Omwe alimi ambiri amateur amakhulupirira molakwika kuti dogwood ndi machoneaster ndi amodzi chomera chimodzi, mayina okha ndi osiyana pang'ono. Izi sizili choncho, choncho musanabzale zitsamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa kufanana ndi kusiyana kwake, komanso nkhani yokhudza kukula kwa mtundu uliwonse.
Galu
Dogwood (Cornus mas) - mbewu yomwe ili ngati mitengo kapena mitengo yabwino.
Galu
Dzinali ndi la Türkic - mawu oti "kyzyl" amatanthauza "ofiira".
Chiyambi
Komwe kudachokera sikukudziwika, koma nthano yakale imadziwika, malinga ndi momwe yemwe adayambitsa Roma, Romulus, atapinda mkondo pansi, adasankha malo oti adzamangenso mzindawu. Mkondowo unazika mizu ndi kupatsa mbewu yoyamba ya nkhuni.
Zosangalatsa. Palibe amene angatsimikizire izi, kwambiri a Romulus "adadziwika" kupha m'bale wake Remus ndi dzina la mzindawo pomulemekeza. Mafupa a chomera adapezeka m'malo a anthu am'masiku a Neolithic. Pali chikhulupiliro chachikhristu kuti mtanda womwe adapachikidwapo adapachika nkhuni. Palibe umboni wa mbiri yakale kapena wofukula za izi.
Wamaluwa chapakati Russia ndiwokayikira kuti mwina angakulitse mbewu yakum'mwera. Pachabe. Matalala aku Asia sikuvutanso. Minda yothandiza komanso yobala zipatso ya Main Botanical Garden ya Russian Academy of Science mu 1950 inangotsimikizira izi.
Mitundu yamtchire imapezeka kulikonse ku Caucasus, nthawi zambiri kum'mwera kwa Russia, komanso ku Moldova, Ukraine, Central ndi Asia Minor, China, Japan, North America, komanso kumadera apakati ndi kumwera kwa Europe. Zilime za m'munda zili ponseponse pomwe malo ake ndi abwino.
Dogwood ndi chitsamba chomwe chimatha kutalika mamita 2 mpaka 6. Mphukira zake zimakhala ndi bulauni, masamba owoneka ngati mawonekedwe amapezeka pa iwo.
Maluwa a Dogwood ndi kufotokozera zipatso
Mtundu wofiira wowala wokhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana yomwe imabala zipatso zamitundu yambiri. Zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ndi zipatso zachikasu (zimawonedwa ngati albino), zofiirira, komanso pafupifupi zakuda.
Chipatso cha Dogwood
Kapangidwe kake kamakhala kosiyanasiyana, kamasiyana mu dera lililonse. Pakati pawo, wamba:
- ellipsoidal;
- ozungulira;
- woboola pakati.
Chipatsocho ndi drupe wokhala ndi mchere wambiri. Kununkhira kwake ndi kokoma komanso wowawasa, nthawi zina kumangokhala kugona pang'ono. Kulemera kwa mabulosi ndi 2 ... 6 g; mitundu yosankhidwa ikhoza kukhala yowonjezereka.
Zothandiza Chochititsa chidwi: Maluwa amayambira masamba asanatuluke (kwinakwake mu Epulo) ndipo amatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Maambulela inflorescence, 15 ... maluwa 30 apadera.
Kuphatikizika, katundu wopindulitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito
Zipatso za Dogwood ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zofunika kwambiri, kuphatikiza chakudya ndi fiber, zomwe zimakonda zipatso. Mwazambiri, mwachitsanzo, za ascorbic acid, amaposa zipatso zakuda, zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati muyezo wazowonetsa izi.
Vitamini kapangidwe kazipatso:
- Carboxylic acid (makamaka osowa komanso yamtengo wapatali amber).
- Imayamba ndi zoperewera.
- Nitrogen amaphatikizira.
- Mafuta ofunikira.
- Zitsulo zamchere za alkali ndi alkali, nthaka, magnesium, phosphorous, chitsulo, sulufule.
- Mavitamini A, C, P.
- Polyphenols
- Osakhazikika
Mbalu yamaluwa
Fungo la chomera m'mundawu limachotsa tizilombo tosafunikira. Opanga uchi, Mosiyanako, ndi alendo olandilidwa. Bacteria samasangalalanso.
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa ndizovuta kupezeka kwambiri. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndizambiri ndizambiri kotero kuti nkosatheka kutchula zonse, zazikulu:
- Masamba ndi decoction awo abala machiritso, anti-kutupa, mkodzo, ndi zochita za choleretic.
- Infusions masamba ndi nthambi ogwira gout, magazi m'thupi, ambiri kagayidwe kachakudya matenda.
- Kulowetsedwa zipatso kumalimbitsa m'mimba thirakiti, kumaletsa kutsekula m'mimba.
- Mchere wa zipatso umathandizira kukhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino.
- A decoction wa mizu amathandizira kupweteka kwamisempha, sciatica.
Pazakudya zopatsa thanzi, chimanga ndichofunika kwambiri kotero kuti chimayenera gawo lina la gastronomy. Zipatso zouma, zachisanu zimasunga zonse zomwe zimawathandiza. Kuzizira, monga ambiri amakhulupirira, ngakhale kusintha kukoma kwawo pochotsa acidity.
Zosangalatsa! Gwiritsani ntchito milandu: zoteteza, kupanikizana, ma jellies, msuzi, masipuni, soseji, kuphika ndi nyama, nkhuku, nsomba.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Dogwood imagawidwa m'mitundu 50, yomwe imaphatikizidwa mu 4 subgenera. Zina mwa izo zimadziwika mdziko lapansi ndipo ndizodziwika pakati pa olima:
- Dogwood wamba (wamwamuna). Chomera chaching'ono mpaka ma 5-6 m dogwood ndi mtengo ndi shrub (mpaka 4 m).
- Dogwood ndi yoyera. Shrub mpaka 3 m wamtali.
- Dogwood waku Canada. Katsamba kakang'ono mpaka 20 cm.
Alyosha
Mitundu yoyambirira ndi chikasu cha amber chikasu. Amalawa zonunkhira, thupi lawo ndi lofewa. Imayamba kubala zipatso patatha zaka zitatu mutabzala, m'malo ena kuchokera ku 2. Mtundu umagwirizana ndi matenda ndipo umalekerera chisanu chotalikilapo.
Elena
Zosiyanasiyana zoyambirira ndi zipatso zofiira. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi zipatso zowirira pang'ono, zimatsata kukoma kokoma kowala. Mphamvu zamkati mwa mwana wosabadwa ndizobowola ndipo mafupa amapatukana bwino.
Kizil Elena
Zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, timadziti, timadziti, ndipo ngakhale pastille zimakonzedwa kuchokera pamenepo.
Nikolka
Chimodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri ndi chipatso chowoneka bwino. Guwa ndilopakika, limakoma lokoma ndi acidity pang'ono. Zomera zimalekerera chisanu bwino mpaka 32 digiri.
Kaso
Mtundu wina woyambirira wokhala ndi zipatso zofiira. Mnofu wamafuta owoneka bwino ofiira ali ndi mkoma wokoma ndi wowawasa. Chomera chimalekerera chisanu bwino, ngakhale zipatso sizitaya mawonekedwe awo posachedwa ndi zipatso.
Ikani pambuyo pogula potseguka
Kugula mbande ndikofunikira m'dzinja. Njira yabwino ykubzala nthawi ndi nthawi yophukira, masamba amagwa akayamba.
Kupatsirana kwa Galu
Kusankha tsamba ndikokhazikika kosakhalitsa - mthunzi wosakhalitsa, m'malo a dzuwa kumakhala kosavuta. Kubzala mbewu ndikofunikira 3-5 metres kuchokera pa mpanda komanso kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Asanabzala, dzenje limakonzedwa, ndipo lakuya masentimita 80 ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 0,8-1 m. Humus idayikidwa pansi pa dzenje losakanizika ndi feteleza wa mchere, dothi laling'ono limatsanulidwira pamwamba pake, lotayika ndi madzi, ndipo nkhuni ya mbwa imabzalidwa - chitsamba chokongoletsera. Kuzungulira chomera, nthaka imathiridwa ndikuwumbidwa, kenako ndikuthira.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Monga mbewu zonse, mitengo ya agalu (mtengo kapena shrub) imafalikira m'njira zingapo. Chochulukacho ndichachilengedwe. Mphukira zobiriwira zokha zomwe sizoposa zaka 5 ndizoyenera kubereka. Olemekezeka amakhalanso oyenera, koma samazika mizu kwambiri, chifukwa chake, kuti ateteze nthawi ndi kuyesetsa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nthambi zazing'ono zokha.
Mfuti zimadulidwa m'mawa, chilichonse masentimita 15. Aliyense wa iwo azikhala ndi masamba awiri amitundu. Awiri pansi amachotsedwa, zodulidwa zimayikidwa kwa maola angapo (osachepera 6) mu njira ya heteroauxin.
Zofunika! Nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kubzala ndi kutaya.
Pambuyo pake, zimabzalidwa pang'ono pang'ono mumchenga wokonzedweratu (umatsukidwa kale). Kenako, ikamatera imakutidwa ndi polyethylene, koma payenera kukhala danga pamwamba pa odulidwa.
Kusamalira Galu
Ndiosavuta kusamalira mbewu. M'pofunika udzu kuzungulira shrub kapena mtengo. Ngati ndi kotheka, kumwetsa (nthawi 1-2 pa sabata).
Dogwood (mtengo kapena shrub) uyenera kudyetsedwa kawiri pachaka. Mu kasupe (kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula) ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza omwe amakhala ndi nayitrogeni ambiri, pakugwa - potaziyamu.
4 Kusamalira Galu
Popewa kuwoneka tizirombo ndi matenda pamiyala ya mitengo kapena zitsamba, komanso kupatsa mbewuzo mawonekedwe okongoletsera, ndikofunikira kucheka kamodzi pachaka. Dogwood amayankha bwino mdulidwe nthawi ya kasupe ndi yophukira.
Cotoneaster - shrub yokongoletsera
Cotoneaster ndi chitsamba chobiriwira chomwe chimakongoletsa mundawo chaka chonse, kasupe ndi chilimwe chimakonda maluwa osakhwima ndi owala, nthawi yophukira ndi zipatso zofiira.
Chiyambi ndi mawonekedwe
Cotoneaster amakhala ngati quince, motero adatchedwa Cotoneaster (kutanthauza "quince-ngati"). Banja limakhala ndi mitundu yoposa zana ya machoneaster. Kuthengo, zimapezeka ku Africa konse ndi ku Europe. Anthu ambiri okhala chilimwe, akusokoneza ndi nkhuni, amatenga zitsamba ndipo amayembekeza zipatso zokoma ndi khungu lomwe limayamba kuwala mokonzekera kupsa.
Cotoneaster
Irga imatha kutalika mamita 3-6. Akuwombera, opunduka, amakhala ndi kaso lakuda. Masamba amtundu wowala wobiriwira ndiwowonongekera komanso wowala pang'ono.
Maluwawo ndi ang'ono ndipo amatenga timaluwa tating'ono tating'ono kwambiri tokhala ndi maluwa 15 mpaka 15, nthawi zina 25.
Zodzikongoletsera
Cotoneaster (irga) ndi wa zitsamba zokwawa. Adziwonetsa ngati chomera chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito powononga mizinda ndi nyumba zam'chilimwe. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala miyala m'miyala kapena m'minda imodzi (monga cholembera).
Chofunikira chokongoletsera cha irgi ndi zipatso zofiira, zomwe kwa nthawi yayitali sizigwa mphukira. Ubwino wina ndi masamba, popeza amakhala obiriwira chaka chonse. Chifukwa cha zipatso ndi masamba, cotoneaster imawoneka yokongoletsa chaka chonse.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Cotoneaster ilinso ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu, ina mwa mitundu yake ndi ina, ina imakhala yobiriwira. Iliyonse ya izo ili ndi kukongola kwake kwapadera.
Chipatso cha Cotoneaster
Zofala
Mitundu yokongola yowola, itha kutalika mpaka 2 m kutalika. Masamba ake ndi ovoid, wobiriwira wowala. Maluwa sawoneka bwino, amtundu wapinki, omwe amatengedwa m'm inflorescence. Zipatsozi zimakhala ngati maapulo ofiira omwe amapezeka kumapeto kwa Seputembala.
Kukakamizidwa
Osakhala chomera chotalika kwambiri, chomwe chimamera mpaka 30cm kutalika. Masamba ndi ochepa, nthawi yotentha amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, pofika nthawi yophukira amasintha utoto. Maluwa ndi ocheperako, okhala ndi kamvekedwe ka pinki, amakhala kwa nthawi yonseyi kuwombera. Pambuyo pakucha, zipatso zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, zimakhala ndi kukula kochepa, 5-7 mm okha.
Kubalana kwa Cotoneaster
Pamaso
Woimira banja nthawi zonse, amatha kutalika masentimita 45 mpaka 55. Mfuti, zikamakula, zimayamba kugwa pansi. Pa iwo, 1-1,5 masentimita amtundu wobiriwira amapangidwa, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Pofika nthawi yophukira, amasintha mtundu kukhala utoto wofiirira. Kusangalatsa ndi maluwa ake owala (maluwa ofiira), ndikusinthana ndi mapangidwe ofunda.
Ikani pambuyo pogula potseguka
Cotoneaster ilibe zofunika mwapadera pakukula, kotero ingabzalidwe kulikonse, koma imamverera bwino mumthunzi. Asanabzale, dzenje limakonzedwa ndikuzama kuya kwa 0,7 m ndi mulifupi wa 0.5 m. Nthaka yosakanikirana ndi peat, humus ndi nthaka idayikidwa pansi (1: 1: 1). Chisakanizo chimathiridwa ndi madzi, ndipo chitsamba chimabzalidwa m'dzenje.
Zothandiza Zofunika pa Cotoneaster shrub pobzala ndi kusamalira ndizoyenera: kuthilira nthawi zonse, kuvala pamwamba pamwambo ndi feteleza wovuta, ma anti-okalamba odula tsitsi ndikudulira. Cotoneaster imalekerera mwachidule chilala chochepa, koma ndibwino kuti osazengereza ndi kuthirira, chifukwa chimayamba kugwa masamba chifukwa chosowa zakudya.
Kuswana
Cotoneaster imafalitsa zipatso; Njira zodula zokhala ndi lign ichita nthawi yambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kumatsika kwambiri. Nthawi yabwino yoswana ndi mwezi wa Ogasiti.
Pakubzala zakuthupi pofalitsa, gawo lapansi limakonzedwa kuchokera kumchenga ndi peat. Peat imayikidwa pansi, dothi lalikulu loyambitsidwa limatsanulidwa pamwamba. Kutambalala kumakutidwa ndi filimu. Pofika masika, kudula kumayenera kuzika mizu.
Zitsamba ziwiri zokongola zipangitsa kuti mundawo ukhale wabwino komanso wabwino. Ngakhale kufanana kwamasamba ndi zipatso zamitundu mitundu, kusiyana kosangalatsa kwambiri ndikuthekera kukula: machoneaster adakanikizidwa pansi, dogwood chitsamba chowongoka.
