Freesias ndi a banja la Iris. Iwo akhoza kukhala wamkulu mu wowonjezera kutentha, munda, m'nyumba poto. Nthawi yamaluwa - kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Zomera zamkati zimatulutsa makamaka mchaka.
Mitundu ya freesia ndi mitundu yotchuka
Pogulitsa mungapeze onse freesia osakaniza ndi mitundu yazomera zamitundu mitundu. Odziwika kwambiri a iwo: Armstrong freesia, wosweka ndi wosakanizidwa freesia.
Kodi maluwa amawoneka bwanji
Armstrong (Freesia Armstrongii)
Bzalani kutalika 65 cm (+/- 5 cm). Maluwa ooneka ngati belu ndi ofiira, ofiira kapena opaka rasipiberi ndipo amatengedwa mu inflorescence wa ma 3-5 ma PC. Masamba ndi xiphoid ndi kutalika. Zomera zimayambira mu Meyi mpaka Juni.
Zambiri! Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu ndi freesia wotchedwa Cardinal wokhala ndi maluwa ofiira.
Armstrong
Alba (Freesia Refracta var. Alba)
Alba ndi masamba amitundu yoyera (yotulutsa) ya Freesia Refracta yoyera. Imakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa. Pamaphale pamakhala timitengo tofiirira. Zomera ndizochepa kutalika (pafupifupi 40 cm). Maluwa amayamba mu Epulo.
Alba
Zonunkhira (Freesia Refracta Odorata)
Utumizidwe wina wa Freesia Refracta. Chomera chokhala ndi maluwa obiriwira okhala ndi maluwa a 5-7. Amakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wamapichesi. Freesia amapanga maluwa onunkhira a m'chigwacho. Kutalika kwa masentimita 40-50. Kutulutsa kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi.
Zonunkhira Fenceia
Tcherani khutu! Mitundu yonseyi imatha kukhala ndi ma petals wamba komanso pawiri.
Njira zofalitsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wamaluwa ndi maluwa
Freesia amafalikira mothandizidwa ndi mababu a ana kapena mbewu. Kwa oyamba kumene, njira yoyamba ndiyabwino, ndi thandizo lake mutha kupeza chomera chatsopano komanso mosavuta.
Kufalitsa kwa babu
Nthawi ya maluwa, ana amayamba kuwonekera mu babu la amayi. Mukathira masamba owuma, muyenera kudula maluwa ndi masamba onse otsalira. Ngati izi sizingachitike, mbewuyo imawononga zinthu popanga mbewu, osati kukula kwa babu.
Ana amalekanitsidwa ndi babu a mayi ndikusungidwa payokha. Mababu a mwana wamkazi amabzalidwa pansi nthawi yomweyo amayi mababu kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi woyamba. Kusakaniza kwa mchenga ndi malasha a pansi kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kumalo ena obzala.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Osati njira zofala kwambiri pofalitsa mbewu, chifukwa njirayi imatenga chaka. Nthawi yabwino yofesa mbewu panthaka ndiye chiyambi cha masika. Mbewu za Freesia ndi burgundy, glossy, ofanana ndi zipatso.
Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, amathira m'madzi ozizira kwa tsiku limodzi. Kenako, njere zimabzalidwa mosakanikira mu chisakanizo cha humus, mchenga ndi peat. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito dongo lokwanira dothi lowonjezereka, chifukwa madzi owonjezera adzawononga mbewu.
Mphika wokutidwa ndi filimu. Kachiwiri patsiku liyenera kutsegulidwa, ndikupanga mpweya. Pakati pa masabata 1-2, zikumera zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku mfuti yokula. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, filimuyo imachotsedwa.
Tcherani khutu! Kuphatikiza apo, zikumera ziyenera kusungidwa pofanana ndi chomera chachikulire, ndikuthira manyowa nthawi zonse. Pofika mwezi wa february, freesia idzaphuka.
Freesia: Kulima kunja ndi chisamaliro
Ku Central Russia, kuyimitsa malo otseguka kumapangidwa kumayambiriro kwamasika. Mu nyengo ya Urals ndi Siberia, ndizovuta kwambiri kukula freesia. Chifukwa cha chilimwe chochepa, mbewu yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yokulira ilibe nthawi yoti imere ndi kuphuka. Pazifukwa izi, imamera pakhomo mumphika ndipo pokhapokha maluwa atabzalidwa panthaka. Ndikothekanso kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Kukonzekera mababu kuti mubzale
Freesia ayenera kukhala okonzekera kuti akafika kumapeto kwa March. Mababu omwe amapezeka nthawi yozizira amachotsedwa, kutsukidwa ndikunyowa kwa 1 ora fung fung. Kenako zibzalidwe munthaka.
Tikufika
Kuzama kwa dzenje kukuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 5, ndipo mtunda pakati pa tubers - 5-10 cm. Mutabzala, nthaka iyenera kupakidwa ndikuwazidwa ndi peat kuti mizu ya chitsamba isakusefuke. M'mwezi wa Ogasiti, maluwa ayamba, omwe akhala mpaka ku Okutobala.
Popewa kukokoloka kwamadzi, komwe kumatha kupha freesia, ndikofunikira kupereka dambo labwino. Dongo lokwanilidwa limatsanuliridwa mu mzere wozama 15 cm. Pamwambapa pali nthaka yopatsa thanzi, pomwe mababu kapena tinthu tophukira ndi chomera amayikapo. Zonsezi zimakonkhedwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Momwe mungasamalire pa kukula ndi maluwa
Pa kukula, shrub freesia imafunika zakudya zowonjezera. Pambuyo kumera, amathandizidwa ndi ammonium nitrate, ndiye superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse. Freesia, wobzalidwa ndi kusamalidwa m'mundamu, amamwe madzi m'mawa uliwonse. Dziko lapansi liyenera kumasulidwa ndi udzu.
Momwe mungakonzekere chomera nyengo yachisanu
Pambuyo maluwa, kuthirira amachepetsa, kenako amayima palimodzi. Mababu amakhalabe pansi mpaka Okutobala koyambirira. Kuti mbewuyo ipulumuke nthawi yachisanu, iyenera kutumizidwa kuti ikasungidwe.
Kusunga Bulb
Mababu amayenera kukumbidwa, kudula masamba otsalawo, kutsukidwa pansi pamadzi ozizira ndikuwanyowa mu potaziyamu ya potanganamu permanganate kwa ola limodzi 1. Kenako amafunika kuti awume kwa masiku asanu pamalo owuma.
Zofunika! Mababu amasungidwa 25 ℃ mchipinda chonyowa. Mababu a kholo ndi mwana wamkazi ayenera kupatukana.
Freesia: Kubzala ndi kusamalira duwa mumphika kunyumba
Freesia, kulima ndi kusamalira pakhomo zomwe ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta, zimapezeka munthawi zitatu:
- kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti mpaka pakati pa Okutobala;
- kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti;
- kuyambira pakati pa Novembala mpaka pakati pa Febuluwale;
Zomera zimayikidwa mumphika ndi dothi losakanizika ndi matope, nthaka ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 1: 1. Mu mphika wa 3 l, mutha kubzala zosaposa ma tubers 6.
Zoyenera kumangidwa
Freesia ndi chomera chojambula bwino ndipo chimafuna kuyatsa maola 12 patsiku. Kuchokera pakuwonekera pakhungu lowongolera dzuwa limafa, motero ndikofunikira kuti isasungidwe pang'ono.
Mpweya wonyowa umakonda freesia, koma matenda a fungus amatha kutulutsa chinyezi chambiri mlengalenga kapena dothi. Ndikofunikira kupopera maluwa kuchokera pa mfuti yakuwombera kuti madzi asalowe mkati mwa masamba.
Zambiri! Kutentha kwambiri kwa duwa ndi 22 ℃. Chomera chimakonda kwambiri kukonzekera komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Zida zakuthirira ndi kuvala kwapamwamba
Mtundu wokha wa feteleza womwe umalowa mu freesia kunyumba ndi zinthu zamadzimadzi. Mu magawo oyambirira a kukula, feteleza ndi nayitrogeni, chitsulo, phosphorous, manganese amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Masamba achikasu - chizindikiro kuti mbewu yabzala.
Kuthirira ndi kudya kumachitika m'mawa. Mphika uyenera kukhala ndi wosanjikiza madzi. Chomera chimakonda kuthirira: kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa madzi ndikosavomerezeka. Nthaka imathirira madzi ikamuma.
Matenda a Fenceia
Chomera chikuyang'anizana ndi matenda omwewo komanso tizirombo monga gladioli. Chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera, freesia amatha kudwala nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa, kupindika. Matenda ofala kwambiri: zowola, nkhanambo, fusarium. Vuto likawonongeka ndi chomera, nthawi yomweyo chotsani odwala.
Kwa prophylaxis, mababu amatha kuthandizidwa ndi opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwachitsanzo, pakuwonjezera. Zogulitsa zonse zogulitsa masitolo (fungicides) ndi yankho lochepa la potaziyamu permanganate ndizoyenera. Njira ina yothanirana ndi matendawa ndi kusagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira pakuthirira. Njira yabwino ndi madzi, omwe amasiyidwa masiku angapo.
Chifukwa chake, freesia amathanso kubzala m'munda wamaluwa pamsewu komanso kunyumba mumphika. Chachikulu ndikuphunzira malangizowo kuti musasokoneze chilichonse, apo ayi woimira maluwa a Irisovs sangadikire.
