Alpine violet (cyclamen) ndi chomera chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimamasula chipale chofewa chikakhala pansi pazenera. Chifukwa chake duwa lidatchedwa dzina. Malo omwe cyclamen adabadwa ndi mapiri. Otsala adabzala mitundu yambiri yatsopano yomwe imasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, mawonekedwe pa iwo, ndi mtundu wa maluwa. Alpine violet akhoza kukhala wamkulu ngati chomera chomera kapena chomera.
Kodi mapira a alpine amawoneka bwanji?
Cyclamen amakula kuchokera ku tubers, chitsamba. Chomera chachikulire chimakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Masamba amapezeka pazodula zazitali zofiirira. Maluwa asanu-peteled, okwera pazomera zazitali.
Zoweta zidabereka mitundu 22 ya mapiri a alpine, omwe amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
- zofiirira (European - Cyclamen purpurascens);
- Persian (Cyclamen Persicum).
Kuphatikizika kwakukulu
Kwa mitundu yomwe ikamera panyumba imaperekedwa patebulo.
| Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cyclamen | Kukula kwa mbewu | Nthawi ya maluwa | Kufotokozera kwamaluwa |
| Umbrella, Persian, Hybrid | muyezo | Disembala - Meyi | maluwa ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa pinki, mawonekedwe osazolowereka, pinki |
| Lulu, Persian, wosakanizidwa | mpaka 30 cm | limamasula miyezi 4 | maluwa ofiira, m'mphepete mwa petal |
| Victoria, kupitirira, wosakanizidwa | pafupifupi | Disembala - Meyi | Terry pamakhala, toni ziwiri: yoyera pansi, rasipiberi pamwamba |
| Maurice Dryden, Kos | muyezo | Disembala - Marichi | mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, m'munsi mwa mafelemu muli mawu abwino |
| Roseum, Kos | pafupifupi | Disembala - Marichi | pinki yowala ndimaso amdima |
Kuti muwone bwino duwa lanyumba, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi gawo liti.
Ndi okongola bwanji
Nkhani yodziwika bwino ya cyclamen idayamba mumzinda wa Delhian ku Canada. Mmenemo, pomwe chuma chidachepa, malo ogulitsira maluwa adatsegulidwa. Duwa loyamba lomwe linaperekedwa kwa makasitomala linali lotchedwa cyclamen kuchokera kumapiri. Tsopano malo ogulitsa maluwa a Farmley Flowers asandulika msipu waukulu wobiriwira momwe ma cyclamens, mitundu yosiyanitsa mitundu, imaphukira kugwa kulikonse.
Zinthu zosamalira alpine violets kunyumba
Mukayang'ana cyclamen yofatsa, zimawoneka kuti ndiwathanzi komanso amakonda kutentha. Koma sizachabe kuti mawu oyamba dzinali ndi "Alpine". Duwa limakonda kuzizira ndi kuwala, motero, pawindo, pomwe kutentha kwapakatikati kumadutsa, maluwa omwe ali ndi mapiri a alpine alibe malo. Iyenera kuyikidwa m'chipinda chozizira kwambiri kapena khonde.
Kutentha
Mwachilengedwe, mapiri a alpine amapanga maulendo obisika atangochotsa mapiri opanda chipale chofewa. M'nyumba, duwa limamera bwino pakupanga madigiri 10 −15. M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuchotsa poto pamwala wowala.
Kuwala
Mountain violet imakonda kuwala, koma kuwongola dzuwa mwachindunji kumawononga. Zoyenera kwambiri ndi mazenera omwe ali kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Palibe kuwala kokwanira pazenera zakumpoto za alpine violet. M'zipinda zakumwera, duwa limatha kukhala patali ndi zenera.
Kuthirira
Thirani duwa ndi madzi ofewa, otetezedwa. Kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa kutentha kwa chipindacho. Mtundu utagwa, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Zambiri! Ambiri olima m'minda amayeserera kuthirira pa pallet.
Kuwaza
Masamba asanatsegule, agogo a cyclamen amatha kusamba ozizira - kutsitsi. Njirayi imawonjezera chinyezi chachipinda ndikuchepetsa kutentha.
Kuthirira cyclamen
Dothi
Dothi lodzala mapiri okongola ndi chisakanizo cha zinthu zingapo, zomwe ndizosavuta kudzikonzekera.
Zosakaniza zotsatirazi ziyenera kusakanikirana:
- humus (1 gawo),
- mchenga (gawo limodzi),
- peat (gawo 1)
- pepala lamtundu (magawo awiri).
Alimi okhazikika amati peat ikhoza kudziwikanso.
Tcherani khutu! Ndikofunikira kuti cyclamen ipereke acidity ya nthaka. Iyenera kukhala pakati pa 5-6 pH.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Muyenera kudyetsa chitsamba musanafike maluwa, ikamera masamba. Mutha kumwa feteleza kapena mchere.
Mukamadyetsa, ndikofunikira kusunga pafupipafupi - kamodzi pa sabata.
Alpine violet imayamba liti ndipo ndi motani?
Mitundu yambiri ya zotchedwa alpine violets imatulutsa utoto ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yophukira. Kuti maluwa ayende bwino, pamafunikanso michere yambiri, kutentha kwina kwa mpweya, chinyezi ndi kuyatsa.
Maluwa a cyclamen ndiosiyana pakakulidwe ndi utoto - kuchokera kuyera yoyera mpaka burgundy ndimtambo wakuda, wofiirira.
Mapeyalawo amawerama kumbuyo ndikufanana ndi mapiko a gulugufe. M'mphepete mwa miyala yanthaka mutha kukhala osavuta, osema, otanthauza ndi mphonje, wokhala ndi malire amitundu yambiri.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cyclamen yamkati sikhala pachimodzimodzi. Cyclamen yaku Perisiya imakondwera ndi maluwa ake nthawi yozizira, ndi maluwa aku Europe nthawi yotentha. Ngati Persia amatha kuponya mapesi a maluwa kutenthetsa kwa + 10 ° C, ndiye kuti cyclamen yaku Europe idzaphuka kwambiri, ngakhale ngati pa thermometer + 23 ° C.
Zokhudza: obereketsa amabala mitundu ya zipatso zam'mapapo zomwe zimatha pachimake chaka chonse. Awa makamaka mitundu yosakanizidwa.
Nthawi yozungulira ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapiri a alpine ndi yofanana: mawonekedwe a masamba, maluwa amodzi, maluwa opaka, kuyanika kwa mphukira, kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zofunika panthawi yopumira.
Momwe alpine violet amafalikira
Ma Florists amafalitsa scum (ili ndi dzina lina la alpine violets) m'njira ziwiri - mbewu ndi kudula.
Masamba oyamba
Kumera kwa mbeu
Kukula mapira a zipatso za alpine kumatenga nthawi yayitali.
Choyamba muyenera kupanga maluwa kubereka, ndipo chifukwa chake muyenera kupukutira mbewuyo. Kumayambiriro kwa njirayi, sankhani duwa ndikugogoda. Mungu udzauluka ndikukhazikika pa maluwa ena.
Pambuyo pakuvota, bokosi limawonekera pakapita kanthawi. Ikangoyamba kutsamira, imayenera kumetedwa, kuyesedwa ndikufesa mbewu kuti zimere. Kuti muchite izi, pangani njira ya shuga ya 5% ndikuchepetsa mbewuyo. Mbeu zophuka zimira pansi.
Yang'anani! Zomera zabwino zomwe zimatengedwa zaka 1.5 −2 zapitazo.
Mapiritsi a peat amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumera kwa mbeu.
Mizu yodula
Alpine cyclamen akhoza kufalitsidwa ndi rosette pamizu. Kukula kuyenera kudula ndikuwabzala m'nthaka yatsopano. Ndikosavuta kufalitsa mbewuyo ndi masamba ake.
Wofesa maluwa, wofunitsitsa kubereka cyclamen, amatha kuyesa njira zonse za kubereka ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri machitidwe ake.
Thirani mutagula - buku
Alpine violet (Cyclamen) sayenera kuvomerezedwa kuti akagulitsidwa mukangogula.
M'chaka chimodzi, mphukira yoyamba ikawonekera pamwamba pa tuber, yambani ndikusintha ndikutsatira malongosoledwe:
- choikamo maluwa chizikhala chachikulu 2 cm kuposa babu;
- dothi loyimira chisakanizo cha peat, mchenga, sphagnum wosweka, vermiculite ndi makala angagulidwe ku malo ogulitsa maluwa;
- dongo lakukula lidzafunikira madzi okwanira;
- ngalande, gawo lapansi limatsanuliridwa mumaluwa wamaluwa ndi dothi lakuda;
- cyclamen tuber imayikidwa mu duwa la maluwa (pafupifupi 1/3 ya tuber imakhalabe pamtunda);
- nthaka imathiridwa ndikuwapanikizidwa pang'ono;
- chomera chowokeredwa chimathiriridwa ndi yofooka yankho la manganese.
Chakudya cha mbewu chimatha kuchitika pokhapokha masamba achichepere atayamba kukula.
Kubzala ng'ombe
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula kwa alpine violets
Alpine violet amafuna chisamaliro mosamala kunyumba. Amachita chidwi kwambiri ndi zolakwitsa.
Matenda
Pali matenda ambiri chifukwa chomwe nthumwi yazomera zam'mimba imatha kutaya kukopa kwake.
Chotupa chitha kuponya masamba mwadzidzidzi - zikutanthauza kuti chipindacho chili chotentha, chinyezi sichokwanira.
Kuola kwamaluwa kumatha kukhala chinyezi. Poterepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa mphukira zowonongera, gwiritsani ntchito toyesa ndi fungicide.
Tcherani khutu! The causative othandizira a fusariosis amakhudza mitsempha ya magazi a chomera, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa maluwa. Iyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la maziko a msingi, kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika "pansi pamizu".
Tizilombo
European violet imatha kuukira tizirombo.
- Tizilombo ta njovu titakhala pamaluwa, timasenda masamba, ndipo timadzuwa timene timakhala zipatso zake. Kulimbana ndi tizilombo ngati izi ndizovuta.
- Mutha kumenya nkhondo ndi nkhanambo (aphid): chotsani anthu akuluakulu ndi mphutsi zawo, kuthana ndi masamba ndi sopo yankho ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mavuto ena
Olima maluwa ambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa akamasamba a chomera chachikulu chikasanduka chikasu. Izi ndizabwinobwino: duwa akukonzekera kupuma. Zomera zimatha kufuna chifukwa chosowa malo mumphika, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa nthaka. Zimachitika kuti ma peduncles ndi afupikitsa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuwonjezera kuthirira.
Ma cyclamen sangasangalale pokhapokha mkati mwa nyumba. Ogulitsa maluwa akuchulukirachulukira akuyika maluwa a maluwa owoneka bwino m'mabedi amaluwa. Chimawoneka bwino pa khonde lotchingidwa ndi ivy. Kuphatikizika kwa cyclamen kuphatikiza ndi zitsamba zokongoletsera muzomera wopachika kumapangitsa mtunda kukhala wokongola. Kufalikira kwachizungu ndi chisonyezero cha chikondi chonse. Ngati mumasamalira bwino duwa, liziwomba ndi kukongola kwapadera kwa zaka zambiri motsatana.
