Mtengo wodziwika bwino kummawa kwa Europe kudziko ndi pine. Osatchuka konse monga wamba spruce ndi oyera fir. Komabe, madera ambiri amakhala ndi mbewu zabwino. Kuti mumvetsetse mitengo yomwe ili mdziko muno, muyenera kudziwa mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Zomwe mitengo imamera kuthengo
Zomwe mitengo imamera m'nkhalango zowerengeka komanso zosakanikirana ndizinthu zomwe zimakhudza ambiri. M'nkhalango zachilengedwe za Russia zomwe zimapezeka ku Russia, zomwe zimakhala mpaka 70% ya dzikolo, kutentha kochepa komanso chinyezi chachikulu kumawonedwa. Chifukwa chake, apa oyimira makamaka ndi spruce, pine, larch. M'nkhalango zowirira zomwe zimachokera kumadzulo kwa dzikolo mpaka kumapiri a Ural, mitengo, mapiri, ndi linden zimamera. Munkhalango zosakanizika za Russia mutha kupeza mitengo yamitundu yonse: popula, paini, spruce, linden, oak, shrub elm.
Kufalikira pamtengo
Zambiri! Mitengo yamnkhalango zosakanizika imawonedwa ngati zaka zana.
Mitundu yamitundu
Mitengo yonse imagawidwa kukhala coniferous ndi deciduous. Oimira osiyanasiyana a conifers ali ndi izi:
- amadziwika kuti amakhala wobiriwira nthawi zonse, amatumphukira ku Central Russia m'malo otentha otentha;
- nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumadera akumpoto kwa dzikolo;
- khalani ndi mtengo umodzi, pomwe nthambi zake zimachoka;
- okhala ndi masamba omwe amawoneka ngati singano;
- Zipatso zophatikizika ndi ma cones;
Zofunika! Conifers amadziwika kuti ndi akale kwambiri padziko lapansi, zizindikiro zawo zimafika zaka 500.
Kutalika kwake kumasiyanasiyana pafupifupi 50. Mitengo yowoneka bwino ku Dera la Moscow ndi malo ena aku Russia anapangidwira pambuyo poyerekeza ndi mitengo ya chisinthiko. Mitengo yolimba imatha kupezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Mitundu yotsatirayi imapangidwa:
- ana aang'ono;
- yotakata;
- zobiriwira nthawi zonse;
- wopatsa chidwi.
Zomera zoterezi zimakhala ndi nthawi yofupikitsa, pafupifupi, mpaka zaka 200. Makulu awo amasiyanasiyana mkati mwa 35 m.
Mitengo yowola ya Russia
Mitengo yowonongera nkhalango imaphatikizapo linden, birch, oak, elm. Zomera zoterezi zimapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanizirana ku Russia.
Linden
Linden ndi wa gulu lodziwika bwino lazomera.
Mtengo waukulu wamkati pakati pamunda
Mwakuthupi, imamera ku gawo la ku Europe la dzikolo. Zizindikiro za kutalika kwake zimafikira mamita 40. Korona wa linden ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, m'mimba mwake amatha kukula mpaka mamita 20. Izi zimapatsa mtengo ulemu. Masamba amakonzedwa ndimtundu wa petioles motere. Pepala lamasamba limakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasunthika komanso tint yachikasu. Maluwa a linden amayamba kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, nthawi yake imatha mpaka milungu iwiri.
Tcherani khutu! Zipatso za Linden, maluwa, masamba ndi makungwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mankhwala azikhalidwe ndi zodzikongoletsera. Pamaziko awo, machiritso a decoctions ndi infusions amakonzedwa.
Oak
Oak ndi m'mabuku a Bukovs. Amamera kum'mawa kwa Europe kwa Russia. Zomera ndizodabwitsa kukula. Kutalika kwake kumafikira 60 m, ndipo thunthu lake limasungidwa pafupifupi mamita 2. Mtundu wa thundu umakhala ndi korona wozungulira, umapangitsa kuti ukhale wopambana komanso waukulu. Khungwa la mtengo limakhala lonyowa; pomwe limakula, limayamba kuda. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 500.
Oak amasiyanitsidwa ndi mizu yokhazikika, masamba ake amakhala ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana zokuzungulira ndi makonzedwe ena.
Zofunika! Mtengowo umayamba kuphuka usanakwanitse zaka 40 kumapeto kwa masika. Zipatso za oak - ma acorn - zimapezeka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September.
Mtengo wa Elm
Elms - mitengo yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imakulitsa kuthengo, imatalika mamita 30 mpaka 40. Nthawi yomweyo, thunthu la thunthu limawonjezeka mpaka 2 m pamene limakula. Nthawi zina elm imachitika monga zitsamba. Korona wa mbewu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, koma nthawi zina amakhalanso ozungulira. Elm amakhala zaka 120. M'mbiri, zochitika zokhala ndi moyo zaka mpaka 400 zalembedwa.
Mtengo wa Birch
Birch imamera kumpoto komanso pakati pamtunda. Chomera ichi ndi choyenera kukula m'matawuni. Birch amakula mpaka 40 m kutalika, amakhala zaka 150. Mawonekedwe a tsamba ali mozungulira ndi m'mbali mwake. Inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a ndolo zotumphuka. Birch sakusankha pankhani zokulira, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga, dongo, miyala kuti mubzalemo.
Mwachisawawa pakatikati pa munda wobiriwira
Tcherani khutu! Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, mbewuyi imatulutsa msuzi, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala wowerengeka. Pamaziko a masamba ndi masamba a birch, zosiyanasiyana decoctions ndi infusions zimapangidwa zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi matenda ambiri. Kuchokera ku mitengo, mbewu zimapanga plywood, zoseweretsa zamatabwa.
Conifers aku Russia
Mitundu ya conifereti imakhala ndi mitundu yobiriwira nthawi zonse: spruce, mkungudza, paini, larch. Awa ndi mitengo yaku Russia yomwe ili ndi masamba ndi zipatso zopindika ngati ma cell.
Spruce
Spruce wamba amatha kupezeka mu Russian Federation. Zizindikiro zapakati pa kutalika kwake zimafikira 35. Komabe, mbewu zimapezeka komanso kukwera, mpaka 50. Spruce ili ndi korona woboola pakati, womwe umayamba pafupifupi m'munsi mwake. Thunthu la mbewuyo limakhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 1,3m. Spruce amakula m'nkhalango zachilengedwe mpaka zaka 300. Amadyetsa mafuta onunkhira pamiyala yamaluwa; pakamera maluwa, amayamba kuvina mozungulira thunthu ndikupeza mbewu zakugwa. Spruce amadziwika kuti ndiye gawo lalikulu la tchuthi cha Chaka Chatsopano, nthawi yozizira, nthambi zake zotentha zimakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa komanso chipale chofewa.
Mtengowu umadziwika ndi singano zokutidwa, kutalika kwake komwe kumasiyanasiyana masentimita 4. Mthunzi wawo ndi wobiriwira. Ngati spruce imamera m'malo otseguka, ndiye kuti nthambi yake imayamba pafupifupi m'munsi.
Zofunika! Ngati mtengowo uli m'nkhalango zotsekedwa, ndiye kuti koronayo amakhala kumtunda kwa chomeracho, ndipo thunthu lake limang'ambika.
Mtengo wa paini
Banja la Pine limadziwika kuti limakhala nthawi yayitali pakati pa conifers (mpaka zaka 800). Kutalika kwa paini kumakhala kutalika kwa 50 m, kutalika kwa thunthu kuli mpaka mamita 1. Nthambi zimayambira mtunda wa 2 m kuchokera kumunsi kwa mtengo. Pine amadziwika ndi makungwa aimvi, omwe amaphimbidwa ndi ming'alu yamakhalidwe. Korona ali ngati piramidi. Pali zingano za singano panthambi iliyonse, iliyonse yotalika masentimita 15. Mbewu zimadyera mbalame nthawi yozizira ndi chilimwe, kuti zithetse nyama, mbalamezo zimangokhala phee ndikuyesetsa kuti zifike kumene mukufuna.
Pine nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala wowerengeka. Impso zake zosagwirizana zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, mafuta ofunikira komanso ma tannins. Izi zimathandiza kuthana ndi matenda ambiri osachiritsika.
Kedari
Kedari ndi chomera chokhazikika chomwe chimafika kutalika kwa 40 m. Kutalika kwa thunthu lake ndi mpaka mamita 2. Nthawi zambiri, mkungudza umakhala pafupifupi zaka 500.
Korona wa mtengowo uli ndi mawonekedwe angapo-vertex. Masingano okula mpaka masentimita 16 amamera pamipanda.Zimiyala za mkungudza zimapangidwa ndi dzira, kutalika kwake kumakhala 13 cm. Zotsalira za mbewu zimadyetsa mbalame. Amawasungira nthawi yozizira kuti apulumuke chisanu. Anthu amasunga zipatso za mkungudza. Amathandizira kuthana ndi matenda ambiri. Kuti muchite izi, tengani nthambi kuti isungunuke, ndikupukutira pang'ono ndikusonkhanitsa zipatso zomwe zagwera pansi.
Larch
Larch ndi mtengo womwe umapezeka ku Urals komanso m'malo otentha a dziko.
Kucha zipatso pa larch nthambi
Bzalani kutalika 50 m, mawonekedwe a korona ndi ofanana. Larch yaching'ono ili ndi makungwa osalala, wamkuluyo amakhala ndi ming'alu pamenepo. Kutalika kwa nthawi ya mbewu ndi zaka 500. Singano za larch zimakhala ndi zokutira imvi, pamitengo yaying'ono imamera m'magulu.
Mitundu yam'mwera
Mitengo yakumwera imadziwika ndi kukana bwino chilala, mvula yamphamvu. Zomera izi zimamera m'zigawo zotentha. Mndandanda wamitengoyo umaphatikizapo popula, mtengo wa apricot, cypress, sumac. Amamera m'mabzala azomera kapena m'malo azotentha komanso malo okhala.
Cypress
Cypress ndi mtundu wina wa mtundu wobiriwira womwe ukukula mwachangu. Cypress ndi mtengo wamuyaya womwe umakula mpaka mamita 25. Komanso, zimachulukanso masentimita angapo pachaka. Chiyembekezo cha moyo wa cypress chili ndi zaka 2000. Thunthu lake limakhala lolunjika kapena lopindika pang'ono, khungwa limakhala losalala, nthawi ikayamba kupanga chopindika. Masamba a mbewu ndiwosalala.
Zofunika! Cypress chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri pakuchoka, chifukwa chake chimafunikira kuti umuna nthawi ndi nthawi, kulandira vaccinations.
Acacia
Acacia Woyera ndi chomera chomwe chimakhala cha mtundu wa Nyemba ndipo chimamera kumwera. Mthethe imatha kukhala yopanda pake komanso yamitengo. Kutalika kwa mtengowu mpaka 30 m, kutalika kwa thunthu kuli mpaka mamita 2. Acacia ili ndi korona wamkulu, yemwe amafalikira pamtunda wamamita angapo. Masamba a mtengowo ndi aatali, mkati mwa 25 cm, osatupa. Zipatso za mbewuyi ndi nyemba zazitali mpaka masentimita 6. Iliyonse ili ndi njere pafupifupi 8. Kusasitsa kumayamba pakati pa Seputembala.
Pyramidal Poplar
Piramidi ya piramidi ndi ya banja la a Willow. Kutalika kwake kumasiyana mkati mwa 40 m, ndipo thunthu lake limafikira mamita 1. Poplar ali ndi korona wa piramidi, maluwa ake amayamba kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 300. Poplar ali ndi makungwa osalala otuwa, mizu yolimba bwino. Chifukwa cha izi, kukula kwa popula kumathamanga mokwanira. Masamba a chomera ndi mawonekedwe a diamondi, ndipo maluwa ake amaphatikizidwa kukhala ma tamba aatali.
Mtengo wa phulusa
Phulusa limatanthauzira mitengo yabwino. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mamita 40. Maonekedwe a koronawo amazunguliridwa, nthambi za mtengowo zimatsogozedwa kumtunda.
Lone phulusa mtengo wokhala ndi korona woyambira
Mbiya ili ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Masamba a phulusa amaimira inflorescence wa masamba pang'ono 15 masamba obiriwira. Zipatso za chomera, lionfish, zimakula mpaka 5 cm. Choyamba zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, kenako zimasanduka zofiirira. Maluwa amayamba masika, atagona nthawi yayitali yozizira.
Zofunika! Phulusa ndi lonyalanyaza kukula kwazinthu, motero limatha kukhalanso m'malo otentha.
Sumy
Sumakh olenerogy ali ndi dzina lina - mtengo wa viniga. Ichi ndi mbewu yomwe ndi yamtundu wa boma la Subakhov. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chomera, malinga ndi encyclopedia ya mitengo, idawoneka m'dera la North America. Sumakh imawoneka ngati kanjedza. Korona wake watuluka, maambulera, masamba odziwika. Thunthu lake limakhala lofiirira. Masamba ndi ofiira.
Zofunika! Mitengo yamtengowo imakhala ndimtambo wofiirira, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mgoza.
Russia ndi dziko lokongola lokhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Pamalo ake otseguka mungapeze mitengo yodziyimira yolimba. Iliyonse ya izo ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, kukula kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa moyo wawo. Zomera zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala wowerengeka molumikizana ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana komanso cosmetology zochizira matenda amkazi ndi amuna. Mayina amitengo yonse motsatira zilembo zamakono amatha kuwonekera m'madongosolo apadera, momwe amafotokozedwera.
