Chithokomiro ndi fern yaikulu yomwe imamera mumapiri ozizira kwambiri monga nkhalango za thundu.
Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi dzina lawo loti - Dryopteris, kwenikweni - fern ku nkhalango za oak.
Mtunduwu umakhala ndi zomera zosatha ndi rhizome yamphamvu ndi masamba ovekedwa a mawonekedwe ovuta.
Shtitovnik wachikazi ndi a Shchitovnikovy banja limodzi ndi Mnogoryadnik ndi Kochezhednik. Komabe, zimatsutsana ndi mbiri yawo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodabwitsa.
Mitundu
Austria
M'chilengedwe, limakhala kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, Caucasus ndi North America. Malo okondeka omwe amakhala ndi mitsinje nthawi zonse.
Zomwe zimatenga nthawi yaitali (5-9 dm) masamba osakanikirana a katatu. Mtundu ndi wobiriwira. Mitengo yam'madzi imayang'ana pansi ndi chophimba chachikulu, choncho dzina lachiwiri ndiloweramitsa.
Chithunzi subspecies wa Austria Schityovnik:
Amur
Amakula pamtunda wolimba kwambiri wa nkhalango zamapiri. Ikupezeka ku China, Russia, Japan. Kwambiri kukana ndi chisanu. Rhizome wapatali, woonda. Nthambi zitatu zokhala ndi nthenga zamkuntho zimakula chimodzimodzi, zimafa kuzizira. Mtundu wawo umakhala wobiriwira, wobiriwira.
Photos subspecies of Shtybovnik Amur:
Kupikisana
Zimakula pa Madeira, Azores ndi Western Europe. Masambawa ndi ofooka, amakula mpaka mamita 60 cm. Zapangidwa ngati nthenga, kuwonetsa mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Nthanoyo imasonyezedwa, nkhope yonse ili ndi mikangano yochepa kwambiri. Mitundu imeneyi imakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu la udzu watsopano.
Zithunzi za subspecies za Shchitovnik Mpikisano:
Chitsamba
Amakhala pazilumba za Iturup, Sakhalin, Kunashir, Hokkaido, Sikoku, Peninsula ya Korea ndi kumpoto kwa China.
Vayi anasonkhana pamtambo waukulu kwambiri mofanana ndi mbale yoyenera. Masamba akhoza kukula mamita pakutali, Sumawuma chifukwa cha dzinja, amafa kumapeto kwa mawonekedwe a achinyamata. Maonekedwewa ndi oblong-oval, nsonga imatchulidwa. Pamwamba pa masambawo muli mtundu wa chikopa, mtundu wa jade.
Chithunzi cha subspecies za Bush Shchitovnik:
Villaria
Kubwera kuchokera ku Western Europe, kumene imakula mu nthaka yamchere. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mayiko owerengeka a ku England, Wales ndi Lancashire.
Chitsamba chosakanikirana choyenera cha minda yamaluwa ndi miyala ya alpine. Vayi zitatu, zing'onozing'ono (3.5-4.5 dm), malekezero amatsindika. Kujambula chobiriwira cha nondescript chokhala ndi imvi. Spores ndi ochepa kwambiri, amasiyana ndi fungo losangalatsa.
Zithunzi za subspecies za Thypophilus Vilaria:
Golda
Malo okhala m'chilengedwe m'mapiri ozizira ndi ozizira North America, makamaka kumpoto chakummawa. Zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri.
Masamba akhoza kukula mpaka 130 cm m'litali, apange lalikulu lalikulu. Malachite wambiri, malachite. Madziwa amakhala ndi nthenga ziwiri, ma rhizomes ndi amfupi.
Zithunzi zojambulajambula za golide wothira:
Sakanizani
Mitundu yofala kwambiri, yomwe imapezeka ku Ulaya ndi kumpoto kwa America, komanso ku Russia. Amakondanso madontho okhala ndi dothi.
Mfupi osatha kufika pamtunda wosachepera 50 cm. Mphuno yofiira, yochepa, yokhala ndi mamba. Masamba ali pa petioles erect, ali ndi mawonekedwe a lanceolate, omwe ataliatali. Iwo ali ndi nthenga ziwiri, malachite wachikuda. Spores ndi kuzungulira, wakuda, okonzedwa mzere kumbuyo kwa masamba.
Zithunzi zojambula zithunzi za Shchitovnik Crest:
Zosangalatsa
Amakhala ku Far East ndi Western Siberia ku Russia, ku North America, Korea ndi China. M'chilengedwe mungakumane pa miyala ya miyala ndi zopanda pake.
Mmodzi wa opambana kwambiri kakang'ono Mitundu sidapitirira 30 cm m'litali. Rhizome imatchulidwa, yofupikitsidwa. Masamba kaŵirikaŵiri amatsitsa, oblong. Kujambula jade ndi nsalu yabuluu. Spores ali pambali yonse ya mbale. Zimasiyanitsa fungo losangalatsa labwino.
Chithunzi subspecies Shchitovnik Odorous:
Reddish
Amakula ku Japan, China ndi Philippines. Thermophilic. Mitundu yamakono imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a katatu, yosiyana ndi mtundu wakale. Achinyamata masamba ndi pichesi yamitundu, zomwe pang'onopang'ono zasintha ku udzu wobiriwira. Reddish spores.
Zithunzi za subspecies za Thyrochos Krasnosorusy:
Nthano
Mtundu wamba m'dera lamapiri. Iwo amakhala ku Ulaya, North America.
Masamba amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu akuluakulu, kufika kutalika kwa 4-6 dm. Zigawo, tsinde la masamba ndi rhizome zili ndi mamba ofiira. Vayi ali ndi mawonekedwe a katatu, opaka utoto wobiriwira. Sori wochepa kwambiri, woboola impso.
Zithunzi za subspecies Shchitovik Needle:
Zovuta
Wopambana kwambiri ndi chisanu Mitundu ina ya ku North America. Zimakula pamadambo ndi miyala.
The spores ndi nsonga ya nthenga, choncho dzina. Kutalika kwazitali kufika pa 6 dm, kumakhala ndi masamba a nthenga awiri a mthunzi wa bluish.
Chithunzi subspecies Shchitovnik Extreme:
Phiri
Sungani zamoyo zowopsa kukumana mu chilengedwe ndi zovuta kwambiri. Amakonda nkhalango zamtengo wapatali. Kuchokera ku rhizomes yochepa kwambiri kumakula gulu lalikulu la masamba. Zimakhala zamatsenga, zobiriwira, zobiriwira.
Chithunzi subspecies ya Shchitovnik Mountain:
Mwamuna
Mitundu yambiri yomwe imapezeka ku North America ndi Eurasia. Amapezeka ponseponse pa malo osauka amchere ndi achonde.
Chomeracho ndi chachikulu, mpaka masentimita 150 m'litali. Zipsepse zimasonkhanitsa zitsulo zakuda ndi zowonjezera ndi zobiriwira. Zithunzizi ndi mtundu wa emerald, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe obongo kwambiri. Sori ali pambali pa mitsempha yapakati.
Photos subspecies Schitovnik Mwamuna:
Lozhumuzhskoy
Amakula mu Black Sea, Dagestan ndi Caucasus. Chomeracho ndi chachikulu - mpaka mamita 1. Zagawo ndizobiriza pinnate, zobiriwira. Pakuti nyengo yozizira imafuna malo.
Photos subspecies Schitovnik Lozhnomuzhskoy:
Nthano
Masamba a lanceolate, ochepa kapena oblong, mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Zowonongeka, ena ndi mapiko.
Chithunzi subspecies za Shchitovnik Podalpiysky:
Sikhotinsky
Yofanana kwambiri ndi yamphongo. Kulimbana ndi kuzizira, kumakula ku Japan, Russia ndi China. Amatha kutalika kwa mamita 1.2 mamitawa amadzimeta, amawombera, amafa ndi chisanu.
Zithunzi za subspecies Shchybovnik Sikhotinsky:
Zokhudzana
Amapezeka ku Western Europe m'nkhalango zakuda. Masamba amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu osasunthika, omwe amakhala nawo nthawi yaitali. Iwo ndi biconseous, lanceolate.
Photos subspecies Schitovnik Zokhudza:
Bright
Amakula mofulumira, kupanga mapulaneti osatha. Amakhala ku Ussuri dera, kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Nthambi ya Rhizomes bwino, ikulire m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi 9-13 masentimita. Kutentha kufika pamtunda wokwera. Mitundu yamadzimadzi iwirikizapo, kuwala kobiriwira, katatu.
Chithunzi subspecies Shchitovnik Svetly:
Wopusa
Kuyambira kale omwe amakhala m'mapiri a Japan ndi a Kuriles. Kutalika kwazomera ndiyomwe, sikudutsa 7 dm. Masamba ndi ovunda, atatu-pinnate, wobiriwira.
Zithunzi zazithunzi za Thyphovil zosavuta:
Yambani
Mitengo yachitsamba yamapiri ndi masamba osakhwima, omwe amapezeka m'madera osungirako nkhalango a Northern Hemisphere yonse.
Chithunzi subspecies Shchitovnik Wotsatira:
Kupyolera
Amakhala ku Ulaya ndi kumpoto kwa America, akukhala m'madera a nkhalango. Masamba ali okhazikika, kaŵirikaŵiri pinnate, lanceolate. Mtunduwo ndi wobiriwira, pamwamba pake ndiwonyezimira, wonyezimira. Amakhala ndi frosts mpaka 30 °.
Chithunzi subspecies Shchitovnik Kinky:
Golden
Wakhala kumadera akummawa a North America. Ikhoza kukula mamita 1 mu msinkhu. Vayi katatu. Zimalingalira kwambiri maonekedwe okongoletsera chifukwa cha mkuwa wa masamba ndi masamba a golidi pa iwo.
Chithunzi subspecies Shchitovnik Golden:
Marsh (telipteris)
Mtundu wa njenjetewu umakula m'madzimadzi, amafunikira chinyezi komanso kusungunuka nthawi zonse. Ali ndi rhizome yambiri, yomwe ikukula mosiyana, chifukwa chazimene zimapangidwira. Masamba osakwatiwa, osaphika, otumbululuka. Maonekedwewo ndi oblong, opangidwira.
Chithunzi subspecies Telipteris Bolotny:
Kusamalira kwanu
Zomwe zimasamalidwa mutagula
Kutangotha mwamsanga analimbikitsidwa kuti asambe Zowonongeka pamalo atsopano, monga sitolo imagwiritsira ntchito malo osakhalitsa, zosaoneka bwino.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowonongeka, yopuma bwino, yachonde, ndi yamtundu wambiri wa humus ndi madzi abwino.
Kuunikira
Shchitovnik amakonda malo amdima, ayenera kukhala kutali ndiwindo kapena kumpoto.
Kutentha
Chokwanira - 14-19 °, ndi kuwonjezeka kwaposa 25 ° kudzapweteka. Pokhala poyamba chomera m'nkhalango, Shchitovnik imatha kulimbana ndi kutentha kwapansi kufika pa 25 °, yomwe imapangitsa kukhala woyenera woyenera kulima kuthengo. Iye amamuuza popanda mavuto, ngakhale mutayiwala kumuphimba.
Adiantum, Polniyornik, Orlyak.
Kuthirira
Chinyezi chamadzi nthawi zonse chiyenera kusungidwa popanda madzi omwe alipo panopo. Madzi okhala ndi madzi ofewa masiku awiri.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Mwamba! Amafuna nthawi zambiri kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa zigawo zapansi.
Kudyetsa
Shchitovnik imakula pang'onopang'ono sakusowa chakudya chobwerezabwereza. Kamodzi pa miyezi 1-1.5, mukhoza kupanga zovuta zamchere kwa ferns.
Kuwaza
Achinyamata makope kuziika masika aliwonse m'phika lalikulu lomwe lidzabwezeretsa dothi lonse, okalamba - kawirikawiri, zaka 2-3.
Kudulira
Amadula nthambi zamakedzana, zachikasu kapena nthambi zowonongeka kuti azisungunuka.
Kuswana
Mwina m'njira zingapo:
Mikangano
Sportivnik spores imakula kumbuyo kwa masamba. Pambuyo kucha, amafunika kudula ndi kuuma, kuikidwa pa pepala. Mabokosi odzaza chisanganizo cha peat, mchenga ndi tsamba la masamba mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 1.
Phulani spores mofanana pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ndi moisten ndi spray. Nthaka siigona! Phimbani chidebecho ndi filimu ya polyethylene kapena galasi lofewa ndikutentha ndi kutentha. Kumera kumayamba pambuyo pa milungu 5-6. Pambuyo pake, wowonjezera kutentha amachotsedwa.
Kugawa chitsamba
Njirayi imakhala ikudya mwamsanga komanso mochepa. Pa nthawi yopatsa, patulirani gawo la rhizome ndi masamba ndi zomera mu mphika wosiyana.
Tubers
Mitundu yambiri imakula mwana wa tubers kapena ndevu, yomwe imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi zomera ndi prikopat mosiyana ndi masentimita 7 mpaka 13 pansi. Kakhetsani bwino ndi kusunga nthawi zonse.
Akuwombera
Shchitovniki akhoza kuponyera mwana mphukira (ana a masamba). Iwo amawoneka pa masamba ndi kuyamba kukula. Pambuyo pake, amatha kupatulidwa ndi fulu, kuikidwa mu tsabola wothira kapena moss ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki lakapolo kapena kapu ya galasi. Mphukira imapezeka pakatha masabata angapo, ndiye mmera umasunthira ku dothi labwino.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kuzungulira ma rhizomes zimapezeka pamene chinyezi chimakhala chodabwitsa kwambiri m'nthaka ndi phala, mwinamwake, dziko lapansi laphatikizidwa ndipo linasiya kudutsa. Kapena kuthirira kumachitika kawirikawiri.
Tizilombo sitikonda mabanki, akhoza kumenyana ndi shieldovki yokha. Izi ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono taoneka ngati bulauni kapena beige pa masamba. Ngati mulibe okwanira, mungathe kuwasonkhanitsa ndi manja, anthu ambiri amawonongeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - Konfidor, Aktellik, Tanrek, Aktar ndi ena.
Kutsiliza
Kukula m'banja la obereketsa ndi kophweka komanso kosavuta. Ngati muwasamalira mokwanira, maluwa okongoletsera amakongoletsa mkati mwawo kwa nthawi yaitali ndikukondweretsa eni ake.
