Pali matenda angapo omwe amawatcha mahatchi okha. Ndipo imodzi mwa matenda aakuluwa ndi trypanosomiasis, kapena vuto la matenda. Ndichilengedwe chosatha ndipo amatha kuwononga gulu lonse la nyama panthawi yochepa. Nkhaniyi idzawunika zambiri zokhudza zizindikiro za matendawa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso njira zamankhwala.
Kodi matendawa ndi otani?
Matendawa, omwe amadziwikanso kuti trypanosomiasis, kapena durina, ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timene timakhudzidwa ndi ziwalo za m'mimba, ziwalo zam'mimba, zotengera komanso magazi. Kuwonjezera apo, matendawa angakhudze dongosolo lamanjenje la nyama.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba anakumana ndi matendawa ku Greece. Mwachindunji nthendayi inafotokozedwa ndi asayansi kumapeto kwa zaka za XVIII. M'gawo la Soviet Union, durin inayamba mu 1863, koma patadutsa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zokha kuti zitha kuthetsa kachilombo ka HIV ndikuziphunzira. Pakalipano, milandu ya matendawa ndi yosavuta kwambiri ndipo imachitika kokha m'madera omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha chitukuko chazilombo.
Mavitamini, magwero ndi njira za matenda
Mmodzi wodwala matendawa ndi protozoan - trypanosome (Trypanosoma eguiperdum), yomwe imakhala ndi buravoobraznogo yokhala ndi mapiritsi okwana 22-28h1,4-2,6 microns. Chipolopolocho, chomwe chimakhala kunja kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chimapangidwa ngati khoma lolimba - chithunzithunzi, chomwe chimatetezera ku zotsatira zovulaza za zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pulogalamuyi ili ndi zigawo zitatu, chifukwa chosavuta kumacheza ndi dziko lakunja. The trypanosome imayenda mwa flagella, ziwalo zapadera zomwe zimakhala ndi ma molecule otchedwa fibrils.
Wothandizira mankhwala a trypanosomiasis akunena za tizilombo ta nyukiliya, momwe phokosoli lili pakatikati pa selo lozunguliridwa ndi nembanemba yomwe ili ndi zigawo ziwiri. Pakati pa moyo wawo, trypanosomes amachita zogawidwa zosavuta, chifukwa amachulukitsa.
Zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu kuti mudziwe zonse za kapangidwe ndi matenda a miyendo ya mahatchi.
Omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asokonezeke, amayenera kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe sangathe kugwira ntchito kunja kwa thupi lawo komanso nthawi yayitali. Monga lamulo, zinyama zili ndi kachilombo pa kugonana kapena panthawi yopanga mazira ndi umuna.
Komanso, matenda opatsirana a trypanosomes kwa abambo kudzera m'mimba ya amayi sizimatulutsidwa, kawirikawiri kupyolera mu zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito, m'nyumba ndi zipangizo zachipatala, mwachitsanzo, kalirole wa vagulum, kathete wamakina, ndi zina zotero.
Ndikofunikira! Matendawa angakhudze nyama nthawi iliyonse ya chaka.Mkhalidwe wa chilengedwe, zokhazokha, makamaka akavalo, abulu, ndi nyulu. Komanso, pamapeto awiriwa, matendawa amachitika kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi mu mawonekedwe osalimba kapena aakulu, pamene mahatchi ali ndi mawonekedwe aakulu kapena ovuta.
Nthawi yosakaniza ndi zizindikiro
Nthawi ya kusakaniza matendawa ndi miyezi itatu kapena itatu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zizindikiro za kuchipatala zimachitika motsatizana, zomwe zingagawidwe mu nthawi zitatu izi:
- Zilonda za m'mimba. Poyamba, atatha kutenga kachilomboka, ziwalo zenizeni za nyama zimangosintha. Zimakhala zotupa, pali redness ya mucous membrane ndi outflow ya mucus kwa iwo. Pambuyo pake, mitsempha yaing'ono ndi zilonda zimapangidwira pamaliseche, zomwe zimapita msanga. Pa nthawi ino, mukhoza kuona kusaka kwachinyengo kwa mazira, maulendo ambirimbiri omwe amapezeka m'magulu. Nthawi yoyamba imakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndipo imakhala ndi chikhalidwe chokwanira cha thupi la akavalo.
- Zilonda za khungu. Pachigawo chotsatira cha chitukukochi, mavuto a khungu amawonjezeredwa ku zizindikiro zonse zomwe zatchulidwa kale: kuthamanga kumawonekera pa thupi, m'mimba mwa m'mimba, kutupa ngati mawonekedwe kumawonekera, ndipo kutengeka kwa khungu kukuwonjezeka. Panthawi imeneyi, chiwerengero cha nyama, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi, kumakhala kochepa kwambiri.
- Kufa kwa thupi ndi paresis wa mitsempha yamagetsi. Iwo amawonetseredwa mwa mawonekedwe a kupotoka kwa milomo, kumva makutu, kupunduka kwa mbolo. Mukhozanso kuyang'ana chitukuko cha conjunctivitis, kugonjetsedwa kwa m'munsi kumbuyo, kumene nyama zimayamba kusewera pamene zikuyenda. Kuwonjezera ziwalo za miyendo ziwonekera ndipo imfa imapezeka. Kuthamanga kwathunthu kwa matendawa kumatha kuposa chaka chimodzi.
Ndikofunikira! Njira yaikulu ya matendawa imapezeka kawirikawiri pamahatchi a mitundu yambiri. Monga lamulo, 30-50% ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo amafa.
Zosokoneza
Popeza matendawa ndi aakulu, n'zotheka kuzindikira zizindikiro zake nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. N'zotheka kupeza matenda pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero osiyanasiyana, komanso mayesero a ma laboratory.
Njira zazikulu zodziwira durina ndi:
- kusanthula kwakukulu;
- mayesero;
- matenda a sayansi (RSK).
Zizindikiro zakunja, monga kupweteka kwakukulu kwa nyama, edema, kutuluka mwadzidzidzi kwa milomo kapena mphuno, kugwedeza kwa maso kapena makutu, kufooka kwa kumbuyo, kungasonyeze kuchitika kwa nthendayi. Pamaso pa zizindikiro zoterozo ayenera nthawi yomweyo kupeza thandizo lachipatala.
Mukudziwa? Trypanosomes ali ndi mphamvu yapadera yoteteza chitetezo cha mthupi. Ng'ombe ikalowa m'thupi la nyama, chitetezo chake cha mthupi chimayambukira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma panthawiyi, imakhala ndi majini omwe amachititsa kuti glycoprotein iwonongeke. Chifukwa cha izi, kapangidwe ka glycoproteins kamalowetsedwa ndi ena kuti chitetezo cha mthupi sichitha kuzindikira. Izi zimapereka trypanosome nthawi yambiri yobereka.
Kusintha kwa pathological
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kusintha kwa matendawa sikuli kotheka, ndipo sikutheka kuti tipeze matenda molondola malinga ndi zotsatira za autopsy ya nyama. Komabe, mitembo imasonyeza kuwonongeka kwa thupi, kusintha kwa thupi kumatenda m'mimba, chiwindi, ziwalo zowonjezera za inguinal, kutupa kwa ziwalo zoberekera, khungu ndi zilonda zamkati ndi mitsempha, kutaya kwa minofu ya kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo.
Koma kachitidwe ka mitsempha pa chitukuko cha matendawa, mwachizoloŵezi, chawerengedwa mochepa kwambiri.
Phunzirani zonse zokhudza kupatsirana kwa magazi m'mahatchi.
Chithandizo
Tsoka ilo, mankhwala a trypanosomiasis sagwira ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri samachitika. Mankhwala amatha kuchitika panthawi yoyamba ya chitukuko, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosayembekezereka, ndizosatheka kuzizindikiritsa pachiyambi. Anthu omwe ali m'gulu la odwala kapena akuganiza kuti ali ndi matendawa akuchiritsidwa.
Choyamba, yesani kuchuluka kwa chiweto kuti mudziwe kulemera kwa thupi. Ziri pazigawozi zidzadalira mlingo wa mankhwala oyenera kuchiza. Mahatchi amajambulidwa mwachangu "Naganin", pa 10% dilution mu sodium chloride yankho. Mlingo - 0.01-0.015 mg pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi. Pambuyo masiku 30-40, jekeseni imabwerezedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupewa zovuta panthawi yachipatala, kupweteka kwa milomo, kupwetekedwa m'mabokosi, tsiku loyamba lisanayambe ndi masiku asanu ndi awiri pambuyo pake, chinyama chimathamangitsidwa kambirimbiri patsiku.Ndikofunika kwambiri pakamwa kuti musachepetse mlingo wa mankhwala, chifukwa mlingo wosakwanira sudzakhala ndi zotsatira zokha, koma umapangitsanso "Naganin" mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati mukubwezeretsanso, mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito "Naganin" ndi "Novarsenol" pamtunda wa 0.005 mg pa kilogalamu imodzi ya thupi.
Nyama zomwe zinachitidwa ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi veterinarian kwa chaka chimodzi. Mahatchiwa amaonedwa kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino pokhapokha atayesedwa kawiri kawiri ndi njira zodziwika kwa miyezi 10-12 pambuyo pa mankhwala.
Kupewa
Pakadali pano, mankhwala othandiza polimbana ndi matendawa sanapangidwe, motero, kupewa matendawa ndi njira yodalirika, yomwe ikuphatikizapo izi:
- Kuwongolera zochitika zakale za mazilombo ndi ma stallion asanayambe kukwatira. Kuyendera kumeneku kumachokera ku kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendedwe kabwino ka magazi. Pankhani iyi, mahatchiwa akufufuza kafukufuku wofanana katatu pa chaka;
- kudziwa nthawi zonse anthu odwala ndi mankhwala awo;
- katemera - mavitamini amatemera ndi "Naganin" panthawi yoperekera, mares omwe amasonkhanitsa umuna amapatsidwa mankhwala kuti azitenga mwezi uliwonse;
- kuponyedwa kwa ma stallions osayenera kwa insemination;
- kusunga ma stallions okalamba kuposa chaka chimodzi, komanso anthu otayika osiyana ndi mares;
- kusungidwa kwaokha kwa masiku 30 a zinyama zonse zatsopano, ndi matenda omwe amapezeka nthawi yomweyo;
- Kuphedwa kwa anthu onse mu kuyesa kukayikira trypanosomosis pa kavalo mmodzi kuchokera pagulu.
Matenda osasangalatsa pamahatchi, chifukwa chosowa kwambiri m'dziko lathu, angathe kukula mofulumira ku minda yosauka. Zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa minda yoswana ndipo zingathe kupha anthu onse. Chofunika kwambiri pakutha kwa matendawa ndi kuzindikira kwa nthawi yoyenera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kukhazikitsa njira zothandizira komanso zothandiza.
