Kwa anthu ambiri olima dimba, duwa lotchedwa ntshinjade limadziwika ngati mtengo wokongoletsa. Osachepera mlingo womwe chikhalidwe chimakhala nacho chofunikira chifukwa cha machiritso. Ichi ndi mbewu yosangalatsa kwambiri, yomwe imatha kukhala udzu, shrub, sapling, yokhala ndi zokwawa, zowongoka, kapena phesi lodzala, kutengera mtundu womwewo.
Kukongoletsa nightshade sikuti kumatulutsa mokongola. Pakupanga zipatso, duwa lokongola lamankhwala limakutidwa ndi zipatso zazing'ono mu mawonekedwe a mipira yotuwa. Popeza zipatso zimacha mosiyanasiyana, mabulosi aliwonse amatha kujambulidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana: wotumbululuka wachikasu, lalanje, ofiira.
Nightshade - chomera chokongoletsera kwambiri
Mitundu yayikulu
Indoor nightshade ndi a banja la nightshade. Mwa zina mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ili ndi izi.
Pichepe pafupi
Mtunduwu ndi udzu womwe umakula kutalika mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. Nightshade ali ndi tsinde loyang'ana wowongoka komanso lopanda matanga ndipo lili ndi timiyala zachikasu.
Prickly nightshade si chomera chokongola kwambiri
Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe owumbika, owoneka bwino. Tchire limamasula ndi maluwa achikasu, omwe amakhala kumpoto kwenikweni kwa tsinde. Maluwa amachitika nthawi ya June mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Kubzala zipatso nightshade kumayamba mu Okutobala. Ichi ndichikhalidwe chamtundu uliwonse komanso cha thermophilic chomwe chimakonda dothi lotayirira. Kulimako kumachitika kokha ndi mbewu.
Chikachikasu chachikaso
Polankhula zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, sizotheka kutchula chikasu. Chitsamba ichi chimakula pafupifupi mpaka theka la mita, chimasiyana. Masamba osiyanasiyana ndi ochepa, maluwa oyera, amapangidwa mwambiri. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala pafupifupi pachilimwe chonse. Zipatso za nightshade ndizochepa kwambiri, zimakhala zotsekemera, zachikasu.
Chimawoneka ngati chikasu chachikasu mumtchire
Mitundu ina
Kuphatikiza pazomwe tafotokozazi, pali mitundu ingapo ya nightshade, yomwe imayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi alimi a maluwa. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- chimphona chachikulu, chokulirapo mpaka mita sikisi ndi kutulutsa osati maluwa amodzi, koma ndi ziwopsezo;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya jasmine nightshade, yomwe ikukula bwino mpaka mamita anayi ndi maluwa oyera, okumbukira mwamphamvu jasmine;
- Wendland nightshade, yemwenso akufikira mamita anayi kuthengo kwawo ku mapiri a Central America;
- Zeaforta nightshade, chomwe ndi chitsamba chobiriwira nthawi zonse, chamaluwa chake chimapitilira kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Zambiri. Pakakulitsa mtundu uliwonse wamakhalidwe abwino m'chipinda, munthu sayenera kuyembekezera kuti duwa lidzafika kukula kwakukulu.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Nthawi zambiri, kunyumba, zokongoletsera zonamizira zodzikongoletsera komanso mitundu ina yazifupi ya nyumba zam'malo zazitali zimakula, osafikira masentimita 30 kutalika.
Kuti ulimi wamtundu wa nightshade ukhale ngati duwa lamkati kuti ukhale wopambana monga momwe mungathere, malo abwino kwambiri ayenera kupangidwira. Ngakhale chitsamba sichimasiyanasiyana machitidwe ake, malamulo ena ndi zomwe amafunikira ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Kutentha
M'nyengo yotentha, duwa limakhala labwino kwambiri kutentha. Koma siziyenera kusungidwa pazenera lakumwera. Pamenepo kutentha kwambiri chitsamba.
Zofunika! Nightshade simalola kutentha kwambiri, koma imakumana ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo imalimbikitsidwa kuti izisungidwa m'malo abwino. Maulamuliro otentha oyenera azikhala osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku +12 mpaka +15 madigiri.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuti nightshade yokongoletsera iphulike ndi kubereka zipatso zambiri kunyumba, adzafunika michere yambiri.
Kudyetsa kuyenera kuchitidwa mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe kawiri pamwezi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito feteleza wovuta kupangira maluwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, duwa silipatsidwa chakudya konse, kapena limagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito theka la mlingo womwe wopangidwira wopanga osati wopitilira kamodzi pamwezi.
Dothi
Dothi loyenerera la chimbudzi chamkati ndi zipatso zofiira ndi msanganizo wapadziko lapansi, womwe umakhala ndi sod, peat, humus ndi mchenga. Chilichonse chimaphatikizidwa mosiyanasiyana, humus zokha ndi zomwe zimatha kuphatikizidwa mobiriwira zochuluka.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira mwadongosolo komanso kochulukirapo pachitsamba chokongoletsera pamafunika munthawi ya kukula kwakukulu, komanso pamene zipatso zimachitika. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika pamene dothi likoma.
M'nyengo yozizira, duwa limafunikiranso kuthiriridwa, koma nthawi zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, muchepetse kutentha m'chipindacho, kuthilira kofunikira kumafunikira.
Zofunika! Kuyanika kwa dothi sikuyenera kuloledwa, izi zimakhudza kukula kwa mbewu.
Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira, mbewuyo imafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Shrub imakomera kwambiri chinyontho chambiri, iyenera kukhalidwa chaka chonse. Chizindikiro chinyezi chomwe mukufuna chitha kuchitika osati pongopopera, komanso mwa kuyika maluwa mumphika wokhala ndi miyala yamiyala kapena dongo lokulitsa kuti pansi pamphika musamayanjane ndi madzi. Ngati mpweya m'chipinda chomwe chakuliracho chadzakulira ndi chouma kwambiri, chitsamba sichitha kubereka bwino.
Thirani
Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti m'malo mwa mtundu wina wa nightshade kumayambiriro kwamasika, duwa lisanayambe kukula mwachangu. Nthaka kuti ikasamutsidwe iyenera kusankha mpweya wotayirira komanso wowoneka bwino. Ndikofunikira kupanga ngalande, mwachitsanzo, dongo lomakulitsidwa. Popanda izi, sizingakhale zopanda ntchito kusamalira chomera - chinyezi chowonjezera sichichotsedwa mokwanira mumphika, ndipo mizu ingayambenso kuvunda.
Zikafesedwa, duwa loyimira banja la nightshade limadulidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, zitatha izi ndikuziika kumalo atsopano.
Zosangalatsa. Popeza nthawi yayitali yotalikirako siyitali kwambiri, ndipo imayamba kukula msanga ndikutaya zokongoletsera zake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musangodzaza tchire laudzu konse, koma kuti mufalitse ndi odulidwa.
Kudulira
Kwa munthu wamkati wam'nyumba, chisamaliro chokwanira sichingagwire ntchito popanda zipsinjo zina. Njirayi imachitidwa makamaka chomera chikatha kubala zipatso kapena kukula kwambiri. Kudulira kumakonzanso bwino dera lonse la nightshade.
Ndikofunikira kufupikitsa tsinde - izi zimayambitsa kukula kwa nthambi zammbali. Kutsina malembawo kumabweretsa zotsatira zofananira.
Njira zolerera
Kufalikira kwa chofunda kumachitika m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: ndi njere kapena kudula.
Kulima mbewu
Kukula kwamkati mwa njere, pamakhala masamba ochepa pamafunika. Amasesedwa mosamala, ndikuikamo. Mbewu zimafalikira pamtunda ndikuwaza ndi mchenga pang'ono. Kenako imangofunika kunyowetsa nthaka pang'ono ndikusunthira chidebe ndi mbande kumalo otentha. Chofunikira chomwe chimayang'aniridwa kuti kumera kwa bwino kubzala ndikuti chidebe chofesedwa ndi mbewu chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki. Nthawi zambiri, mbande zimayamba kuwonekera patatha milungu iwiri mutabzala. Pamene mphukira zikakula, zidzafunika kukumbira kawiri, pambuyo pake mbande zazing'ono zimatha kuziika kumalo osakula.
Mbewu za solanum zimagulitsidwa momasuka m'masitolo onse apadera.
Mizu yodula
Zosachepera mbewu, chikhalidwe cha nightshade chimafalitsidwa ndi kuzika mizu pa tsinde. Pakudulira masika, nthambi zodula siziyenera kutayidwa. Kuchokera kwa iwo, sankhani wamphamvu kwambiri ndikuyesera kuzika mizu. Kuti muchite izi, zigawo za tsinde zimayikidwa mu chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga kapena vermiculite mpaka mizu itawonekera.
Nightshade nthawi zambiri imamera kumadulidwa
Mizu yoyamba ikangowonekera padzala, imakhala m'miphika yosiyana. Mukathira, ikani chomera chokwanira kukonza nthambi.
Zofunika! Ngati mukufuna kukulitsa zokongoletsera pazenera lanu m'chipinda chanu, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe ana kapena ziweto zomwe zingafikeko. Zipatso za chitsamba chokongola ndi zakupha. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zakudya kumatha kuvulaza thupi.
Mwambiri, duwa ili lidzayeneranso mkati mwazonse ndipo lidzakhala chokongoletsera chabwino cha nyumba, nyumba kapena ofesi. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumamuthandiza mosamala ndikusamalira moyenera.
