Gooseberries akhala chimodzi mwazomera zomwe amakonda kwambiri zamaluwa. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti zinali zaka za pambuyo pa nkhondo pomwe adayamba kulima ngati gawo lofunikira kwambiri lobzala mabulosi m'nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe. Kupatula apo, zipatso zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri okha. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yambiri, monga momwe zimakhalira, zimalekerera chisanu bwino kwambiri, zomwe zidakulitsa malo ogawikirawo kumpoto.
Mbiri yakale yazosiyanasiyana
Yesetsani kukonza kukula kwa chisanu osagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi zipatso zam'madzi zosiyanasiyana kunayamba kumayambiriro kwa 40s. Kufunika kwa chikhalidwe, malinga ndi zomwe mavitamini anali nazo, kunali kovuta kudya. Ichi ndichifukwa chake adaganiza zotsogola kulimbikitsa mitundu yatsopano, kutengera mitundu yomwe idali mbali ya ku Europe. Kupambana kwa ntchito ya gulu K. Sergeeva idafotokozedwa mu 1952, pomwe kunali kotheka kupanga mitundu yambiri yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira zake. Zosiyanasiyana zidagawidwa mu 1959 ndi All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture yotchedwa I.V. Michurin. Phenic ndi Black negus adakhala kholo la mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Gooseberry Malachite
Gooseberry Malachite, malongosoledwe osiyanasiyana omwe adakhazikitsidwa mkaundula wa mitundu, amadziwika kuti ndi jamu yamtundu woyamba kucha ndi nyengo yayifupi yokulira ndi nthawi yayitali yopanga zipatso kwa zaka 15.
Makhalidwe a tchire
Mabasi amadziwika kuti ndi wamtali, wokhala ndi mphukira yambiri. Mphukira ndi yowongoka, yopindika, imakonda kuluka mkati mwa chitsamba pakukula.
Yang'anani! Kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi mita 0.9-1. Minga ndi yakuthwa, yomwe ili m'litali lonse la nthambi, makonzedwe ndi osowa, asymmetrical. Dongosolo la mizu ndilothandiza kwambiri, pobwezeretsa chaka chilichonse ndi mphukira mosamala amatha kufikira 25-30%.
Malambe a jamu ali ndi zazikulu, zazikulu kuposa masamba wamba. Tsamba lamasamba limakhala losalala, pomwe masamba akuphukira masamba amakhala osalala, utoto wochokera kubiriwira wopendekera mpaka utoto wobiriwira wobiriwira nthawi yachilimwe. Pamwamba pa tsambalo pamanenedwa, ili ndi masamba asanu, tsamba lokha limakhala lozungulira ndi gawo lapakati komanso mbali zomata.
Makhalidwe a zipatso
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino. Zipatsozo ndizopindika mozungulira momwe zimapangidwira mitsempha yambiri yoyera kapena yobiriwira. Peel ndi yopyapyala, mkati mwake mumadzala ndi mbewu. Kulemera kwa zipatso munthawi yopanga zipatso ndi 5-6 magalamu, mu nthawi yaying'ono ikhoza kukhala yapamwamba mpaka 8-9. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kukula kwachepetsedwa mpaka magalamu anayi.
Zofunika! Kupukutira kowonjezeranso sikofunikira pa maluwa, chifukwa chikhalidwe chimadzithandiza zokha, ndipo pollinator safunika pamenepo.
Kucha zipatso panthambi
Zolemba Zamakalasi
Gooseberry Malachite ali ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina.
Kucha nthawi ndi zipatso
Maluwa amapezeka theka loyamba la Meyi. Nthawi yakucha ya zipatso ndi kutha kwa mwezi wa June ndikuyamba kwa Julayi. Kukolola kwakukulu ndi 80-90% kukhwima kwa zipatso zamtengo wapatali zamalonda kumachitika kumapeto kwa Julayi. Kuti kuswana ndi njere, zipatso zimasankhidwa kumayambiriro kwa August.
Chitsamba chimapatsa mbewu yoyamba mchaka chachitatu mutabzala. Gawo lokangalika limayamba ndi zaka 3-4 za moyo ndipo limatha pambuyo pa zaka 8-9. Pakatha zaka 12, chitsambachi chimayamba kutaya makhalidwe ake ndikuwonongeka. Pofika zaka 15-16, kuchuluka kwa zokolola kumachepa kuchoka pachimake mpaka 30-40%. Ambiri zipatso zokolola m'badwo mpaka 4 makilogalamu zipatso pach chitsamba chilichonse.
Makhalidwe abwino
Kuguza kwake ndi kowutsa mudyo, kamvekedwe ka wowawasa komanso kutsiriza shuga. Ali ndi fungo lamphamvu lamabulosi. Ngakhale zipatso zosapsa zimapatsanso kukoma.
Chilala komanso kukana chisanu
Kwa mitundu iyi, chisanu chozizira kwambiri mpaka -25 madigiri sichili chovuta kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zinali zowerengeka ndikuyembekezera kulimidwa kumadera omwe ali ndi chilimwe chochepa chosatentha komanso nyengo yotentha yayitali yokhala ndi thaws pafupipafupi. Malachite amasinthidwa moyenera malinga ndi dera lapakati Russia. Mphepo, icing ndi chivundikiro chachikulu cha chisanu sichimuopa iye.
Zofunika! Munthawi yowuma, gooseberries amafunikira chisamaliro chowonjezera - kudyetsa nthawi yake, kuthirira ndi kuchiritsa ndi mankhwala oteteza ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo
Tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri ta gooseberries tomwe tili mumphepete mwa msewu ndi dera la Moscow ndi tizirombo ta m'deralo. Mwa ena, owopsa kwambiri ndi:
- nsabwe za m'masamba - zimakhudza tchire ndi magawo athunthu;
- mabokosi amoto;
- ma cutter - kugonjetsedwa kwa mphukira zopindulitsa za zaka 2-3 ndizowopsa.
Njira zoyendetsera - kuwonda pa nthawi yake, mankhwala ake, kutsimikizika kwachitsamba. Kutsatira malamulo operekera mphukira.
Yang'anani! Kungogwiritsa ntchito kamodzi mwa njira yachitsulo ya sulfate mu Epulo-Meyi kumathandizira kuteteza chitsamba kuchilimwe.
Zosiyanasiyana zimatsutsana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, komabe, ngakhale atha kupilira poyizoni wa powdery, zimathanso kukhudzidwa:
- anthracosis;
- Septoria;
- dzimbiri.
Njira zopewera ndi kuchiza:
- kutsatira zonse zaukadaulo waulimi - kukolola kwa masamba a malimwe, kudulira kwa masika ndi kuvala kwapamwamba, mulching;
- kuthirira nyengo yamvula; mwezi wovuta ndi Julayi.
- kukonza mu yophukira ndi zoteteza, mu kasupe kukonza ndi Bordeaux.
- pa kukula nyengo - zokhudza zonse immunostimulating mankhwala.
Uphungu! Ndikofunika kumasula nthaka pansi pa chitsamba, izi zimathandizira kusinthana kwa gasi ndikuchepetsa mwayi wa spores m'nthaka, iyi ndiye ntchito ina yokhudzana ndi gooseberries mutatenga zipatso.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Berry
Zipatso zamalonda zokhala ndi shuga wambiri ndizoyenera kumeza. Mu maphikidwe apamwamba, ma juzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodzaza ma pie, ma jellies, kupanikizana amapangidwa kuchokera ku icho, zipatso za stewed zimaphika.
Kwa okonda zosowa, pali maphikidwe a jamu wokhala ndi zipatso za Malachite ndi zakumwa zina. Vinyo ali ndi fungo labwino la mabulosi, ali ndi mawonekedwe osasinthika. Ndipo chakumwa chake ndi mtundu wa malachite. Ndi kukoma, ndi maluwa!
Kukolola kwa Berry
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kalasi Malachite
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yamkati yoyambirira yakucha yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kuti ilowe pakati gulu liyenera kudziwika:
- kukana kwambiri chisanu;
- zokolola zambiri nthawi zonse;
- kukoma kwabwino kwa zipatso, kwokhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri;
- Zipatso, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, sizing'ambike, koma khalani panthambi mpaka ziume kwathunthu;
- zipatso zimalekerera bwino mayendedwe popanda kutaya mawonekedwe ndi kukoma kwawo.
Kalanga, pali zovuta:
- kukana kwa Mediocre ku anthracosis;
- kufunika kothirira nthawi yake munthawi yadzuwa.
Kubzala mbande zazing'ono patsamba
Kuti ikwaniritse bwino komanso tchire tating'ono kuti mizu ithe, malamulo angapo ayenera kuwonedwa.
Kusankha ndi kukonza mbande
Kubzala, mbande za zaka 1-2 zokhala ndi mizu yolukidwa bwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Asanabzala, mbande zimadulidwa ku nthambi zouma ndipo ma rhizomes amakonzedwanso. Asanabzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kupirira maola 4-6 mu njira yothetsera muzu kapena mankhwala ena kuti apangike mizu.
Nthawi ndi kayendedwe
Yabwino ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri kubzala tchire. Ndi kugwa komwe mphukira zazing'ono zimasandulika zomera zodziyimira, zimatha kuzika mizu bwino ndikuyimira palokha patchire la kholo.
Yang'anani! Woyang'anira dimba waluso amayang'ana pa Seputembara-Okutobala. Ino ndi nthawi yomwe kuzizira sikunabwerebe ndipo nyengo idalola madzi okwanira, panthawiyi ndikosavuta kusamalira kwatsopano.
Nthawi yakubzala imayang'ana nyengo yokhazikika, pomwe kufinya kwa impso kumayamba.
Dongosolo lobzala ndilofala, ndipo limakhalapo pakati pa tchire la 1-1,5 mita. Ichi ndi chitsamba chokulirapo, chopepuka, ndipo mumafunikira malo oyendetsera ntchito mukamagwira ntchito.
Kusankha malo okhalitsa
Kwa mabulogu obzala akulimbikitsidwa:
- mbali yotentha dzuwa, lotseguka dzuwa tsiku lonse;
- kusowa kwa zolemba;
- nthaka m'derali bwino osalowerera kapena pang'ono acidic;
- dothi louma ndi dongo, ndipo malo abwino okukulirakulira ndi lotayirira, dothi lodzaza.
Yang'anani! Contraindication to landing - malo otsika, osefukira ndi madambo, malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira pansi.
Kubzala tchire
Kukonzekera kwa tsamba
Kukonzekera kwa tsamba kumayeneranso kuyeretsa malowo kuyambira m'minda yakale, kusunthira pamtunda, kuphwanya njira yodzaliramo mizere, ndikuwona mzere utalikiranani.
Njira zopangira
Maenje akuluakulu akonzedwa masiku 7-10 asanabzalidwe. Makulidwe 50x50 masentimita mpaka akuya masentimita 55-60. Pansi amaphimbidwa ndi humus kapena manyowa. Kutalika kwa masentimita 2-5, ndikutsatiridwa ndi 5 cm nthaka yachonde. Asanafike, kuchuluka kuthirira. Mmera wakhazikika pakati pa dzenjelo. Izi zisanachitike, mizu imawongoledwa kotero kuti pali gawo lalikulu la mizu momwe mungathere.
Kudzazidwa kumachitika mosalekeza mosateteza kuti muchepetse kuchitika kwa voids. Mutabzala, konzani nsonga zake kutalika kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 17 ndikuthirira ndi malita a madzi 10-12.
Uphungu! Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musachoke kuposa impso 5-6 pamwamba pa nthaka. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti nthambi zambiri zikula kwambiri chaka chamawa. Ndipo nyengo yachisanu yoyamba imapangitsa kuphimba nthambi za kutalika uku ndi chipale chofewa kuchokera ku chisanu.
Zomwe zimatsirira ndi kusamalira nyengo
Kusamalira nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Nthawi yothirira yoyamba ndi kuvala kwapamwamba ndiye kutha kwa Epulo-kuyambira Meyi mpaka nyengo yamaluwa. Pazovala zapamwamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito iron sulfate kapena yankho la organics.
Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba kumayambiriro kwa kucha ndi khumi oyambilira a June. Julayi nthawi zambiri imangokhala kuthirira masiku onse 7 mpaka 7. Mukatha kukolola, chisamaliro cha jamu chimakhala kuthirira kuti madzi azikhala bwino komanso kulimbitsa ma bend panthawi yovunda.
Yang'anani! Gooseberries sayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ozizira.
Mulching ndi kulima
Mulching imachitika ndi njira zingapo. Yophukira itatha kukolola, makungwa a paini amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chapakatikati, chimatsukidwa ndikuchotsa. M'malo mwake, udzu kapena udzu waikidwa. Panthawi yamaluwa ndi maluwa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito udzu watsopano. Udzu wophwanyidwa umayikidwa pansi pa chitsamba, patatha sabata limodzi ndikamasula, gawo latsopano la mulch limayikidwa. Kutsegula tikulimbikitsidwa patatha masiku 4-5 mutathirira.
Mankhwala othandizira
M'nyengo yozizira, nthambi zimathiridwa mafuta ndikakonzedwe ndi spore kuti muteteze ku dzuwa. Chisanu chikasungunuka, kukonzekera kumabwerezedwanso. Musanathetse masamba, utsi ndi Bordeaux osakaniza. Mu June-Julayi, koma pasanathe masiku 14 kusonkhanitsidwa kwa zipatso, kukonzekera kovuta kumakonzedwa. Pothetsa matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ovuta.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa eni
Poti nthambi siziyamira pansi, zimathandizira kuthengo. Amapangidwa ndi matabwa kapena mapulipi apulasitiki 25-30 masentimita kuchokera pansi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chapakati ndi chingwe cha waya wokhala ndi mulifupi wa 6-8 mm wokhala ndi zingwe za 4-5.
Pulasitiki mipanda yamiyala
Kudulira
Kudulira koyenera kumachitika kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Palibe kudula komwe kumakonzekera August. Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndi jamu mutatola zipatso mu Seputembera-Okutobala ndikupanga chitsamba ndikuchotsa mphukira zachikulire kuposa zaka 4. Chapakatikati, nthambi zakufa zimachotsedwa.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chisanu cha chisanu chazigawo - ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi masamba kapena mabango. Musanachoke kuzizira, muyenera kuchotsa nthambi zodwala ndi zakufa. Sendani masamba a jamu ndi mulch makungwa.
Kuswana
Pakukula kwa jamu, pali njira zingapo: kudula, kugawaniza, kugawa ndikalumikiza. Nthawi yambiri komanso yayitali kwambiri - ndi mbewu.
Kudula
Pochita kudula, timitengo tokhala ndi masamba 5-6 timagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mutuwu ukuchitika kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Musanabzale, kulowetsa kumachitika muzu. Pambuyo pake, chepetsa chimayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Pakatha masiku 21, nyumba yobiriwirayo imayamba kutseguka ndipo phesi limakhala lotseguka.
Zofunika! Tambalala ayenera kuchitika kugwa isanayambike chisanu.
Gawoli
Kwa kubereka, baka kuposa zaka 5-6 amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chaka chisanafike njirayi, mphukira zonse zachotsedwa. Chapakatikati kapena nthawi yophukira, chitsamba chimakumbidwa, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono zimayambira. Kukhazikitsa kumachitika pamalo atsopano.
Kuyika
Mphukira wachinyamata wobiriwira wazaka ziwiri zam'madzi akuwombera pansi ndipo wakhazikika ndi mabatani awiri achitsulo. Dothi limathiridwa pamwamba. Pomwe pamakhala mizu imathiriridwa kamodzi tsiku lililonse 3-4. Pambuyo masiku 21, urea amadyetsedwa. Kukonzekera kuyala pakati pa kasupe kuyala pambuyo 1 chaka.
Katemera
Mitundu yatsopano imatha kupangidwa ndi katemera. Katemera, mphukira zolemetsa zimatengedwa. Katemera umachitika isanayambike kutupa kwa impso. Kuthekera kwa zotsatira zopambana kuli mpaka 40%.
Mbewu
Mbewu zocha zipatso zouma zouma pang'ono ndikuzibzala mumphika ndi dothi losakaniza. M'nyengo yozizira, mphika umakumba kapena kutipititsa ku cellar. Amaphuka m'ngululu.
Yang'anani! Zoyipa zaukadaulo uwu ndizotheka kochepa kupeza chomera chomwe ali ndi matchulidwe achimayi.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Chinsinsi chakuchita bwino pakuwongolera tizilombo ndi chisamaliro chomera choyenera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta kuziteteza. Kusamalira koyenera kumaphatikizapo mulching, kudulira mwaukhondo, kuvala pamwamba komanso kuthirira. Pankhani ya mankhwala mankhwala, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mu kugwa ndi masika motsutsana spores. Ndipo m'chilimwe kuteteza ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito zonse ndi kusamalira gooseberry Malachite, pali kuthekera kokwanira kuti tchire lingasangalale ndi mbewu yayikulu yonse. Palibe zachabe kuti mitundu iyi ndi zaka 60 za mbiriyakale idakali yotchuka ndi olima dimba.
