Zokoma (nkhaka zofiira) Zingatheke kuti zimapezeka ndi zomera zosasangalatsa, ngakhale kuti masambawa ndi a banja la dzungu.
Masiku ano, nkhaka zofiira zimakula m'mayiko akumwera chakum'maŵa kwa Asia, Europe ndi America, koma kumadera akutali akuyang'ana bwino malo ake obadwira, ngakhale kuti masambawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmenemo ngati chomera chokongola.
Nkhuka zobiriwira kapena zofiira: ndondomeko
Mbewu imeneyi imatchedwa nkhaka zofiira chifukwa cha kufanana kwa zipatso ndi nkhaka yamba. Zipatso za zomera izi sizipitirira 6 masentimita m'litali ndi 2 masentimita awiri, kukhala ndi kuwala pansi, zomwe zimatha pamene chipatso chimabala. Pakati pa kucha, zipatso zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira, ndi chifukwa chake dzina la "nkhaka zofiira" linabwera. Chomerachi chingathenso kutchedwa nkhaka yosatha chifukwa chakuti gawo lake lakumwamba limwalira asanayambe nyengo yozizira, komanso kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale m'nthaka pali mbatata yofanana ndi mbatata, yomwe zomerazo zimafalitsa. 
Mukudziwa? Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya kumakhalabe wobiriwira, osati zipatso zokolola. Mukhoza kudya zonse ziwiri zofiira komanso zitatha kutentha.
Kumene angabzalidwe tladiant
Malo odzala nkhaka zofiira amasankha dzuwa kapena mthunzi wache. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kudzala pulazi pansi pamtunda ndi tubers ku 6-8 masentimita. Pamene mutabzala, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ma tubers atsopano angapangidwe mamita awiri kuchokera pa malo obzala kuti nyengo yonse ikule. Kuti nkhaka zofiira zisamafalikire pansi pa malo onsewa, m'pofunika kuchepetsa malo otsetsereka kuti zikhale zidutswa zamatabwa kuti zikhale mozama pafupifupi theka la mita. Mitengo yamphongo ndi yamuna imalimbikitsidwa kusiyanitsa pakati pa slate kuti asatengere komanso kuti athe kusiyanitsa. 
Kusamalira Zomera
Kusamalira nkhaka zofiira, kulima kwake sikudzamupatsa wolima munda mavuto ambiri. Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera katatu kapena sabata pa sabata, malingana ndi nyengo yomwe ikutsitsimutsa nthaka. Pa nyengo yonse yolima, mphukira zapansi ziyenera kudulidwa kuti tladiant isafalikire pa tsamba lonselo. M'dzinja, mbali yomwe ili pamwambayi iyenera kudulidwa, ndipo zina zowonjezera ziyenera kukumbidwa. Ngati mukufuna kuti chomera chikhale ndi maonekedwe okongola, muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa masamba - onjezerani yankho la phulusa ndi superphosphate kunthaka. Madzi nthaka ndi njira ya masiku awiri ya 1 chikho cha phulusa mu 2-3 malita a madzi, kuwononga 5 malita pa mita imodzi.
Nkhaka Yofiira Kuswana
Zakudya zobiriwira zimafalitsa zomera (tubers) ndi mbewu. Kufalitsa mbewu za nkhaka zofiira, gwiritsani ntchito mbande. Mbewu ziyenera kuyanika kutentha kutentha ndikuyikidwa kwa miyezi 3-4 yokhala ndi chipinda mu chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa + 1-5 ° C. Musanafese, mbewu ziyenera kulowetsedwa m'madzi otentha (makamaka mu thermos) kwa maola 6-8, kenako afesedwa nthaka yobiriwira kwa 2-3 masentimita. 
Chimene chiyenera kumvetsera
Kuti mukhale ndi fruiting wochuluka, m'pofunika kuti muzitha kupanga maluwa okongola a maluwa mwanzeru, chifukwa mungathe kutenga burashi wofewa kapena kubudula maluwa amphongo ndi mungu wochepa, ndikukhudza mfumbi ya particles ku pistil ya maluwa a mkazi. Kupambana kwa mungu kumatha kudziwika poika zipatso - nkhaka zobiriwira zobiriwira. Nkhuka zofiira zimamasula maluwa onse a chilimwe.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhumba zofiira zikhoza kupangidwa ndi mungu ndi zikhalidwe zina za mtundu wa dzungu, monga nkhaka wamba, zukini kapena dzungu, ndi mapangidwe a zipatso zopanda mbewu. Komabe, kuti mulandire nyemba, m'pofunika kuti mungu umatuluke maluwa ndi mungu, womwe ndi tladiants.
Nkhumba zofiira ndi wobadwa yekha
Chosavuta ndi chodziwika ndi gulu la liana zakuda ndipo ali ndi mizu yofanana ndi mizu yowumitsa. Pa chomera kumapeto kwa mphukira za pansi pa nthaka amapangidwa ang'onoang'ono, kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 8 masentimita, omwe amatchedwa thupi yosungirako. Kuchokera ku vegetative masamba a tubers atsopano mphukira kukula, ndipo lonse pamwamba-nthaka misa ya zomera amatha kayendedwe ndi kufa. Tubers saopa chisanu ndi kulekerera nyengo yozizira bwino. 
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale I. V. Michurin nthawi ina adakonza zolinga zogwiritsira ntchito tladiants kuti apange chitukuko cha mbewu za dzungu. Ndipo ngati akwanitsa kuchita zolinga zake, ndiye kuti tsopano tikukula nkhaka zosatha komanso mavwende pa ziwembu zathu ndipo tikhoza kusonkhanitsa zokolola zabwino.
Kukongoletsa kofiira nkhaka
Chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwa chipatso, komanso chifukwa cha kukula kwake mofulumira komanso kukana nyengo yoipa, the tladiant imatchedwa "yokongola nkhaka" ndipo imakula kuti ikongoletsedwe. Pakati pa chilimwe, nkhaka zofiira zimakula kufika mamita asanu ndi limodzi ndipo zimamanga bwino zothandizira. 
Chifukwa cha mitundu yake yowala, idzawoneka bwino kumbali ya dzuwa, gazebo kapena mpanda. Zidzakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pamakoma a phyto, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa loggias, mtengo wouma pa chiwembu, kapena kompositi. Chifukwa cha pubescence wa masamba, nkhaka zofiira zimamatira kwambiri pamakoma, mitengo ndi zinthu zina, koma zomera sizowopsa ndipo sizimayambitsa kukwiya kapena khungu.
Zothandiza za mbewu
Mbalameyi imakhala ndi ntchito yaikulu kumachira akummawa. Mwachitsanzo, mbeu yambewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choleretic kapena diuretic, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadya masamba atsopano, zimatha kuimitsa ntchito ya m'mimba. Komanso, chomeracho chimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi anti-inflammatory properties, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mutu ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ochiritsa akum'mawa amakonzekera kulowetsedwa ku maluwa a nkhaka zofiira ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya chimfine. Nkhumba zofiira zakhala zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala chifukwa cha mavitamini A, B, E, C, mavitamini A, B, E, C, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cobalt, iron, phosphorus ndi ena.
Ndikofunikira! Kulepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuchepa kwa nkhaka zofiira kumachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana.
