Ng'ombe za mtundu wa Tagil

Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa ng'ombe ndi mkaka zomwe sizingakhale zofunikira kwambiri kuti zisamalire, sizingakhale zofunikira kuti ndalama zisamalire, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo zikhoza kusonyeza zizindikiro zabwino za ndalama, penyani ng'ombe za Tagil. Mtundu uwu sumawombera zolemba mu zizindikiro zina za zokolola, koma zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakati pa alimi chifukwa chokhala ndi nyama komanso mkaka wokongola kwambiri. M'nkhani ino tikambirana zambiri za ng'ombe ngati Tagil.

Mbiri ya chiyambi

Mapangidwe a ng'ombe za Tagil zinachitika kumapeto kwa zaka za XYIII ndi XIX m'maulendo angapo, pomwe ng'ombe za m'tawuni ya Tagil zinkayenda bwino ndi ng'ombe za Kholmogory ndi Dutch. Panthawi yokolola, ziweto za ku Ural zinkapeza zizindikiro zochititsa chidwi za milkiness ndipo zinapeza mafupa osasinthasintha komanso ochititsa chidwi kwambiri.

Tisaiwale kuti izi zisanachitike, ng'ombe zidafalikira m'dera la Urals zikadziwika bwino ndi zofooka zosafunika kwenikweni.

Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe yambiri imachita pafupifupi masikiti 40,000 oyendetsa patsiku, pafupipafupi, kuyesa chakudya mpaka mphindi 40-45 pamphindi.

Ng'ombe zamakono za Tagil zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya obereketsa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo olemba nyimbo komanso opambana mawonetsero ndi mpikisano, koma gawo lina la magazi awo, omwe ndi oyambirira a Ural, amalephera kwambiri.

Masiku ano, ng'ombe izi zimatengedwa ngati genofodic (yosungidwa ngati gwero la deta yoyambirira ya jini) ndipo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera a Perm ndi Sverdlovsk.

Maonekedwe ndi thupi

Maonekedwe a oimira mtundu uwu ali ndi makhalidwe awa:

• ng'ombe iyi amapezeka pafupifupi mitundu yonse yomwe ingatheke komanso yodziwika bwino ya anthu monga ng'ombe. M'nyumba, munthu amatha kupeza zoyera, zofiira, zakuda, zofiira, zakuda ndi motley, zofiira ndi motley, piebald, imvi ndi zofiirira za mtundu wa Tagil. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya msana komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe kake ka corset, yomwe imatha kukhala wokongola kwambiri komanso yokhala ndi thumba lamphamvu, kapena yokhala mu thumba, yosasunthika pamsana;
• pafupipafupi kutalika Ng'ombe zazing'onozi zikafota zimakhala zapakati pa 125 mpaka 130 cm, pomwe misala ya mzimayi wamkulu amafika pafupifupi 450-500 kilogalamu, ndi yamuna - pafupifupi 750-900 kilogalamu. Nkhumba zimabadwa pafupifupi 30-35 kilograms, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ya moyo zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 160-180;

Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe ndi zolengedwa zogwirizana ndi anthu ndipo nthawi zonse zimakonda kukhala mu kampani ya wina. Ngati muwona kuti ng'ombe ikuyesera kukhala ndekha, ndiye kuti idzabereka kapena kudwala.

• mutu mwa onse oimira mtundu wa mausinkhu a pakati, mofanana ndi thupi, ndi maso okongola ndi makutu. Mphuno imakhala yayikulu, yothira, imadula mizere iwiri yofanana ndi mizere yozungulira. Pakamwa pakakhala phokoso, ndi milomo yabwino ndi mano, nthawi zonse ikufunafuna. Khosi liri lalitali ndi lochepa thupi, limagwirizanitsa mutu ndi mutu pambali ya 45-50 °;
• torso wamphamvu kwambiri chifuwa - lonse, pozungulira mbali yapakati, nthawi zina mbali yake ya pansi imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa pamimba pamimba. Mimba nthawi zambiri sichimawombera, kutsekemera ndi kuzungulira, pamunsi otsika kwambiri sichiphimbidwa ndi ubweya, amapita ku udder pamtunda wa 180 °. Udder - uli pamalo okongola kwambiri a pakhosi, ndi bwino kwambiri, mawonekedwe ake ndi 6-8 malita, ayika minofu bwino, ili ndi khungu lolimba komanso lofiirira;
• kumbuyo - molunjika, mokhazikika, mokwanira, ali ndi mzere womveka bwino, womwe umapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zamtundu wa vertebrae, umadutsa mu mchira pamtunda wa 180 °. Mchira - umadutsa malire a miyendo yaikazi yachitatu, yotsika kwambiri, yamphamvu, yakuda, imakhala ndi burashi yaikulu kumapeto, yomwe imapangitsidwa kuti ipatutse tizilombo. Mitsempha - yokhotakhota pang'ono, yomwe ili pamphepete mwazing'ono mpaka pansi, kawirikawiri pamakhala zofooka zochepa zazitsulo za kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa miyendo;
• ng'ombe Amapanga nyanga zazing'ono (5-8 cm) zomwe sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida, akazi amawonongedwa (hornless). Pafupi thupi lonse la ng'ombe ya Tagil, kupatula mphuno, nyanga ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka m'mimba pamunsi, zimakhala ndi zofewa, zochepa, zosangalatsa kukhudza, malaya abwino. Nkhono - yamphamvu, yakuda (mpaka mamita 10-15), nthawi zambiri mithunzi yamdima, iwiri.

Zizindikiro za nyama ndi mkaka

Monga tanenera poyamba, ziwetozi sizimaphwanya zolemba m'madera onse a zinyama, koma kawirikawiri, nyamazi zimasonyeza kuti zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira.

Ndikofunikira! Pogula ng'ombe ya Tagil, choyamba mvetserani za udder, magawo ena onse ndi osinthika ndipo akuyenera kusintha.

Nazi nambala zonse zofunika:

• Kawirikawiri mkaka wamakono chaka chilichonse - 3500-4000 makilogalamu;
• zizindikiro zogawa - + 30-50% ya zizindikiro zoyambirira, mkati mwa miyezi 3-5;
• chiwerengero cha zakudya zoyenera mkaka tsiku lililonse - 2;
• mafuta a mkaka - 4-4.5%;
• mapuloteni a mkaka - 3-3.5%;
• mavitamini a mkaka - 8/10 (pali kukoma pang'ono kwa udzu wobiriwira, womwe mosavuta umachotsedwa ndi kuwira);
• nyama yolemera mphamvu - +150 kg kwa miyezi 6;
• kulemera kwake kwa mtembo usanalowe mu ziwalo zake - ng'ombe ndi 400-450 makilogalamu; ng'ombe - 700-850 kg;
• kupha nyama - 53-60%;
• Mankhwala a nyama - 7/10 (zimadalira nthawi ya nyama yophedwa ndi njira yake ya moyo).

Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Kukambirana mwachidule, tinganene kuti mtundu uwu wa ng'ombe ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zothandizira kubereka ndi eni ake omwe sanasankhe motsimikizabe nyama kapena mkaka womwe akufuna kuti azikwera pamtunda wawo.

Nyama ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe zikuphatikizapo monga Simmental, Bestuzhevskaya, Brown Brown, Sychevskaya, Schwyzka, Yakut mini ng'ombe, Krasnogorbatovskaya.

Zizindikiro zapamwamba pazinthu zamakono zimapanga ng'ombe zonse zomwe zimatha kukhutitsa eni ake omwe amafunikira kwambiri.

Nazi mndandanda wa mphamvu za mtundu uwu:

• chakudya chambiri ndi mkaka: chiwerengero chapamwamba kusiyana ndi mkaka wamtundu wa nyama, ndi nyama kuposa mkaka;
• Ng'ombe zimakhala ndi chiwerengero chachikulu chogawa komanso chizindikiro chabwino;
• mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa woimira mtundu wofanana (madola 800-1000 US);
• palibe chifukwa chosamalira mosamalitsa ndi zowonongeka za nyama izi, zomwe siziwalepheretsa kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso atsopano;
• palibe chifukwa chokhalira chipinda chokha kuti asunge ng'ombe ngati zimenezi, zimakhala zogwirizana ndi zinyama zina;
• pafupifupi osayanjana ndi anthu, nyama zina ndi achibale awo;
• kulekerera nyengo yowawa, yozizira, kumpoto ndipo imasinthidwa kukhala msipu wosauka;
• Nthano zamakono zathetsa vutoli ndi pafupifupi kulikonse komwe kulibe kwa omvera ochokera ku ziweto za ku Ural;
• Nthenda yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa cha ng'ombe yomwe ikhoza kusuntha kudyetsa msipu, pafupifupi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito;
• musataye kuthekera kubereka nthawi zonse pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse.

• katsamba kakang'ono ka mkaka;
• mafuta otsika kwambiri mu mkaka ndi mafuta ochepa;
• kudalira kukoma kwa nyama yowononga oimira mtundu wawo, zakudya zabwino ndi zowonongeka za zamoyo;
• zolakwika zazing'ono zakunja (kukhalapo kwa malo osasunthika pamatupi, maonekedwe a miyendo yophimba, yoonda, yosasunthika khosi, etc.);
• zosavomerezeka za mtundu wa kunja kwa Mitsinje, ndipo, motero, kuchepa mu mwayi wopezera izo pamenepo;
• Komolost imalepheretsa oimira mtunduwo kuti asadziteteze kwa odyetsa osiyanasiyana pa nthawi ya msipu;
• kukhala ndi cholowa chokwanira cha zovuta zonse za maonekedwe ndi zokolola kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana (komabe, pofuna chilungamo, ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti zinthu zonse zabwino ndizololedwa pafupifupi lonse);
• Vuto lakudyetserako ziweto, mchitidwe wa ziweto ku dera linalake, pamene aliyense wa iwo akuyesa kuyendetsa njira yake, amasungidwa.

Ndikofunikira! Nyama ya ng'ombe ya Tagil imadziwonetsera bwino kwambiri ngati chosemphana ndi pickling, kebabs ndi mitundu ina yokazinga mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mkaka umabala zipatso zabwino kwambiri, tchizi tchizi, kirimu wowawasa ndi zonona.

Izi ndizo zikuluzikulu za oimira ziweto za Tagil. Chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake ndi makhalidwe abwino, mtundu uwu udzakuthandizani kupeza phindu lochokera kuswana.