Nkhani yakuwonekera kwa mitundu iyi idayamba ndikuti mitundu yatsopano ya jamu kuchokera ku America idabweretsedwa ku UK. Pamodzi ndi iwo kudabwera matenda omwe sanadziwika kale ku Europe - powdery mildew, kapena sferotek. Matendawa adafalikira mu kontinenti yonse, ndikuwononga mitundu yambiri yapaderadera, ndipo wafika ku Russia.
Mu 1920, wasayansi wazomera wa Russia ndi obereketsa I.V. Michurin adadziyambitsa yekha ntchito yopanga mitundu yosagwirizana ndi matendawa, koma nthawi yomweyo kukhala ndi kukoma kwabwino. Adawoloka jamu waku Europe ndi aku America, ali ndi chitetezo ku malo osungirako mabuku. Wofusayo sanalingalire kutulutsa zikalata za mitundu yatsopano, koma amayigwiritsa ntchito kuti apezeke zatsopano. Koma jamu wakuda uyu anali kukonda kwambiri wamaluwa kotero kuti adayamba kutchuka ndi dzina la Black Negus.
Gulu la gooseberries Black negus
Kulongosola Kwachikhalidwe
Mabasi amtundu wakuda ndi amphamvu, otumphuka, amatha kutalika mpaka 2 m. Zomwe zimapanga izi ndi minga (kangaude amatha kutalika masentimita awiri), omwe Negus adalandira kuchokera kwa kholo lakutchire la America.
Makhalidwe a zipatso
Zipatso zakuda zomwe zimamera pa jamu ndizachilendo pamtunduwu: yaying'ono, yosalala kwathunthu, nthawi zina imakhala ndi chophuka pang'ono, gwiritsitsani bwino chitsamba, ngakhale zipatso zosapsa sizigwa. Guwa la chipatso cha Negus ndilofewa, maroon, mbewu ndizochepa kwambiri, khungu limakhala lochepa thupi.
Zambiri! Kwa iwo omwe samakonda ma spikes, mitundu ya Black Prince ndiyabwino - ndi jamu. Mtundu wakuda, kununkhira kwakanunkhira komanso kununkhira kwa jamu ili sikungasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi.
Zolemba Zamakalasi
Mabulosi akuda a Negus ayamba kuphuka mu Meyi. Zipatso zimayimbidwa zonse nthawi imodzi kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti. Panthawi yakucha, shrub imawoneka yokongola kwambiri: zipatso zakuda zimaphimba nthambi za gooseberries, sizikugwa mvula kapena kugwa mpaka kumapeto.
Zofunika! Mtsitsi wakuda umayamba kubala zipatso molawirira, ndi chisamaliro chabwino chaka chake chachiwiri. Zotsatira za chitsamba chimodzi zimatha kufika mpaka 7-8 kg.
Makhalidwe abwino
Black negus imakhala ndi kukoma kosadziwika: zipatso zokoma ndi zowawasa, zofanana ndi mphesa za Isabella, zimakhala ndi fungo lowoneka bwino lokhala ndi mitundu iyi yokha.
Chilala komanso kukana chisanu
Popeza mitundu ya jamu iyi idalowetsedwa ku Russia, imasiyanitsidwa ndi chisanu. Samawopa chisanu chaku Russia: ngakhale chisanu chofika −25 ° C, kapena chisanu cham'madzi, kapena mphepo yozizira, kotero izi zamtundu wazika m'magawo onse adzikoli.
Nyemba zakuda zimatchedwa chomera chololera chilala, koma kuyanika dothi kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa zipatso.
Kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo
Jamu wakuda uyu adapeza chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ku "wachibale" waku America. Sphereotka, dzimbiri ndi matenda ena am'madzi sangathe kumuvulaza
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Berry
Mtundu wowala ndi choyambirira, kukoma kolemera kwa zipatso za Black Negus adapeza malo ophika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utoto wa chakudya, ndipo gooseberries amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma veke ndi ma tinctures. Vinyo wa Negus wakuda amakhala ndi kununkhira kowoneka bwino kwa mphesa ndi kununkhira, komanso mtundu wa vinyo wabwino.
Kupanikizana kwa jamu
Masamba obiriwira wakuda amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa vitamini C mmenemu ndikokulirapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi ma jamu wamba, chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga timadziti, ma compotes ndi kusunga.
Tcherani khutu! Zipatso zakuda zimakhala ndi michere yambiri.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa zosiyanasiyana
Ngati pali mitundu ya jamu yomwe ili yoyenera kumera m'munda uliwonse wa Russia, ndiye kuti ndi Black Negus jamu, mafotokozedwe ake onse abwino amatenga malo ambiri, motero pansipa ndizofunikira kwambiri zokha:
- kukoma kwabwino;
- michere yambiri ndi mavitamini;
- kunyansidwa;
- kukana chisanu;
- kukana matenda ndi tizirombo;
- mawonekedwe owoneka bwino;
- kayendedwe kabwino komanso njira yayitali yokhala ndi zipatso.
Tcherani khutu! Ma jamu ali ndi drawback imodzi yokha - ma spikes, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukolola ndi kusamalira chitsamba. Koma izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino: kuchokera ku Black Negus hedge labwino amapezeka.
Kubzala mbande zazing'ono patsamba
Mbande ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pachaka, sizivuta kuvomereza, sizifunikira dzenje lalikulu. Asanabzale, amathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera ndi mizu molingana ndi malangizo. Kuti yambitsa kukula kwa mizu musanabzike, dulani mizu ya mbande zingapo masentimita.
Nthawi ndi kayendedwe
Nyemba zakuda zimakhalanso ndi mizu mu nthawi yophukira komanso masika kubzala. Koma mukabzala mbewu nthawi ya kugwa, iyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuyambira kubzala mpaka isanayambike chisanu, ziyenera kutenga miyezi 1.5 kuti chitsamba chizilowera, ndipo mizu yake imalimbikira nyengo yachisanu isanachitike.
Kubzala kwa Shrub
Zofunika! Nyerezo yakuda ndi chitsamba chofalikira, chifukwa chake, pakubzala kwa magulu, 1.5 mita ayenera kusiyidwa pakati pa mbande ndi osachepera 2 mita pakati pa mizere.
Kusankha malo okhalitsa
Pakubzala gooseberries, muyenera kusankha malo osawotcha kapena opanda mphepo, koma kwa osasinthika osiyanasiyana Black Negus ndikotheka kubzala pamthunzi wochepa.
Shrub iyenera kubzalidwa pamalo okwera (kwambiri, ngakhale) pamtunda, chifukwa chinyezi chowonjezera chimavulaza mizu ya mbewu. Malo omwe pansi pamadzi amatuluka pafupi ndi nthaka nawonso sioyenera kubzala.
Kuphatikizika kwa dothi kulibe kanthu, gooseberries amakula ndikubala zipatso panthaka iliyonse kupatula dongo. Koma kuti chomera chikwaniritse zonse zomwe zingathe kupanga zipatso ndikubala zipatso zochuluka, amasankha dothi labwino lopanda chonde feteleza wobzala.
Kukonzekera kwa tsamba
Musanabzale mbande, ndikofunika kuti mugwire dothi ndikuchotsa namsongole ndi mizu, chifukwa chitsamba chaminga chikakula, zimakhala zovuta kuyeretsa pansi pake.
Zofunika! Nyemba zakuda sizikukula pamtunda, koma ndibwino kusankha mchenga-loamy kapena loamy, wokhala ndi pH pafupifupi 6. Ngati kubzala kumapangidwa dongo kapena dothi losauka, muyenera kuthira manyowa ndi humus kapena kompositi.
Njira zopangira
Maenje obzala mbande amakumbidwa ndi mulifupi masentimita 40 ndikuzama masentimita 50, amakhathamiritsa (humus kapena kompositi ndiwofunikira monga mavalidwe apamwamba, ngati kulibe, ndiye kuti superphosphate ndi potaziyamu amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito), ndipo madzi amathiridwa. Mizu ya mmera imalowetsedwa mumphika ndikuikumba ndikutsikira pang'ono kuti khosi la muzu limakonkhedwa ndi dothi 5. Mutabzala, mbande zimadulidwa, ndikusiya masamba asanu ndi limodzi. Mbande zimamwe madzi ambiri, pafupifupi malita 10 amadzi pachitsamba chilichonse chidzafunika.
Mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ochuluka
Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro cha nyengo
Nyemba zakuda zimasowa kuthirira kosowa koma kochuluka: nthawi 3-5 pachaka mpaka malita 10-30 amadzi pansi pa muzu wa chitsamba chilichonse. Ngati dzinja lili louma, ndiye kuti muyenera kuthirira mbewu ija nthawi zambiri.
Gooseberries amathiridwa feteleza kuchokera zaka 1-2 mutabzala. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kawiri pachaka: kasupe, mpaka masamba atatseguka, ndi kugwa.
Black jamu ndi chomera prickly kwambiri, motero, kuti tichotsere kumasula ndi kudula pafupipafupi, mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo imakutidwa ndi mulch.
Kukula gooseberries pa trellises
Kukula gooseberries pa trellises kumathandizira kukolola ndikuthamanga kukacha kwa zipatso. Nthambi za chitsamba zimakhala ndi fan, zimaziwongolera mokweza pamwamba pa trellis pamtunda wa pafupifupi 20 cm kuchokera pachinzake.
Kuwaza chitsamba ndi kulowetsedwa kwa malalanje a lalanje, ma anyezi kapena yankho la Baikal-EM-1 kudzakuteteza ku nsabwe za m'masamba.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamasika komanso usiku wa usiku Wonyansa wakuda uyenera kudulidwa, nthambi zonse zofooka, mphukira zazing'ono ndi mphukira zosabala ziyenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake. Kwa nthambi za zaka 2 mpaka 7, kudulira odana ndi kukalamba kuyenera kuchitidwa. Pakatikati, ndikofunikira kufupikitsa pamwamba pa chitsamba ndi 1/3.
Tcherani khutu! Kuti muwonjezere kukula kwa zipatsozo, mutha kudulira masamba obiriwira nthawi yotentha, ndikusiya masamba 5-7 pa iwo.
Kukonzekera gooseberries nyengo yachisanu, ndikokwanira kudulira ndikuthirira mbewuyo chambiri. Mphamvu ya dothi imawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi usiku womwe uli chisanu, ndipo nthaka imazizira pang'onopang'ono.
Kudulira kwa jamu
Kuswana
Black negus imafalikira m'njira zonse.
- Kudula. M'dzinja, mphukira zazing'ono zimalekanitsidwa, kudulidwa ndikudula ndi masamba atatu ndikubzala m'nthaka pamtunda wa 45 ° kuti masamba atatu akhale pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Gawoli. Chitsamba chimakumbidwa ndikugawika magawo awiri. M'modzi mwa iwo akubzalidwa m'malo atsopano.
- Kuyika. Iyi ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri kubadwira: kasupe, imodzi mwa mphukira imagwada pansi ndikukumba. Chomera chimamwe madzi nthawi zonse, ndipo pambuyo pa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano zimadyetsedwa. Mu nthawi yophukira, chomera chatsopano chimasiyanitsidwa ndikuziika.
- Mfuti. Dulani kenako muzu nthambi zomwe zimapangidwa pafupi ndi chomera. Njira yobereka iyi siyabwino kwa tchire kuposa zaka 8-9.
- Nthambi. Nthambi yopangidwa bwino yomwe ili ndi gawo la mizu imasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera cha mayi ndikuyika kwina.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Kuteteza mbewu ku tizirombo koyambilira kasupe, mpaka masamba atadzuka, ayenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha.
Tcherani khutu! Chitsamba chimodzi chimadya kuthirira kwa madzi otentha ndikuphatikizira ndi uzitsine wa potaziyamu permanganate ndi supuni 1 ya 3 ya boric acid.
Masiku ano, obereketsa amabereka zipatso zatsopano zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri zopangidwa zatsopano ndizoposa zomwe adazipangira kale. Koma pali mitundu yosagwirizana ndi nthawi, mwachitsanzo, jamu Black negus. Ndipo ngakhale Negus ndi jamu wokhala ndi mbiri pafupifupi ya mbiri komanso mbiri yakale, kakomedwe kake kamatha kupereka zovuta ku hybrids zamakono. Chifukwa chake, iye amakhalabe m'modzi mwa otchuka kwambiri wamaluwa.
