Catharanthus kapena "duwa lopanda cholakwika" - duwa lobiriwira kapena maluwa obiriwira wochokera kubanja la Apocynaceaekukula m'mayiko ambiri okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Amakhulupirira kuti kwawo kwa Catharanthus, chilumba cha Madagascar, komwe kumakhala kofala kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yayitali ankadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa maluwa a pinki periwinkle, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 mtundu wa Katusyus ndi womwe udasankhidwa.
Mitundu 8 mwa mitundu yake imadziwika. Mitundu yamkati imakhala ndi kutalika kwa 30 mpaka 60 cm ndipo imakulitsidwa mu chikhalidwe chosatha. Potseguka, iwo amakulitsidwa ngati chaka chilichonse. Masamba a masamba obiriwira amakhala osalala, kuyambira 3 mpaka 8 cm, achikopa, okhala ndi mtsempha wamkati, wobiriwira wakuda.
Mitundu ya masamba osakhalapo. Zimayambira ndizosalala, zowoneka bwino, zokhala pamwamba, kupereka mphukira zambiri, zojambulidwa zamtundu wobiriwira kapena wapinki. Dongosolo lamizu ndi lamphamvu, mtundu wa ndodo.
Onetsetsani kuti mwatchera khutu ku maluwa okongola a basamu wamkulu.
Kukula kwakukulu ndikokwera. | |
Limamasula kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. | |
Zomera ndizosavuta kukula. | |
Ndi mbewu yosatha. |
Zothandiza katundu
Chithunzi cha Catharanthus pinkiNgakhale kuti ziwalo zonse za chomerazi ndizopha poyipa, cataractus yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kalekale mankhwala azikhalidwe, komanso masiku amakono, komanso mwaukadaulo waluso. Madzi amakhala ndi zinthu zofunikira - ma alkaloids, omwe ali m'gulu la mankhwala ambiri. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala, awa:
- shuga wamagazi ochepa;
- okhala ndi anti-cancer, muchepetse kukula kwa zotupa ndi ma polyp;
- amachiritsa mabala ndi zilonda zam'mimba, matenda a pakhungu;
- kuchitira matenda kupuma, matenda amkamwa, matenda oopsa.
Mawonekedwe akukula kunyumba. Mwachidule
Mtengowo ndi wopanda ulemu, koma mawonekedwe okongola komanso maluwa a catharanthus a nthawi yayitali, ziyenera kuperekedwa:
Njira yotentha | Zinthu zofunikira kwambiri zimapangidwa pa kutentha kwapakati pa +20 mpaka + 25 ° C. |
Chinyezi cha mpweya | Chimawoneka chowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi chinyezi chachikulu. |
Kuwala | Katarus panyumba pamaluwa owala. |
Kuthirira | Kutsirira kuyenera kupereka chinyezi chadothi chokhazikika. |
Dothi | Ayenera kukhala ndi malo abwino okhala ndi kusinthana kwa mpweya. |
Feteleza ndi feteleza | Feteleza pang'ono pambuyo masiku 10-14. |
Thirani | Pachaka, kusunga umphumphu wa mizu. |
Kuswana | Zomera ndi mbewu. |
Kukula Zinthu | M'chikhalidwe cha pachaka komanso chosatha, m'maluwa amaluwa ndi maluwa. |
Kusamalira catharanthus kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane
Maluwa
Maluwa amagwira ntchito kuchokera pa Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Mu axils masamba, maluwa amodzi pachimake kapena amatenga awiri kapena atatu mu inflorescence. Zimapezeka kwambiri kumtunda kwa mphukira ndipo nyengo yofunda imakhala chipewa chodontha, chosangalatsa. Indoor cataranthus imatha kuphuka nthawi yozizira, koma sipadzakhala masamba.
Duwa la catharanthus lili ndi masamba asanu okhala ndi corolla yosalala komanso ma anther achikasu owala kuyang'ana kuchokera ku chubu chopapatiza. Kukula kwa maluwa m'mimba mwake kukufika masentimita 5. Mtundu wa pamakhala ndizosiyana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri umakhala monophonic. Mitundu yambiri pakati pa duwa ili ndi diso laling'ono la mitundu yosiyanako. Maluwa ake ndi onunkhira.
Zotsatira za umuna, timapepala tokhala ngati chikwakwa, timene timakhala ndi masamba 10 okwanira bwino oyenera kubzala.
Njira yotentha
M'nyengo yotentha, amamva bwino ndikutentha kambiri - kuyambira +18 mpaka 28 ° C. Mu nyengo yotentha, amafunika kuti azikhala ndi chinyezi chambiri kuti mawonekedwe amasamba asawonongeke.
M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa boma kumatsitsidwa mpaka + 13-15 ° C.
Kuwaza
Kuti atsimikizire chinyezi chokwanira, chomera cha catharanthus chimapopera madzi nthawi zonse kunyumba kuchokera ku atomizer yaing'ono yopopera malovu ndi madzi ofunda, oyeretsedwa. Nthawi yotentha, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumatha kubwerezedwanso masana. Ndi chinyezi chokwanira komanso kutentha pang'ono ndi kupopera, ndikofunikira nthawi.
Kuwala
Ndikusowa kwa dzuwa, kunyumba Catharanthus sapereka maluwa ambiri. Pansi pa chilengedwe, duwa limamera m'malo owala bwino kapena pamthunzi wowala. Zomera zamkati zimakhala ndi mawindo akumadzulo, kum'mawa kapena kumwera, zikagwedezeka nthawi yayitali kwambiri dzuwa. Ndi mpweya wokwanira, ntchito za dzuwa sizimayipa mbewu.
Kuthirira
Sungani dothi pamalo otentha pang'ono. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala pafupipafupi komanso kochulukirapo. Komabe, kusayenda kwa madzi kumavulazanso, komanso kupukuta panthaka. Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, ndikofunikira kumasula poto kuchokera kumadzi owonjezera, kupatsa mpweya mpweya mchipindacho.
Kuti achulukitse chinyezi, mphikawo umayikidwa pachikwama ndimiyala yonyowa kapena chiwiya chokhala ndi madzi chimayikidwa pafupi naye.
Mphika
Popeza kukula kwa duwa ndi kutalika kwa mizu, yomwe imafika 30-35 masentimita, kuthekera kubzala kumasankhidwa kwakukulu komanso kwakuya. Ngati mphika ndi wocheperako, kwa kanthawi kochepa, mizu yofalikira mu kuchuluka kwake ndikukula kwa chomera pang'onopang'ono. Pakutsanulira kwotsatira, kukula kwa mphikawo m'mimba mwake ndi 4-5 masentimita wamkulu kuposa woyamba.
Chofunika ndicho kupezeka kwa mabowo okwirira.
Dothi
Kuti ulimi wa catharanthus, nthaka yachonde yopanda michere, yolimba, yotsetsedwera bwino, ikhale yofunika. Soddy, tsamba lamasamba ndi peat zimasakanizika magawo ofanana ndipo mchenga wowuma kapena perlite amawonjezeredwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha peat, humus ndi mchenga. Pansi pa mphikawo yokutidwa ndi masentimita 2-3 a zinthu zomwe zikupezeka.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Panthawi yogwira komanso maluwa, ma cataractus amafunika kudya pafupipafupi katatu pamwezi. Tchuthi zapachaka zimadyetsa sabata iliyonse. Maluwa atali komanso ochulukirapo amakwaniritsidwa ndi mulingo wokwanira wa feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu. Ndikusowa kwa michere yazakudya zam'madzi, maluwa atakhala ochepa kapena sayambira konse.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito michere yovuta ku maluwa azomera zoweta, mwachitsanzo, maluwa. Zopopera zimathiridwa mu mawonekedwe osungunuka malinga ndi malingaliro a wopanga ndipo zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuthilira.
Yang'anani! Mutathira mbewu, chovala choyambirira chimachitika pambuyo pa masiku 10 mpaka 14.
Kuyika kwa Catharanthus
Mabasi amakula mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo mizu imakhala mokwanira mumphika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale zakudya zoperewera. Thirakiti ikulimbikitsidwa kuti isinthidwe ndi kasupe aliyense ndikugwiritsa ntchito osaposa zaka 2-3.
Thirani Catharanthus opangidwa ndi njira yodutsa kwa ufulu womasuka. Ntchito imachitika mosamala, ndiye kuti chomera chimayankha molakwika kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Mizu imayikidwa pamwamba pa kuya konse kwa mphika ndikuwaza malo aulere ndi dothi.
Kodi kudula catharanthus?
Kuti tithe kukongoletsa bwino tchire, ndikofunikira kuchita kutengulira kwa masika kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake. Mwanjira imeneyi, mbewuyo imapatsidwa mawonekedwe ndipo imalimbikitsa nthambi zina. Nthawi ndi nthawi gwiranani zochotsa zouma ndi zowonongeka zamasamba. Mphukira zachikale zimadulidwa ndi mpeni wosalala, achicheperewo amaphanikizidwa ndi dzanja.
Nthawi yopumula
Mkhalidwe wa mbewu zimatengera microclimate mchipindacho. Kusunga chitsamba chamuyaya kuti maluwa ambiri chaka chamawa asungidwe, kutentha pa + 12-17 ° C ndikuchepetsa kuthirira kochepa.
Yang'anani! Ngati palibe njira yochepetsera kutentha, mbewuyo ipitilira kukula ndiye kuti kuwunikira kowonjezereka kukufunikira mu tsiku laling'ono kuti mphukira zisatambasulidwe kwambiri.
Katarantus nthawi yozizira
Mitundu ya pachaka mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yomera imakhala pamalo abwino kwambiri, otentha powunika bwino. Maluwa amapitiliza kukondweretsa gawo la dzinja, pambuyo pake limatayidwa. Chomba chakatalika cha catharanthus chozokotedwa kuchokera pabedi la maluwa chimadulidwa kuti chikhale 2/3 kutalika kwake, mizu yake imayikidwa mumphika waulere, wokutidwa ndi dothi. Chidebechi chimasungidwa m'malo otentha mpaka kasupe. Pa kutentha kwa 18 + C, mbewuyo imabzalidwe panthaka.
Kukula Catharanthus kuchokera ku Mbewu
Pakumera, chidebe chosaya chodzaza ndi dothi lonyowa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zipangizo ndi nthangala zimatetezedwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Mbewu zimayikidwa pansi ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi loonda. Phimbani ndi kanema, chivundikiro chowoneka kapena galasi ndipo, mpaka mbewuzo zikulungidwe, zichoke pamalo ofunda (+ 22-25 ° C), m'malo amdima.
Nthawi yomweyo mphukira yoyamba ikawonekera, chidebe chimasinthidwa kupita pamalo abwino-owunikira ndikukhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Pa gawo loyamba, gawo la mlengalenga limakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo muzu - kwambiri. Gawo la masamba awiri owona, mbande imadzumphira mumiphika.
Simuyenera kuchedwa ndi kutola mbande, chifukwa mizu yayikulu kwambiri ikhoza kuwonongeka pakugulitsa.
Kufalikira kwa catharanthus ndi zodula
Pakufalikira kwamasamba, zodula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kudula kuchokera kumtunda kwa mphukira zobiriwira kapena njira zotsatsa zazing'ono. Kukula kwawo kumatha kukhala 5 mpaka 10cm. Shank iyenera kukhala ndi ma 2 internodes. Ntchito yokolola imakonzedwa nthawi yamasika kapena nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yopanga chitsamba. Mizu yodula m'njira ziwiri:
- Amalimbikitsidwa ndi masentimita 2-3 mu dothi lonyowa, lophatikizika. Ikani chidebe pansi pa filimuyo ndikuyika pamalo abwino. Sungani chinyezi, kutentha + 22-25 ° C ndipo nthawi zonse muziwongolera wowonjezera kutentha. Chomera chikangoyamba kukula, malo ogona amachotsedwa.
- Mu kapu yamadzi owiritsa, onjezerani madontho angapo a chothandizira kukulitsa ndikuyika phesi kuti internode imodzi ikhale m'madzi nthawi zonse. Galasi imasiyidwa pamalo otentha, owala, kukhalabe ndi madzimadzi mpaka mizu ipangidwe.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Katarantus ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe duwa limakulira, koma ngati zigawo zabwino kwambiri zikuphwanyidwa, mawonekedwe okongoletsera ndi maluwa ali ndi vuto lalikulu:
- Masamba achichepere amagwa kumachitika ndi madzi osowa, osakwanira ambiri, komanso pamagetsi ochepa komanso otentha pang'ono.
- Mawanga amdima ndi ma tubercles mawonekedwe pamasamba. chifukwa cha matenda a dzimbiri. Apezeka pamwamba pa tsamba. Pansi, mwina mawonekedwe a pustules. Zolinga zachitukuko cha dzimbiri zimapangidwa ndi kuthilira kwamadzi m'nthaka, chinyezi kwambiri, pakalibe mpweya wabwino komanso kukonzekera.
- Masamba adasanduka achikasu ndikugwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kukhala zochulukirapo dzuwa. Ndikokwanira kuchotsa duwa la maluwa pawindo kapena kuphimba akhungu kuti akonze zinthu.
- Malangizo a masamba amasanduka achikaso Catharanthus nthawi zambiri, ngati mulibe chinyezi chokwanira mchipindacho. Panyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zotheka kupukuta.
- Chitsimikizo limamasula bwino pamawonekedwe otsika komanso kutentha pang'ono. Kusunthira mumphika mu chipinda chofunda, chowala chokhala ndi chinyezi chocheperako kudzakonza zinthu.
- Masamba otsika amagwa ukalamba wawo wachilengedwe ungachitike. Kuti masamba achikale sawononga kukongoletsa, amatsukidwa nthawi zonse.
- Masamba amasanduka achikasu ndipo mbewuyo imasiya kutulutsa pomwe mizu idadzaza mphika ndipo dothi limatha. Mizu imawoneka ngakhale m'maenje okumba. Chomera sichidyetsedwa bwino ndipo chimafunikira chofunikira kumuyika.
Nthawi zina zowonongeka ndi kupindika kapena tizilombo tambiri. Izi zimachitika mu nyengo zosakwanira chinyezi. Mu chipinda chonyowa mopitilira muyeso, nsabwe za m'masamba zitha kuoneka kuti zimadya chakudya chomera.
Mitundu ya catharanthus yanyumba yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Mtundu wa Catharanthus sunachulukenso. Muli mitundu isanu ndi itatu yayikulu ndi mitundu yokongoletsera, yomwe ndi ma interspecific hybrids. Chifukwa cha ntchito yobereketsa, chodabwitsa, mbewu zophatika zidapezeka. Izi ndi mitundu ya pinki ya Catharanthus, yokhala ndi maluwa amitundu yonse yamithunzi.
Catharahus pink (Catharanthus roseus)
Ili ndi mithunzi yamitundu mitundu ya pinki. Maso ndi achikaso kapena rasipiberi. Pamatenthedwe abwino komanso pachimake pachimake chaka chonse.
Katarantus wamkulu (masewera)
Imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, mpaka 1.5 m kutsika pansi pa vuto, kutalika kwake konse komwe kumakhala ndi maluwa ofiira kuchokera kumiyala ya masamba obiriwira.
Aristocrat
Akuwombera amapanga korona wozungulira. Maluwa ochulukirapo amapezeka theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Maluwa ndi akulu, ndi maso osiyana. Mitundu ya pamakhala imayambira yoyera mpaka yofiira.
Pacific (Pacifica)
Korona wa chitsamba ndiwotsika, wopindika. Maluwa siochulukitsa, koma maluwa akuluakulu amawoneka bwino pamasamba akuluakulu owala. M'mitundu yonse yosiyanasiyana, pakatikati pa duwa mumakongoletsedwa ndi maso osiyana. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya Pacific:
- Burgundy
- Epticott
- Choyera
Choyamba kumpsompsona
Kapangidwe ka chitsamba ndi cylindrical, kutalika mpaka 40cm. Masamba ndi odera, obiriwira owala. Maluwa ndiakulu, ma petals amatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana ya pinki. Peephole - utoto wambiri kuti ugwirizane ndi ma petals.
Tsopano ndikuwerenga:
- Philodendron - chisamaliro chakunyumba, mitundu yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
- Clerodendrum - chisamaliro chakunyumba, kubereka, chithunzi
- Aeschinanthus - chisamaliro ndi kubereka kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi
- Calceolaria - kubzala ndi kusamalira kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi
- Streptocarpus - chisamaliro chakunyumba, kulima mbewu, chithunzi