Mtengo uwu ndi mtundu wa mbewu zobiriwira zobiriwira zamtundu wa Pilea, zomwe zimachokera ku banja la nettle. Chikhalidwe chakutchire chimapezeka ku China, Indochina ndi Vietnam. Kadie yosiyanasiyana imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kutalika kwa masamba ndi kusalemekeza. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zomwe pilya uyu ndi: chisamaliro cha kunyumba, kubereka, kufotokozera, maonekedwe, matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kodi Kadieu akuwona chiyani
Kutalika kwa mphukira kumayambira 30 mpaka 40 cm. Zimayambira zomwe zimakhala m'munsi ndizochepa kwambiri, poyamba zimakhala zowongoka, koma pamapeto pake zimapinda ndi kukhala nthambi zambiri. Masamba amatha kukhala lanceolate kapena oval, omwe ali pambali pa petioles. Kutalika kwa mbale ndi pafupifupi 8 cm, m'lifupi ndi 5. cm Mizere imayenda mbali zonse za Midrib, yogawika zidutswa ndi malo obiriwira. M'mphepete mwa masamba mumakonzedwanso ndi convex siliva. Mtundu wonyezimira umatsimikiziridwa ndikuti mawonekedwe amipangidweyo ali ndi mawonekedwe opindika.
Zambiri! Mitundu ya Pilea imaphatikizapo mitundu 400. Maluwa alibe mtengo wokongoletsera.
Kukula kunyumba
Pilea sakusintha mu chisamaliro, motero sizovuta makamaka pakulima nyumba.
Malamulo oyambira akukula
Kutentha kwakanthawi mkati mwake kumachokera ku 20 ° C mpaka 24 ° C (nthawi yachilimwe). Zoyambira zosachepera nthawi yozizira ndi 15 ° C.
Zofunika! Zojambula ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndizosavomerezeka, apo ayi mbewuyo imatha kudwala ndikufa.
Chikhalidwe chimafuna kuyatsa kowala. Mphezi zachindunji zimapha maluwa. Malo abwino kwambiri a pylea ndi zenera lakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Ngati izi sizingatheke, mbali yakumwera ndiyoyeneranso, koma pokhapokha duwa lizikhala patali kuchokera pawindo kapena yokutidwa ndi chinthu chowoneka bwino.
Kupanda kuyatsa kumapangitsa kuti masamba awonongeke. M'chilimwe, duwa limatha kupita naye kukhonde, koma ngati mbewuyo yatetezedwa ku dzuwa.
Zomera zimakonda kuwala kowala
M'nyengo yozizira, komanso kuwala kwachilengedwe mu nyengo yamitambo, maofesi amafunika kuwunikira kowonjezereka.
Masabata 1-2 pambuyo poti mbewu yatengera kukula kwaudzu, ziyenera kusamutsidwira kwina ndi chitsulo china.
Panthawi yogwira komanso kukula, duwa liyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa chilengedwe chonse. M'nyengo yozizira, pafupipafupi kuvala kwapamwamba kumachepetsedwa mpaka nthawi 1 m'masiku 30.
Dothi
Zomera zimakonda dothi losalowerera kapena locheperapo pang'ono, lokhala ndi michere yambiri. Osakaniza angagulidwe m'sitolo (dothi lokongoletsa masamba obzala) ndikuwonjezera vermiculite kapena perlite kwa iyo kapena kukonzanso dothi lanu. Potsirizira pake, muyenera:
- humus;
- dothi lamasamba;
- dziko la peat;
- mchenga wowuma.
Zosakaniza zotchulidwa zimatengedwa muyezo wa 2: 2: 1: 1, kuphatikiza ndi kusakanikirana bwino. Asanatsike plae, chida chamadzi chamadzi chambiri chimayikidwa pansi pamphika.
Tcherani khutu! Maluwa atha kubzalidwa hydroponically, ndiye kuti, popanda dothi pazinthu zomanga.
Kusakaniza kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala kopepuka komanso kotayirira kuti kudutsa mpweya ndi chinyezi bwino.
Thirani
Ndondomeko ya toyesa ana kuchitika chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa masika, achikulire amapangidwa ndikukula. Malo okumbika ophatikizidwa ndi dongo kapena tchipisi tokhala ndi njerwa amaikidwa pansi pamphika. Makulidwe osanjikiza ayenera kukhala 1.5-2 masentimita. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kupatsirana kuphatikizidwe ndi kutsina ndi kukonzanso.
Zofunika! Chifukwa cha kupangika kwa chitsamba, zodulidwa zimatsalira, pomwe mbewu yatsopano imatha kupezekanso.
Mutha kubzala shema mumchidebe chimodzi ndi zikhalidwe zina, ndikupanga nyimbo. Duwa limakhala bwino ndi ferns, fittonia, peperomia (mitundu yaying'ono-yopendekera). Kufanana kwa mbewuzi kumagona pafupifupi zonse zomwe zalimidwa komanso kulimidwa.
Zofunika! Saloledwa kuphatikiza nkhuni ndi tsamba lalikulu, zomwe zimakulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa zimaphwanya mbewu mumphika.
Kusankha kwa mphika
Kukula kwake kuyenerana ndi kapangidwe ka mizu ya duwa. Mizu ya chikhalidwe ichi ndi yopanda mphamvu, yaying'ono, komanso yopanda. Chifukwa chake, mphika uyenera kusankhidwa laling'ono (kuya kuchokera 7.5 mpaka 10 cm), lonse ndi mabowo amadzala.
Kukula kwa maluwa sikuyenera kukhala kwakuya
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira
Kadye si duwa wokonda madzi, choncho chinyezi chowonjezera chimakhala chovulaza (chinyezi chosasunthika mumphika chimatha kudzetsa madzi ndikuwunda kwa mizu). Kuyanika dothi kwakanthawi, chikhalidwecho chimalolera bwino.
Kutsirira kumachitika nthawi zonse komanso mokwanira ndi madzi oyera (osasankhidwa kapena osemedwa). Pakufunika nthawi yochulukirapo pakati pa machitidwe kuti dziko lapansi ikhale ndi nthawi youma pang'ono.
Tcherani khutu! Kuthirira kwambiri ndizowopsa makamaka nyengo yachisanu. Kuthirira mbewu panthawiyi ndikofunikira osaposa nthawi 1 pa sabata.
Chikhalidwe chimamva bwino m'malo otentha kwambiri. Komabe, ndikosafunikira kupopera maluwa, popeza madontho amadzimadzimadzimadzimadzira pamasamba. Kuti achulukitse chinyezi, dongo lokwanilidwa limawonjezeredwa papoto la mphikawo ndipo limanyowa nthawi zonse.
Zochitika Zamaluwa
Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kudulira maluwa atapangidwa, chifukwa khungwali limamasula nondescript. Chifukwa cha njirayi, mmera umalandiranso mphamvu zowonjezereka kuti zikule ndi kukhazikika (sizifunikira kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito pa maluwa a ovary ndikuwasunga bwino).
Impso ndi kudulira
Popeza Kadier pylaea imakula kwambiri, chitsamba posakhalitsa chimayamba kuoneka bwino. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndikofunikira kutsina nsonga za nthawi imodzi m'milungu iwiri ndi itatu.
Chapakatikati, mphukira zonse zimakonzedwa kuti kutalika kwa maziko ake ndi 8-10 cm.
Kufalikira kwa pylaea ndi odulidwa
Fotokozerani maluwa ndi tsinde kudula ndikulimbikitsidwa mu kasupe kapena chilimwe. Ma internode atatu akuyenera kupezeka pazodulidwa za 7 cm. Mbande zimayikidwa mu dothi lotayirira, mumchenga kapena mumtsuko wamadzi. Kenako amaphimbidwa ndi mtsuko wagalasi (kapena wokutidwa ndi polyethylene), potero amapanga malo obiriwira. Masamba a chogwirizira sayenera kukhudza makoma a chotengera.
Mu banki imodzi mutha kuyika njira zingapo nthawi imodzi. Mbande zimayikidwa pamalo otentha pomwe sipatha kufikira dzuwa. Mizu ikangowonekera, botolo limatha kuchotsedwa ndipo chomera chotsalayo chitasungidwa sabata imodzi. Kenako, chidebe chimasinthidwa kupita pamalo abwino. Mphukira zokulira zimasinthidwa kumiphika ndikuyamba kuzisamalira monga mwa dongosolo.
Kuswana kwa Kadye
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Mavuto omwe angabuke pamene mbewu zakulima zikuchitika chifukwa cha zolakwitsa zinale:
- masamba amayamba kuchepa ndikuyamba kuwonongeka nthawi yayitali kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri, komanso nthawi yayitali pakati pa kuthirira (duwa limayamba kuuma chifukwa chosowa chinyezi);
- Masamba amasandulika akuda ndi kugwa, gawo lotsika la mphukira limawola. Chifukwa chake ndi kuthirira kwambiri;
- masamba achikasu ndi a bulauni amawonekera pamasamba. Chifukwa chake ndi kuwunika kwadzuwa;
- kusowa kwa kuunika kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa masamba a siliva pamasamba, komanso kuthana ndi masamba ndi kutalika kwa mphukira;
- ngati mphukira wavumbulutsidwa (gawo lamunsi la masamba limataya masamba), izi zikutanthauza kuti mbewuyo imafunikira kukonzanso.
Matenda ndi tizirombo: gome
| Zizindikiro | Chifukwa | Kuthetsa mavuto |
| Mbewu imangiriridwa mu kanjira kakang'ono, masamba amafota, kuterera. | Spider mite. Makhalidwe abwino pakugawika - malo owuma. | Pukutani maluwa ndi madzi amchere, musambitse pansi pofunda, ndikuwachitira ndi adelo. |
| Masamba amawuma ndikuyamba kugwa. Ndikosavuta kwambiri kubwezera mbewu yake momwe idasinthira. | Chotchinga | Pillia azichitira attelikom kapena fitoverm. |
| Kunja kwamasamba kumakutidwa ndi mitu yambiri ya mthunzi wowala | Zopatsa | Ndalamazi ndizofanana ndi zomwe zidachitika kale. |
| Chomera chimakutidwa ndi zokutira yoyera, chofanana ndi ufa. Utoto wokutira wowoneka bwino (mame a uchi) umawonekera pazinthu za pylaea, duwa limakhala loopsa. | Mealybug | Chomera chimayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi a sopo, kenako kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (actara, fitoverm). |
Tcherani khutu! Chovuta chachikulu ndikuti ndizovuta kudziwa tizirombo ta motley pamtunda wa masamba okongola.
Mitundu yotchuka
Chikhalidwechi sichimakonda maluwa ambiri, ngakhale masamba masamba amawoneka kawirikawiri. Izi zimachitika nthawi ya chilimwe. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, oyera mu utoto, chigwa, omwe ali ndi mitengo yambiri. Poyerekeza ndi masamba owala, ali pafupifupi osawoneka.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyofunika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa:
Pilea Cadiera
Zimayambira zimatha kutalika masentimita 40. Pakapita nthawi, zimayamba kukhala nthambi. Masamba ndi chowulungika ndi nsonga yosongoka ndi misempha itatu. Mayina ena odziwika bwino amtunduwu ndi siliva wamtengo, mtengo wa aluminiyamu, womwe adamupatsa mogwirizana ndi zojambula zokongola. Masamba obiriwira owala (kapena kuti obiriwira) obiriwira amakhala ndi masamba awiri osiyanitsidwa ndi siliva.
Pilea adakanikiza
Masamba ndiwobiriwira pang'ono, ang'ono, angapo. Mabasi squat, lopotana.
Pilea Depressa
Pilea Alumi
Masamba adapakidwa utoto wowoneka wobiriwira, wokhala ndi makwinya, malo oterera ndi mitsempha ya kape.
Mwa mitundu ina yotchuka ya pylaea ndi:
- monolithic;
- mbale;
- wokutidwa;
- peperomoid;
- Lebanoni
- ana aang'ono;
- zokwawa.
Kadier ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya pylaea, yotchuka chifukwa chokongoletsa ndi masamba. Mtengowo ndi wopanda ulemu, kotero ngakhale woyambitsa amatha kuthana ndi zomwe zalembedwazo. Kudziwa zomwe Kadieu's pilya amatengera - chisamaliro chakunyumba, kulima, kubereka - zingathandize kuthana bwinobwino ndi ntchitoyi.
