Pactly peyala cactus - chisamaliro cha kunyumba, mitundu ya zithunzi

Opuntia (Opuntia) ndi chomera chabwino kuchokera ku banja la a Cactus. Mitengo yotsekemera ya cactus "ili" yokongoletsedwa "ndi mitundu yambiri ndi timagulu ta tinthu tating'onoting'ono (glochidia). Madera otentha komanso otentha ku America amadziwika kuti ndiwo mbewu yomwe idabadwe. Malo akuluakulu ogawikirako ndi kupembedzera ndi Mexico. Peyala yonyengerera ikuwonetsedwa pa chizindikiro cha dziko ndipo imatchedwa "Mexicoactactic." M'malo achilengedwe mumakhala madera ouma a India, kumapiri a Crimea.

Opacta cactus amakhala nthawi yayitali, amakula pang'onopang'ono komanso mwachisawawa: mphukira zimawonekera m'malo osayembekezeka. Mu chilengedwe, amakula mpaka 4 m kutalika ndi 2 mita mulifupi. Kunyumba, mitundu yomwe imamera pang'ono (15 - 70 cm) yokhala ndi magawo okhala ndi ma disc imakulidwa, ngakhale sizimaphuka mwakufuna kwawo. Kuti muwone maluwa owoneka bwino a peyala yabwino, muyenera kumuyambitsa bwino.

Mwa njira, mudzakhala ndi chidwi ndi cacti monga hymnocalycium ndi Schlumbergera.

Zothandiza zimatha cactus

Momwe zimachepetsera kuchuluka kwa radiation mchipindacho. Imathandizira kuti pakhale ma radiation oopsa pamagetsi, ndiye kuti njenjete zimayikidwa pafupi ndi zida zapakhomo ndi makompyuta. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, zipatso zimadyedwa. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, komanso popanga guluu, utoto, zotayira. Mafuta a Opuntia amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu cosmetology.

Mawonekedwe akukula kunyumba. Mwachidule

Kuti peyala yodabwitsika imaphuke bwino ndikukula kwathu, munthu ayenera kudziwa zokonda zake ndikuyesera kuti apange malo abwino:

Samalirani peyala prickly kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Kusamalira peyala prickly kunyumba sikovuta kwambiri. Wosamalira alendo atenga malo abwino obzala mbewu, ndipo imayamika mawonekedwe a peppy komanso maluwa osangalatsa.

Maluwa

Maluwa ngale zabwino - mwadzidzidzi. Nthawi yoyamba imamasula atakula - wazaka 10 ndi kupitilira. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembu, maluwa amodzi amodzi amapezeka pamutu wa mapeyala odabwitsa. Kunja, amafanana ndi maluwa akuluakulu ndipo amawoneka okongola - golide, ofiira kapena lalanje. Nthawi zina maluwa osavuta ozungulira amawonekera pambali.

Pakatuluka, singasunthidwe kuchoka pachiwadikirira nthawi yayitali - osati ndikuwonjezera, kapena kusamukira kwina. Chidebe chomwe chili ndi duwa chizikhala chimodzimodzi. Ngati mungatembenuzire, maluwa amatha kugwa. Pambuyo pa maluwa, mabulosi owoneka ngati peyala amapangidwa, amayamba kuwonongeka pomwe akucha. Imakutidwa ndi minga yaying'ono, mkati mwake muli mbewu.

Njira yotentha

Ulamuliro wa kutentha ndikofunika kwambiri kuti uzisamalira nthawi yozizira. Pakadali pano, nkhadze imasungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 5 - 15 ° C ndipo salola kuti iwonjezeke, apo ayi imatambasuka. M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imakhala yolimba kwambiri + 23 - 33 ° C, ndipo nthawi zambiri imalekerera kutentha kwambiri. Ngati cactus sichimatulutsa m'chilimwe, imatha kusungidwa khonde.

Kuwaza

Duwa lokongola kwambiri kunyumba limaloleza mpweya wouma bwino. Kukhesa sikumachitika. Njirayi imatha kuvulaza mbewu, kupangitsa kuti tsindewo livunde.

Kuwala

Cactus amakonda kuwala kosunthika kowala. Kwa iye, amasankha malo pawindo loyang'ana kumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa. Musalole kuti dzuwa lizigwera mwachidule. Kuti prickly peyala ikule bwino bwino, imafunikira kuyatsa kwabwino chaka chonse.

Kuthirira

Mapeyala ochenjera okhala mkati, monga chilengedwe, amakhala osagwirizana ndi chilala. M'nyengo yozizira, peyala yokhayo yamtengo wapatali imangoyatsidwa (kawirikawiri). Kutsirira kumayambiranso mu masika maluwa atapangika. M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuthirira madzi akakhala pamwamba.

Kuchita mopambanitsa kumayambitsa kuola kwa tsinde ndi mizu. Madzi ndi ofunda, madzi okhazikika. Nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa ndi mandimu kapena citric acid (madontho 3-5 kapena makhiristo 2-4 pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kwapang'onopang'ono - kudzera mu sump momwe madzi okhazikika amathira.

Mphika

Mizu ya cacti siinapangidwe bwino, kotero mphika uyenera kukhala wopanda, wokwanira mokwanira komanso wokhazikika. Cactus salekerera kusayenda kwamadzi. Mukamasankha chidebe, wina ayenera kukonda zomwe zingakhalepo malo okwanira okwanira ngalande ndi mabowo amodzi kapena angapo.

Dothi

Chomera chimakonda dothi lopepuka komanso pang'ono acid. Payenera kukhala mpweya ndi madzi olowa. Wodziwika bwino wamaluwa angafune kukonza dothi la mapeyala osakhwima ndi manja ake kuchokera pazigawo zofanana za pepala, mchenga, dongo, malovu. Amakhulupirira kuti humus yokhala ndi nayitrogeni yambiri sayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi kusakaniza. Kuchulukitsa kwa chinthuchi kudzatsogolera kutalika kwa silhouette wa cactus ndi kuchedwa kwa maluwa.

Mu shopu mutha kugula dothi losakaniza la cacti.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Feteleza ndi kuphatikiza feteleza ndikofunikira kuti chomera chikhalebe cholimba komanso kuti chikule bwino. Zosowa zawo. Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka pakati pa Seputembala, kamodzi pa masiku 30, pangani feteleza wa madzi ku cacti.

Botolo limakhala ndi feteleza mu mawonekedwe, kotero liyenera kuchepetsedwa. Njira yothetsera njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mutathirira. (mumitambo kapena nthawi yamadzulo). Sikulimbikitsidwa kuti manyowa nthawi yamaluwa.

Kuthira kwa apuntia

Kuika kumachitika mu kasupe, ngati pofika nthawi iyi palibe masamba apanga. Ma cacti ang'onoang'ono amawonjezedwa chaka chilichonse, okhwima pambuyo pazaka 3, 5 kapena kuchepera, ngati kukula kwa mphika kumagwirizanabe ndi kukula kwa duwa.

Kuika peyala yamtengo wapatali kumachitika ndi njira yopatsirana ndi kupulumutsidwa kwa nthaka. Chomera chimakhala chosasangalatsa, chazolowera mkhalidwe umodzi, kupweteka kumazika mizu mwa ena. Akaziyambiranso, zachilengedwe zimayamba kuchepa. Cactus amasamutsidwa kuchoka pagawo louma kukhala louma, ikani mthunzi; koyamba pambuyo pothanirana ndi madzi patatha sabata limodzi, kudyetsedwa pambuyo pa masabata awiri.

Zomera?

Mapeyala odulira pafupipafupi safunika. Imachitika pawiri pokha pomwe cactus akufunika thandizo mwachangu kapena atakuliratu. Poyambirira, njirayi imachitika nthawi iliyonse, ndipo chachiwiri, mutha kudikirira mpaka kasupe kapena chilimwe. Zizindikiro zakunja zisonyeze kuti kudulira mitengo yamtengo wapatali sikungachite popanda kudulira:

• madontho akuda bii adaonekera pa thunthu;
• itatambalala, imalemedwa ndipo ikhoza kugwa mu thankiyo;
• duwa loumbika ndi kukhala;
• Cactus adasanduka wachikasu ndikuyimira kukula pakutalika kwa nyengo yakukula.

Chomera chaching'ono chimachotsedwa pansi, chachikulu chimadulidwa mwachindunji mumphika. Ndi mpeni wakuthwa bwino, dulani chidacho. Ngati zowonongeka zambiri zikuwoneka pamtundu wodulidwayo, duwa sangathe kupulumutsidwa. Ngati palibe zowonongeka, chogwiriracho chimayenera kukulitsidwa ngati cholembera, osakhudza mphete ya cambial pakati.

Magawo owazidwa ndi malasha osweka. Shank imatsukidwa m'malo osasunthika, owuma milungu iwiri mpaka itatu.

Pambuyo pouma, imayikidwa pansi, osakuya, kuti isawonongeka.

Kuti pakhale kukhazikika kwakukulu, miyala imayikidwa pansi pa duwa. Amayika malo owala. Zimachitika kuti atakonza zimadwalanso: zowola komanso nkhungu zimawonekera. Pankhaniyi, kukonzanso kumachitika, ndikuyeretsa chidacho kuti chisawonongeke.

Nthawi yopumula

Nthawi yodzala mbewuyi imagwa nthawi yozizira. Pakadali pano, zipatso zamtengo wapatali za peyala zimayima, zimayamba kuyika maluwa ndikupanga kukula kwa chilimwe. Kuti kusintha kwamtendere kuchitike bwino, nkhadze sizimamwe madzi nthawi zambiri. Kumapeto kwa Novembala, amachepetsa kutentha m'chipindacho.

Mutha kupopa mpweya pafupipafupi, ndikuyika duwa pafupi ndi zenera. M'nyengo yozizira, musadye.

Kodi mungapangitse bwanji kuti phula looneka bwino lithe?

Okonda ma Cactus nthawi zonse amaganiza momwe angapangire kuti mitengo yamaluwa yamaluwa iphulike. Kusamalira mbewu moyenera chaka chonse kungathandize kukwaniritsa maluwa:

1. M'nyengo yozizira, amapuma. Maluwa samadyetsedwa, osakonzedwanso, osamwetsa madzi ambiri. Ikani zowonjezera kumbuyo kuti zithandizire kuchepa kwa kuwunika.
2. Chapakatikati, pang'onopang'ono muzolowera kuwala kowala. Pakati pa March, kudyetsa ndi kuthirira kuyambiranso; onjezani kutentha. Kuthana mu Epulo - Meyi ndizopambana.
3. M'chilimwe mutha kuwona maluwa. Mu Ogasiti, amazolowera kusiyanasiyana ndi kutentha kwa usiku ndi usana (Umu ndi momwe kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu kumayambira).
4. Mukugwa, kuchepetsa kuthirira. Ngati peyala yodabwitsayo ili pa khonde, amabwera nayo kwawo. Lekani kudyetsa. Kwezani kutentha.

Kusamalira mosamala nkhadze, palibe kukayikira: iphuka.

Kuswana

Kubwezeretsa kwa mapeyala prickly kunyumba kumachitika ndi mbewu kapena m'njira yamasamba - kudula.

Kukula mapeyala ochepa

Sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa ndi njira yayitali komanso yovuta. Mbewu zogwirizana ndi mbewu za lentil zimakutidwa ndi chipolopolo. Ngati sanakonzedwe ndi fayilo kapena sandpaper, sangathe kutsegula. Mbewu zoyesedwa zimasungidwa mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate ndikugawa pamtunda, ndikusiya pakati pawo 3, 5 cm. Spray ndi madzi oyimirira, kuphimba ndi filimu ndikusunga + 18 ° C. Kanemayo amachichotsa kuti chithandizire kumera ndi kuthirira. Mphukira zikaoneka, zimatsuka. Mbande imalowa mumiphika umodzi. Kukula kwa zaka ziwiri, kenako ndikuziika ngati mbewu zachikulire.

Kufalikira kwa ma prickly peyala odulidwa

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chidutswa chimasiyanitsidwa ndi nkhwala wachikulire, malo omwe adulidwayo amathandizidwa ndi fung fung. Zouma kwa masiku atatu. Zodulidwa zakonzedwa zimayikidwa m'nthaka chifukwa cha cacti kapena mchenga, kuzama pang'ono. Khalani ndi + 20 ° C, nthawi zina kuthirira. Mphukira zatsopano zikawoneka pachikhatho, zimasungidwa kukhala chidebe chokhazikika.

Njira yamasamba ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri yoperekera mapeyala prickly. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, mitundu ya mbewuyi imasungidwa.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Peyala yokhayokha ndiyomera yolimba, koma nthawi zina mosasamala imakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, kenako ma kacheni amasintha kunja:

• mawanga a bulauni pamasamba - kuwola kwa tsinde chifukwa kuthirira kwambiri (gawo lomwe lakhudzidwalo limadulidwira minofu yathanzi ndikuthandizidwa ndi fungicide);
• masamba ofota - kuwala pang'ono kapena chinyezi chowonjezera (konzekerani m'malo opepuka, sinthani kuthirira);
• ngale zabwino osakula - chinyezi chambiri m'nyengo yozizira; kuchepa kwa michere (sinthani kuthirira, chakudya).

Mwa tizirombo, nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tambiri, nematode, ndi mealybugs nthawi zambiri zimawukira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana nawo.

Mitundu yamapere prickly prickly prickly yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Pali mitundu pafupifupi 200, ndipo ina ndiyodziwika bwino pantchito zamaluwa.

Opuntia ficus indica / Opuntia ficus - indica

Zigawozo ndizopakidwa utoto wa azitona, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 45. Zonunkhira zingapo zamkati zimapezeka pa areoles ang'ono. Maluwa a amber hue owala. Thunthu pamunsi ndilopindika. Zipatso zimatheka.

Opuntia wokhala ndi tsitsi loyera / Opuntia leucotricha

Zidutswa za tsinde ndi zazitali kapena zokhala ndi ma disc, kutalika kwake ndi 15 - 25 cm. Maluwa ndi agolide okongola.

Peyala mwachangu (Opuntia microdasys)

Thunzi lodziwika bwino lomwe limakhala lalitali mpaka 0,6 m. Kutalika kwa zigawo zodulidwaku kumafika mpaka masentimita 15. Hard golchidia ya golide ili m'malo a areoles. Zipatso ndi zazikulu zofiira.

Opuntia bergeriana / Opuntia bergeriana

Imakula mpaka mita 1. Ili ndi magawo ambiri apakati, kutalika 0, 2. mita spines yayitali chikakhala pafupi ndi maluwa. Mapeyala oyenda pang'ono ndi inflorescence amtundu wamoto ndi pestle wobiriwira.

Opuntia gosselin / Opuntia gosseliniana

Maluwa amayamba ali aang'ono. Magawo a toyesa achinyamata amapakidwa utoto. Magawo okhala ndi utoto wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi buluzi wopindika. Zofewa zazitali zimangowona gawo lokhalo la zigawo.

Peyala yonyentchera ndi chomera chodabwitsa. Popeza atakhala kutali ndi dziko lakunja ndi minga lakuthwa, imayang'ana kwambiri eni ake komanso malo ozungulira kwa nthawi yayitali. Pokhapokha poyang'anira chisamaliro chofatsa momwe peyala yamapulogalamu imatsegulira kuwala kwake kowala.