Matenda a mitengo yazipatso, matenda a mitengo yazipatso

Mitengo yazipatso ndimakongoletsedwe a dimba lililonse kapena kanyumba ka chilimwe ndipo, chowonadi, kunyadira kwa wolima. Mapeto ake kuyesa kuzisamalira ndi zokolola zambiri. Komabe, ngati zingatanthauze mbeu zomwe zili pamalowo mosazungulira, osazungulira moyenera, mutha kuyiwala za zipatso zakupsa ndi thanzi. Monga cholengedwa chilichonse, mtengo umatha kugwidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuzindikiritsa munthawi yake, chithandizo komanso kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale maluwa komanso kukolola bwino zaka zambiri.

Matenda A Mtengo Wazipatso

Matenda amitengo imatha kubweretsa zovuta kwambiri kwa wolima dimba. Magulu awiri akuluakulu amatha kusiyanitsidwa:

• matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa wa phytopathogenic;
• matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya;

Mitengo yazipatso

Kulowa kudzera mu minofu yowonongeka ya mtengowo kapena "stomata", yomwe imapatsa mtengowo kupumira, ma parasites amawononga kwambiri chomera, mpaka kufa kwake. Kuti muthane ndi kuthana ndi vuto lowopseza, muyenera "kudziwika nokha." Sizingakhale zovuta kuti wodziwa dimba azindikire matenda amitengo ya zipatso ndikusankha njira zoyenera zoyambira.

Chachikulu matenda fungal mitengo

Ngozi yayikulu kwambiri yopezeka zipatso ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, omwe imayambitsa theka la matenda onse azomera. Kudutsa pakati pa makungwa kapena malo owonongeka, bowa amakula mwachangu, ndikupanga magulu omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa zinthu zomwe akukhala nazo.

Milky kuwala

Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi mtundu wa siliva wamasamba, omwe amatsogolera pakuuma ndi kufa. Choyamba, zipatso zamkaka zimakhazikika kum'mwera, kenako zimafalikira kumtengo wonsewo. Ngati mutenga nthawi munthawi yake, mutha kupulumutsa mtengo ndi mbewu.

Milky kuwala

Seporia

Matenda omwe amakhudza kwambiri peyala. Kukhazikika kwa matendawa kumadziwika ndi kuwoneka pamasamba oyera owongoka mawanga okhala ndi imvi yomera. Ndi kukula kwa matendawa, mawanga a bulauni amawoneka m'mabala - ma pycnids. Kudwala matendawa kumayambitsa kupukuta ndi kugwa kwamasamba.

Phyllosticosis

Mtundu umodzi wosasangalatsa kwambiri wa dzimbiri. Chizindikiro choyamba ndi kudzikundikira kwa madontho a bulau wa pycnidium, ndipo atayanika, mabowo amapezeka m'malo mwake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbewuyo imakhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Ngati sanachitepo kanthu mwachangu, mtengowo umafooka ndipo umatha kufa.

Moniliosis

Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi chinsalu cha bulauni, malo amasovu. Matendawa amakhudza mphukira zatsopano ndi masamba. Zipatso zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi moniliosis zimakhala ndi fungo labwino la mowa.

Powdery mildew

Pankhani ya powdery mildew, pamasamba ndi achinyamata mphukira kuwalako kumawonekera, kofanana ndi fumbi, masamba amapindika mosapindulitsa, ndipo zipatso zimakhala ndi uncharacteristic pubescence.

Scab

Matenda oyamba kwambiri komanso owopsa a mitengo ya zipatso, makamaka mitengo ya maapulo ndi mapeyala. Matenda amatuluka kudzera mu impso ndikufalikira padziko lonse la mtengowo. Matendawa amatha kuzindikirika ndi pachimake pachimaso chobiriwira kuyambira masamba kupita zipatso.

Scab

Madera omwe akudwala ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa nthawi yomweyo. Popeza bowa ndiwothekera kwambiri, musadzaze ma kompositi ndi zinthu zochotsedwa kapena zisiyeni mu mulch. Ndikofunikira kuthira mitengo ndikukonzekera fungicidal, monga Teldor, Meloli DOW, Alatt, ndi zina. Yankho limakonzedwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo ochokera kwa wopanga. Kukonzanso kumachitika mobwerezabwereza masiku 15-30.

Matenda a bacteria

Bacteria ndizamoyo zopanda pake, zakudya zomwe, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi bowa, zimachitika mwa parasitizing pazomera za zipatso. Matenda a bakiteriya nawonso ndi oopsa kwa mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba kuposa izi fungus. Bacteria imayambitsa mitengo yazipatso pakuwonongeka kwa makina, mwachitsanzo, ikadulira. Chovuta kwambiri ku matenda opatsirana ndi zipatso ndi mitengo ya apulo, mapeyala, ma plums, mapichesi, ma apricots.

Bacteria watentha

Zimayamba chifukwa chakuti zoyera zimatuluka fungo lokhazikika, zomwe zimatulutsidwa chifukwa cha matendawa, zimafalikira msanga ngati tsamba patsamba lonse. Inflorescence imayamba kukhudzidwa, kenako masamba. Gawoli limawonedwa ngati lanyalanyazidwa pamene, kuwonjezera pa inflorescence, mphukira zazing'ono ndi makungwa zimakhudzidwa. Ndizachidziwikire kuti inflorescence yodwala siyisungunuka ndipo imatha kukhalabe pamtengwo nyengo yonseyo, ndipo mawonekedwe a "marble" obowunda amawonekera pazigawo za khungwa.

Bacteria watentha

Kugunda kwa mitengo ya zipatso

Chifukwa chiyani khungubwe limasweka pamitengo yazipatso, ndi njira yanji yosankhira - mafunso omwe nthawi zonse amabwera kwa wolima dimba yemwe wapeza ufa pamtengo wa apulo kapena peyala wokondedwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi zimasiyana siyana, koma nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala mitundu mitundu ya omwe amaletsa zipatso.

Khansa yakuda ya apulo

Bacteriaum, yomwe imagwera pamtengo wowonongeka wa mtengo mu nthawi yophukira, imakhala pansi pake nthawi yonse yozizira. Chapakatikati, mutha kupeza madontho akuda akuda, kuwonetsa kupezeka kwazidziwitso zowonongeka. Matendawa akamakula, kufalikira ndi kuwonongeka kwa khungwa, tsamba limagwa zipatso zisanakhwime, nthawi zina, kudula zipatso kumatha kuwonedwa. Muzovuta kwambiri, thunthu lonse limakhudzidwa.

Khansa yakuda

Cytosporosis

Matenda omwe amayamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa khungwa la thunthu, kufalikira ku nthambi yonse. Popeza makungwa omwe akhudzidwa ndi matendawa sasiyana ndi athanzi, ndikovuta kwambiri kuzindikira kudwala koyamba.

Khansa wamba kapena ku Europe

Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi zofiirira zofiirira zomwe zimawoneka bwino pamtengo ndi nthambi. Matendawa akamakula, ma tubercles amawoneka mozungulira zinthu zodzikongoletsa - malo omwe anthu amakhala ndi fungus spores. Mphepo yodwala matendawa amatenga matenda ndi kufa kwa khungwa ndi kupatulidwa kwake mozungulira mabwalo okhala ndi mapikisano m'mphepete.

Khansa Yobzala Yam'mimba

Zomera zonse zamitengo ndi tchire zimatha kudwala. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndi kuchuluka kwa minofu ya muzu kapena muzu. Kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa kumalimbikitsa mapangidwe a zophuka, chifukwa chomwe madzi amtengowo amasokonekera. Gawo la mizu imafa. Kuchepetsa kukula kumatsogolera ku dothi kuti likhale loyambitsa matenda, chifukwa chake mosavomerezeka kumabweretsa kufalikira.

Khansa Yobzala Yam'mimba

Sizingatheke kuti muchotsere khansa ya bakiteriya ya mbande. Komabe, zili mu mphamvu yake kufalitsa kufalikira kwa matenda. Kwa izi, zokonzekera zamkuwa zamkuwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kudulira mitengo kuyenera kuchitidwa ndikulandidwa kwamtundu wathanzi osachepera masentimita 10. Magawo atsopano, pofuna kupewa kutenganso matenda, ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi varnish ya m'munda kapena putty. Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza zida zam'munda nthawi zonse ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, chifukwa mabakiteriya angakhalemo.

Mukaphunzirapo za nthenda zofala kwambiri za mitengo yazipatso, mudzatha kuzizindikira pakapita nthawi ndikusankha chithandizo choyenera. Nthawi zina, izi zithandizira kupulumutsa moyo wa mbewuyo, chifukwa singathe kuthana ndi matendawa pawokha.