaninso momwe mungalimire zipatso zamtundu monga mandimu ndi makangaza kunyumba.

	Kukula kwakukulu.
	Imayamba kuphuka mu Novembala mpaka kumapeto kwa Januware.
	Chomera chomera.
	Chomera chosatha.

Medlar: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwachidule

Njira yotentha	Kutentha pang'ono chilimwe komanso kuzizira nthawi yozizira ndikofunikira.
Chinyezi cha mpweya	Zimafunikira kuti mpweya uzikhala nthawi zonse m'malo opanda chonyowa.
Kuwala	Popanda dzuwa, medlar samatulutsa kunyumba, koma masiku otentha kwambiri amafunikira kuti azingokhala mthunzi.
Kuthirira	Kuthirira kwambiri kumafunika popanda kuthira dongo komanso madzi osasunthika.
Dothi	Dothi la medlar limasankhidwa ndi chonde, chokwanira, chokhala ndi acidity.
Feteleza ndi feteleza	Njira zothetsera feteleza kapena michere yachilengedwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa masabata atatu.
Thirani mtundu wa Medlar	Kuika osakwana zaka zisanu kumachitika chaka chilichonse, pambuyo pake - pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri.
Kuswana	Gwiritsani ntchito mbewu kuti zikule komanso kuti muzu kuzika mizu.
Kukula Zinthu	Kuti mupeze zipatso zamkati, kupukutira kwanyumba kumafunikira.

Kusamalira medlar kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Maluwa medlar

Zomera zotseguka zimamera kokha nyengo yotentha, yopanda kutentha. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, nthawi ya maluwa imagwera pa Seputembala - Januware. Ma inflorescence amtundu wa panicle amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku maluwa ang'onoang'ono (1-2 cm) ndipo amapezeka pamwamba pa mphukira. Ziphuphu ndi zoyera kapena zonona kirimu.

Duwa limakhala ndi manda asanu, ma pubescent akunja, miyala isanu. Pakatikati pali mizati 2-3 komanso 20 mpaka 40 ma anthers. Maluwa amaphatikizidwa ndi fungo lamphamvu, lonunkhira. Chomera cha medlar panyumba mwina sichimachita maluwa ndipo chimabala zipatso.

Njira yotentha

Chomera chimakula bwino mchilimwe, kutentha kwa +18 mpaka 25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, medlar amasamutsidwa m'chipinda chozizira (+ 10-12 ° C).

Kuwaza

Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, ndibwino kupopera mbewu osati chomera, koma mpweya wozungulira iwo, ikani pafupi ndi thankiyo ndi madzi kapena zida zonyowa. Kusamalira medlar kunyumba ndikofunikira kuti muwonjezere kamodzi pamwezi pakugwira shawa yabwino yomera.

Kuwala

Imakonda kuwala kowala kwambiri. Ngakhalenso, kukhala pansi kwakanthawi pansi pano, ngakhale kuti dzuwa limagwira ntchito kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa kuyaka. Mphika umayikidwa pafupi ndi kumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa. Kutalika kwa masana kuyenera kukhala osachepera maola 12.

M'malo a tsiku lalifupi, zipatso zikamangidwa, kuunikira kokufunikira kungafunike.

Ndi kusowa kwa dzuwa, pamthunzi, medlar sikhala pachimake.

Kutsirira medlar

Mtengowo ndiwosakanikirana, motero dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Madzi ochulukirapo nthawi zonse amathanso kuvulaza. Mu yogwira gawo la kukula, amathiriridwa madzi m'masiku awiri kapena awiri, pomwe matalala - nthaka ikamuma. Madzi amakhala osakonzedweratu ndikuwotha kutentha kwa chipinda ngakhale madigiri angapo akukwera.

Kutsegula nthaka mutathirira kudzathandizira kupuma kwamizu. Kuti asunge chinyontho ndi madzi kuti asasefukira, mumphika umayikidwa mu thireyi ndi chonyowa (dongo lokwera, miyala kapena miyala).

Mphika wa Medlar

Mafupa amakula m'matumba ang'onoang'ono (4-5 cm), kenako ndikuziika m'miphika ya masentimita 7 mpaka 7. Kuchulukitsa kukula kwa mphikawo ndi zaka, ndikuwonjezera masentimita angapo pakuwonjezera kulikonse.

Dothi

Gwiritsani ntchito dothi lomwe linagula kapena kukonzanso modziyimira panokha, lomwe limakhazikitsidwa ndi dothi la peat, loya komanso la masamba. Mchenga wa Perlite kapena coarse umagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuti madzi azisowa.

Kupatsa thanzi kwa nthaka kumachulukitsidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa humus. Zosakaniza zimatengedwa pafupifupi magawo ofanana.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Medlar Yopangidwa ndi nyumba munyengo yazomera yogwira imafunikira michere yokwanira. Mavalidwe apamwamba sayenera kukhala pafupipafupi, koma okhala ndi michere yambiri. Kwa mbewu zazing'ono, kudyetsa kamodzi mu masabata a 3-4 ndikokwanira, kwa akulu - 2-3 pachaka. Amadyetsedwa ndi yankho la mchere kapena michere yachilengedwe.

Thirani

Chizindikiro chomwe chikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikizika kwa medlar ndi chofunikira, ndi mizu, yomamatira kuchokera m'maenje omata. Nthawi yabwino yothira ndikutha kumapeto kwa zipatso kapena nthawi yophukira, ngati mbewuyo idakulitsidwa kunyumba.

Dongosolo la mizu, limodzi ndi mtanda wina, umasunthidwira kumalo omasuka kwambiri, umphumphu wa kuphika suwonongeka. Mu zaka zoyambirira, nkhanuzi zimasinthidwa pachaka, ndi zaka, nthawi pakati pazowonjezera zimakulitsidwa, koma nthawi zambiri zapamwamba zimapangidwanso.

Momwe mungadulire medlar

Spanish medlar kunyumba sikuti sakonda kukulitsa nthambi. Mukachotsa mfundo yokula, ndiye kuti mbali zam'mbali zimangopereka ma axel awiri apamwamba a masamba. Kuti chomera chiwoneke ngati mtengo wokongola ndikuulepheretsa kutalika, ndikofunikira kutsina pamwamba m'nthawi yake. Ngati ndi kotheka, dulani nthambi zokhala ndi matenda kapena zouma.

Nthawi yopumula

Mukadzala ngati chomera chokongoletsera nthawi yozizira, pafupipafupi komanso kuthilira kwamphamvu kumachepetsedwa ndikuusungidwa ndi kutentha osaposa + 15 ° C.

Kukula medlar kuchokera kufupa

Mbewu za medap ya Japan ndi mbewu zazikulu zomwe zimafanana ndi nandolo. Zinthu zoyamba-mmbewu zimasungidwa kwa maola angapo mu njira ya "Kornevin" kapena yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate.

Mbeu imodzi kapena zingapo zimabzalidwa mumphika wochepa wodzazidwa ndi peat - osakaniza a mchenga, wokhala ndi mabowo amadzala. Amakonza mini-wowonjezera kutentha ndikuisunga pa kutentha osati kutsika + 18 ° C.

Njira ya kumera ndiyitali. Ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muzikhala chinyezi, mpweya wabwino, mutetezedwe ndi dzuwa. Mumphika wotseka, mbewuyo imayikidwa mu gawo la masamba awiri a 3-4.

Kufalitsa kwa Medlar mwa kudula

Pofalitsa, masamba odula-lignified amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zigawo zozungulira, popanda masamba kapena ndi masamba awiri apamwamba, kudula pakati. Kutalika kwa shank ndi 10 - 15 cm, kumayikidwa mpaka akuya masentimita atatu, omwe kale anali fumbi lokhalokha.

Zida zamadzizo zimathiridwa pansi pamphika, ndiye - peat - kusakaniza kwa mchenga. Kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha, mphika umaphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena chidebe cha pulasitiki. Khalani mumdima wodetsedwa ndi kutentha + 25 ° C, kukhalabe ndi chinyezi. Masamba atsopano akayamba kuphukira, amayamba kutsegula pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono kuzolowera mtengowo kuti ukhale wouma.

Ndikothekanso kuzika mizu m'madzi wamba firiji, yomwe kale imathandizidwa ndi mizu yakukulira. Chotengera chija chimakhala ndi pepala lakuda kuti muthunzire.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Medlar sikuti chomera chachikulu, koma kusokonezeka mwadongosolo komanso chisamaliro cholakwika kungayambitse matenda:

Muzu wowola kumachitika chinyezi chambiri, kusokonekera kwamadzi, makamaka m'malo ozizira.
Medlar amasiya kupindika ndi kuzimiririka ndi matenda oyaka a bacteria. Vutoli limatha kubzala pomwe mbewuyo imasungidwa m'matenthedwe ochepa, chinyezi chambiri padzikoli, komanso kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka.
Medlar ikukula pang'onopang'ono m'maso kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwa nthaka.

Medlar amatha kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, fungus za sooty ndi tizilombo tambiri.

Mitundu ya medlar nyumba yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mitundu ya medlar imaphatikizapo mitundu 30, yomwe iwiri imalimidwa kwambiri. Chomera chachijeremani chodutsa chomera komanso chobiriwira. Evergreen medlar Japan kapena lokva (Eriobotrya japonica) amalimidwa m'zipinda.

Medlar Japan

Masamba a mbewu zazikulu, ngati walnuts, pubescent. Zimamasuka mu yophukira pa mphukira za chaka chamawa. Zipatso, zazitali masentimita 5, zooneka ngati peyala kapena zozungulira, zokhala ndi khungu lowonda komanso zamkati yowutsa mudyo zipsa. Peel imachotsedwa mosavuta, mnofu ndi wowawasa komanso wokoma.

Zipatso zimakhala ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, michere, folic acid, calcium, amalimbitsa chitetezo chathupi komanso amateteza thupi. Zipatso zimakhala ndi zinthu zingapo za cyanide, kotero mumatha kuzidya zochepa. M'malo mchipinda, medlar sikuti pachimake sichimabala zipatso.