Zodzikongoletsera zamagulu kapena zodalirika - zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku mbewu

Physalis ndi wachibale wosatha wa phwetekere ndi fodya. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chikhalidwe chokongoletsera chakhala chotchuka kwambiri pakati pa eni nyumba zapanja. Zipatso zodabwitsa zomwe zimamera pamalowo zidzakhala zokongoletsera zabwino za malowo nthawi yachisanu. Kuphatikiza apo, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akatswiri popanga nyimbo zomwe zimakongoletsa zipinda komanso mawonekedwe a malowa. Pansipa pali chidziwitso cha zomwe physalis ndi ndi.

Kulongosola Kwachikhalidwe

Olima osadziwa maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa, madokotala - ndi chiyani komanso ndi chiyani. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki "Physalis" amatanthauza "kuwira".

Kodi physalis amakula kuti? Dziko lokhala ndi miyambo yokongoletsa amaonedwa ngati gawo la South ndi Central America. Pang'onopang'ono, mabulosi a physalis adayamba kutchuka ku North America ndi Europe.

Momwe madinala amakulira

Kodi ma physalis amawoneka bwanji? Chikhalidwe chokongoletsera ndikuyimira gulu la Solanaceae. Pali mitundu yopitilira 100 ya physalis. Zosakhazikika ndizodzichitira chidwi ndipo zimatha kupirira nthawi yozizira kwambiri yozizira. Chikhalidwe chitha kufalitsa podzilimitsa.

Kutalika kwa tchire kumafika masentimita 55-170. Momwe ma bloalis blooms ndimabvuto ena omwe akudetsa nkhawa alimi. Pak maluwa, chomera cha physalis chimakhala ndi maluwa owala. M'dzinja loyambilira, nyali za lalanje zowala zimawoneka patchire, pomwe zipatso zazing'ono zimapangidwa. Pakapita kanthawi, nyali zaku China zimataya mtundu wawo. Munthawi imeneyi, zipatso ndi mitsempha yopepuka yofanana ndi ma cobwebs imatha kuwoneka.

Kudzikongoletsa kwanyumba mkati

Opanga nthawi zambiri amalumikizitsa nyali zodabwitsa za zokongoletsera zamagulu ndi chingwe chosodza. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, ngati tikufuna, titha kukongoletsedwa ndi nthiti zowala ndi ulusi wa mkanda.

Kuphatikizika kwa zipatso za chic physalis kumakongoletsa bwino bwino mkati mwake, ndikupanga mawonekedwe abwino. Opanga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe chokongoletsera kuti apange nkhata zamakhoma ndi khoma. Zowoneka bwino za malonda ake zimakwaniritsidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndi masamba. Mutha kukongoletsanso nkhata ndi makandulo azokongoletsera ndi nthambi za payini.

Zothandiza komanso zowopsa zamagulu a physalis

Zomwe zili zipatso za zokongoletsera zopangidwa ku matchire zimaphatikizapo zochuluka za zinthu zofunikira, ndizo:

• Vitamini A
• potaziyamu
• magnesium
• Sodium
• Mavitamini a B ndi C

Zinthu izi zitha kuthandizira kuperewera kwa kufufuza zinthu m'thupi.

Chipatso chowawa chitha kupangitsa poyizoni ndi kusanza kwambiri. Mutha kumangodya masamba a physalis okha ndi zipatso pachaka kapena mitundu yosatha.

Zipilala za Physalis

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya physalis yamabedi amaluwa

Kukongoletsa bedi lamaluwa pafupi ndi nyumba, muyenera kulabadira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtundu wokongoletsa, monga:

Physalis Peruvian

Uwu ndi mphukira zachikale, zamasamba zomwe zimafikira masentimita 95-160. Njirazi zimakhala ndi masamba a pubescent, omwe mwachilengedwe amakhala owumbika. Kutalika kwa masamba a maserawo kumafikira masentimita 6 mpaka 14, m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Mukutulutsa maluwa, maluwa amatsegula pamalowo ndi miyala yachikasu ndi mawanga m'munsi, ojambulidwa phale lofiirira. Pang'onopang'ono, zipatso zimapangidwa m'malo mwa maluwa a physalis. Mabulangete achikasu ofiira amabisa zipatso zomwe m'mimba mwake ndi 12-18 mm. Zipatso zokoma ndi wowawasa zimapatsidwa fungo labwino la zipatso.

Mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya ma Peruvia physalis ndi awa:

• chinanazi - mitundu yomwe zipatso zake zimapsa kumapeto kwa chilimwe, amapatsidwa fungo lamankhwala lonunkhira;
• sitiroberi - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso, zomwe tchire zake sizofika 65 cm. Zipatso za Amber zimatulutsa fungo la sitiroberi;
• kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino. Kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 70. Masamba ochepa amapezeka pamtchire, motero zipatso zowala za lalanje zimawonekera bwino pazomera;
• kalasi ya marmalade. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi kukhalapo kwa zitsamba za nthambi. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 140-150. Zipatso za Physalis, zomwe zimaposa 45 g, zimapakidwa utoto wofiirira.

Physalis vulgaris

Komanso yopanda masamba okhala ndi udzu, kutalika kwake komwe kuli masentimita 45-55. Masamba ake amakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Pa tsamba lililonse, kutupa pakati pa mitsempha kumatha kupezeka. Kutalika kwa masamba ake kuli mulifupi masentimita 5,9, ndipo kutalika sikupita masentimita 7 mpaka 12. Maluwa a Physalis, opakidwa matani oyera, amafanana ndi belu. Zipatso zowola zimabisidwa ndi tochi yotupa. Tilingalira zipatsozo munkhaniyi, titha kuwona kukongola kwake.

Physalis ndizokongoletsa

Komanso ndi chikhalidwe chamuyaya, zipatso zake, ngakhale zili zapamwamba, ndizoletsedwa kudya. Muli ndi zinthu zoopsa mumayambitsa poyizoni komanso kusanza kwambiri. Mutha kusilira nyali zowala bwino kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mitsempha yokongoletsera ndi mitundu ya Franchet, yomwe zitsamba zokhala ndi masamba zimatha kutalika masentimita 85-90. masamba obiriwira amtunduwu amakhala ndi zolemba zowoneka bwino zachilengedwe. Zipatso zooneka ngati thunzi zimapaka utoto wofiirira.

Kukula kokongoletsera physalis kwa njere

Momwe mungakulitsire madokotala a nthangala kunyumba? Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kufesa mbande kumapeto kwa Marichi. Pansipa pali gawo limodzi panjira yokulira mbewu, zomwe zingathandize kupewa zolakwika wamba.

Chikhalidwe chokongoletsa

1. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kumayesedwa mu uvuni pafupifupi mphindi 30.
2. Pambuyo pozizira, dothi limatsanuliridwa mumtsuko.
3. Mbewu zachigulu zimayikidwa pamwamba pa nthaka, kenako zimatha kuwaza ndi dothi lapansi. Kuzama sikuyenera kupitirira 10 mm.
4. Dothi limanyowa kuchokera pamfuti yopopera.
5. Zotetezazo ndizakutidwa ndi zinthu zamafilimu ndikusamutsira kuchipinda momwe kutentha kuli kosiyanako ndi 17-20 ºС.
6. Pambuyo masiku 10, mutha kuyembekezera kuwonekera kwa mphukira yoyamba. Munthawi imeneyi, filimuyo imatha kuchotsedwa.
7. Miphika yokhala ndi mphukira imasamutsidwa kumalo abwino.
8. Masamba 2-3 akangowoneka pa mbande, ndikofunikira kumera mbande m'mbale zodyera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mizu ikule bwino.
9. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri ndi itatu amafunika kukhazikitsa feteleza wa michere pansi. Kudyetsa kogwira mtima kwambiri kwa Agricole, komwe kuyenera kuyamba kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi pang'ono malinga ndi malangizo.

Kubzala pabedi mbande

Kodi kukula physalis? Pakati pa Meyi, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kukonzekera malowa kuti abzale mbande zachikale. Pansipa pali njira ya kubzala mbande pabedi lotseguka.

1. Dothi lomwe linali m'malo osankhidwa limakumbidwa mpaka 35 cm cm.
2. Phulusa laling'ono ndi humus limalowetsedwa pansi. Ngati mungafune, mutha kuthira anyezi wosenda pang'ono, womwe ungawopsye tizirombo.
3. Pa mbande zobzalidwa panthaka payenera kukhala masamba 5-7.
4. Ntchito yodzikongoletsa imachitika bwino dzuwa litalowa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. M'mabowo osakumbidwa, mbande zimabzalidwa, pamizu yomwe dothi ladothi liyenera kutsalira.
5. Nthaka itabzala, imanyongedwa kwambiri. Dothi lozungulira maluwa limakhala mulched. Sawdust kapena udzu ndi wangwiro mulch. Makulidwe a mulch akhale mkati mwa masentimita 5-7. Kulinganiza kudzakuthandizani kuti muchepetse udzu ndi kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka nthawi yayitali.

Kuswana

Pofalitsa chikhalidwe chosatha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi:

• magawano achitsamba;
• kudula.

Gawoli

Njira yogawa chitsamba ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri yolera. Mizu ya osatha imatha kusintha bwino malo atsopano. Ndondomeko akulimbikitsidwa m'ma April. Pambuyo pokumba chomera chachikulire, ndikofunikira kuti muzidula mbali zingapo, kumapeto kwake kulikonse kumayenera kukhala ndikukula. Tchire lotsatira limasamutsidwira kumalo atsopano.

Kudula

Kukolola zodula bwino kumachitika mu Julayi. Kuti muchite izi, dulani nsonga zamapulogalamu, pomwe impso ziwiri za 2-3 zakhazikitsidwa. Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yonyowa. Ndikofunika kuzikulitsa mu theka la kutalika. Ma tanks okhala ndi ma landings amakutidwa ndi ma polyethylene chuma (okhala ndi mabowo a mpweya wabwino). Akadula mizu, polyethylene amatha kuchotsedwa. Masabata angapo mutatha kuzika mizu, munthu ayenera kuyamba kufalitsa mbande panthaka.

Zambiri za chisamaliro cha physalis poyera

Ma dealis okongoletsera amafunikira kuunikira kwabwino, chifukwa chake, posankha madera obzala mbewu, ndikofunikira kuzindikira izi. Tsambali liyenera kutetezedwa ku zolemba. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ukonde wamaluwa wamithunzi.

Ndikofunika kupereka zokonda pagawo, zomwe zingapewe kuyanjana ndi madzi oyambira pansi ndi mizu. Nthaka makamaka pang'ono zamchere kapena osalowerera.

Pansipa pali malamulo ofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro chamuyaya, kutsatira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukula bwino.

• Njira yothirira pafupipafupi ndi katatu pa sabata. Pamasiku otentha kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse nthaka m'nthaka tsiku lililonse.
• Udzu umayenera kuti udzu mlungu uliwonse, ukukula pafupi ndi physalis. Mukathirira mbewu, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi mwadongosolo.
• Masiku 14 14 aliwonse, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuvala zovala zapamwamba. Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mullein wothira madzi pang'ono.
• Zomera sizifunira kudulira. Nthambi zambiri, zipatso zimawonekera.

Kusamalira bwino mbewu, mutha kumera zitsamba zathanzi koma osati matenda.

Zipatso za chomera chokongoletsera

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo azaulimi kukuthandizani kuti mulime zitsamba zathanzi mosavomerezeka ndi tizirombo. Komabe, nthawi zina, alimi a physalis amadandaula za tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa. Izi zitha kudziwika ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.

• Zithunzi zokongola. Chifukwa cha izo, mbali imodzi yamasamba imayamba kusanduka chikaso, ndipo yachiwiri imada. Kuti muthane ndi matendawa, muyenera kuchotsa zitsamba zomwe zakhudzidwa pamalowo ndikuwotcha. Nthaka yomwe mbewu zokongoletsera zake zidakula zimathandizidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate yankho.
• Mwendo wakuda ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza mbande zosatha. Mwendo wakuda umayamba makamaka chifukwa chodzala ndi dothi. Pa tchire lomwe limakhudzidwa, khungu la tsinde limawonedwa. Mbande zimafa msanga. Tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa limachotsedwa pamaluwa wamaluwa ndikuwotchedwa. Nthaka pomwe maimeli adakula amathandizidwa ndi fungicidal agents.
• Zola zowola. Chifukwa cha izo, mizu yachikhalidwe chokongoletsera imayamba kuvunda. Kuti muthane ndi matendawa, ndikofunikira kuthamangitsa tchire ndikuwachiza ndi ma tiziphuphu kapena ma cheza.

Maluwa okongola

Kuphatikiza pa matenda, mbewu zimatha kuvulaza:

• Amabala omwe amatafuna mizu. Kuthetsa tizilombo, mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa m'mphete za pulasitiki, zomwe zizikhala mozungulira mizu ya osatha;
• ma waya. Mutha kupirira kuthana ndi tizirombo mothandizidwa ndi nyambo. Maenje okumbidwa m'derali ali ndi udzu wokutidwa ndi matabwa. Pakatha masiku angapo, mutha kuwanyamula ndikuyang'ana mabowo. Nthawi zambiri, pofufuza kutentha, mawayilesi amatola m'maenje. Nsomba ziyenera kutoletsedwa ndikuwotcha limodzi ndi tizirombo. Kuti mupewe kuwoneka ngati ma waya, muyenera kukumba malowo mozama nthawi iliyonse yophukira.

Mavuto ngati amenewa samachitika ndi mbewu, chifukwa chikhalidwe chake chimagwirizana ndi matenda ambiri. Chofunika kwambiri, kutsatira malangizo oyambira kusamalira mbande, omwe angakuthandizeni kukula bwino.

Ma dealis okongoletsa ndi chikhalidwe chomwe zipatso zawo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga kukongoletsa zipinda. Zithunzi zosadziwika bwino za zipatso ndi mitundu yowala zimakweza chisangalalo ndikupatsanso chipindacho. Garlands za physalis zimakwanira bwino mumangidwe aliwonse amkati.