Kodi kukumba gladioli - kukolola tubers m'dzinja

Gladiolus ndiwowonetseratu m'munda uliwonse, chifukwa cha maluwa owala komanso akuluakulu a mawonekedwe achilendo. Kumbali inayo, gladioli ndi maluwa osavuta okulira, chifukwa amasinthana ndi nthaka zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, kuti musangalale ndi maluwa otentha, muyenera kudziwa ngati muyenera kukumba mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gladioli nthawi yachisanu, nthawi ndi momwe mungachitire.

Gladiolus ndi mbewu yamuyaya ya banja la Iridaceae (Iris). Ndi mtundu wamba womwe umakula ku Asia, Europe ndi Africa.

Makhalidwe

Mitundu ya gladioli imasiyana wina ndi mnzake mawonekedwe ake, kukula kwake, mtundu wake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Ichi ndi chomera chochulukitsa chomwe sichinabzalidwe kuchokera ku mbewu, kupatula kupanga mitundu yatsopano. Dzinali limachokera ku liwu Lachilatini "gladius", lotanthauza lupanga.

Gladioli m'munda

Mababu a gladioli mu terminology ya botanical amatchedwa "corm", kapena corm. Corm - chidutswa chofupikitsidwa komanso chokhuthala cha tsinde, kuzunguliridwa ndi zigawo zingapo za brownish fibrous membrane. Kamwana kakang'ono kamapangidwa chaka chilichonse, kamakola michere yakale, kenako nkufa.

Zomera zake zimakhala zowongoka, mpaka 1 m kutalika, kuzunguliridwa ndi masamba, zazitali, zachikopa, zokhala ndi malekezero pang'ono, obiriwira owoneka bwino.

Inflorescences cha gladiolus

Khutu lonunkhira la gladiolus inflorescence limakhala lalikulu, m'mitundu yambiri - maluwa osagwirizana, omwe amakhala amitundu iwiri. Duwa lililonse limakhala ndi mabulangete awiri obiriwira achikopa. Masamba ndi ma petals amaphatikizidwa mu mawonekedwe a tubular. Ma stamens amamangiriridwa pamunsi pa perianth funnel-mawonekedwe. Mitundu ya maluwa ndi yosiyanasiyana: kuyambira yoyera, yachikaso, yapinki yofiirira komanso yofiirira, nthawi zina yamitundu yambiri, monga mitundu ya hybrid.

Kukula gladioli

Kusamalira gladioli ndikosavuta. Mukamapangira mbewu zabwino, zimapatsa maluwa wamaluwa mowolowa manja.

Zoyenera kudziwa:

1. Malo okula. Gladioli amakonda malo omwe ali pansi pa dzuwa lathunthu ndipo amatetezedwa ndi mphepo;
2. Dothi. Amakonda dothi lonyowa, lotayirira, lokakamizidwa bwino, lolemera mu dothi lazinthu zachilengedwe;
3. Kuthirira. Imachitika nthawi yonse ya maluwa komanso nthawi yonse ya chilimwe (pafupifupi kawiri pa sabata). Komabe, chinyezi chimayenera kupewedwa paz maluwa omwe sanaphuke. Njira yoyenera yothiririra ndiyopezeka m'mitengo pafupi ndi chomeracho mpaka mainchesi 5;
4. Mavalidwe apamwamba. Tifunikira kuvala zovala zapafupipafupi ndi feteleza zovuta za maluwa, ophatikizidwa ndi madzi othirira. Ndikofunika kudyetsa musanayambe maluwa.

Chinthu chinanso posamalira gladioli ndikuchotsa udzu nthawi, chifukwa amatola zakudya zomwe zimafunikira maluwa.

Phwando la gladioli

Ngati gladioli yadulidwa kuti ikhale ma bouquets, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muchite izi mukamera maluwa 2-3. Kudula nthawi kumacha kapena m'mawa. Chodulacho chimachitika bwino kwambiri diagonal, ndikusiya masamba 4-6 pa tsinde lomwe limatsalira pansi. Masamba ndikofunikira kuti apangidwe ndi ma corm.

Nthawi yabwino yosankha mababu

Zoyenera kuchita kenako ndi mbewu gladiolus itatha? Tsoka ilo, mitundu yambiri imakhala yosakhazikika chisanu, imayenera kukumbidwa. Nyengo yaulimi imatsimikizika mukakumba gladiolus. Kwakukulu, munthu akuyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthawi yanthawi yazomera.

Nthawi yoyenera yokumba pamalo otentha ndi pakati pa Seputembara, ngakhale masamba akadakhala obiriwira. Mwakutero, ziyenera kutenga pafupifupi milungu 6 maluwa atatuluka, kutentha kozungulira kumatsika mpaka 10 ° C.

Kutalika kwa anyezi m'nthaka kungayambitse matenda awo osiyanasiyana komanso kuwononga tizirombo.

Nyengo yoyeretsa

Iyenera kukumba patsiku lowuma bwino, kuti nthaka ikhale youma. Kenako mababu amatsukidwa mosavuta, ndipo mwayi wawo wowonongeka umachepetsedwa.

Kukumba njira sitepe ndi sitepe

Kukumba ndiye njira yayikulu yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa ndi gladioli mutatha maluwa. Nthawi ikafika, muyenera kutenga fosholo kapena pitchfork ndikuchita motsatana:

1. Tsamba la chida chogwira ntchito liyenera kumizidwa pansi mwamphamvu, kuyesera kuti lisapunthwe, kuti musadule mababu;
2. Kumbani chomera ndikuchichotsa pang'onopang'ono padothi ndikukoka tsinde. Gwedezani dothi lokwanira. Ngati dziko lapansi linakhala, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsuka ndi madzi ofunda;
3. Konzani filimu yamafuta kapena polyethylene kuti ayikemo. Chifukwa chake mutha kupeza mababu onse, kuphatikiza ana;

Adasakasa Gladioli

4. Chotsani pansi chakale cha chimonacho. Ngati yakucha, ndiye kuti ndizosavuta kuchita. Kupanda kutero, zilekeni kuti z kucha ndi kupukuta;
5. Dulani mizu;
6. Muzimutsuka ndikuthira mababu ndi njira yothetsera ya potaziyamu permanganate (2-5 g pa 10 l yamadzi). Sungani yankho kwa theka la ola.
7. Kenako, ndi secateurs lakuthwa, tsinde limadulidwa. Simusiya zosaposa 1-2 masentimita kuti kupindika, komwe kungakhalepo pa tsinde la chikasu, musapite pansi pamiyeso ya mababu, komwe angapulumuke nthawi yozizira bwino.

Zomwe gladioli sizikumba mu kugwa

Nthawi zina pogulitsa mumatha kupeza gladioli, kukumba komwe malinga ndi mphekesera zomwe zimafalitsidwa pakati pa olima, sizofunikira. Ngati mumagula gladioli, momwe mungasungire komanso nthawi yoyambira, sizikhala vuto. Komabe, izi sizowona nthawi zonse.

Mitundu yaying'ono yokhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati yozizira-Hardy. Awa ndi malingaliro olakwika. Mitundu yonse yosakanizidwa ya gladioli silivomereza nyengo ya Russia padziko lapansi.

Mitundu yokhayo ya gladioli imatha kukhala yogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Palibe amene angagulitsidwe.

Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu yozizira:

1. Tilayi (Gladíolus im-bricatus). Mu nyengo yotentha ya Russia imatha kubzala popanda kukumba;
2. Kufesa (Gladíolus segetum);
3. Zofala (Gladíolus communis);
4. Byzantine (Gladíolus byzantinus).

Gladíolus im-bricatus

Ponena za atatu omaliza, ngakhale ali amtundu wolimba, m'malo a Russia palibe chitsimikizo cha nyengo yawo yachisanu yopanda kukumba popanda kukumba.

Kukonzekera kosungirako

Mukatha kukolola gladioli mu kugwa ndikusintha ma tubers, kusungidwa koyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kumera kwawo kwamtundu wabwino. Ntchito zokonzekera zimachitika pasadakhale.

Kuyanika ndikusintha ma tubers

Kuyanika kumachitika m'magawo awiri:

1. Tubers amaikidwa kwa masiku 7-12 m'malo otentha bwino pa kutentha kwa 23-28 ° C. Tsiku lililonse 2 kawiri amatembenukira kuti ayimitsire yunifolomu. Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe thanzi la mbewu komanso kuphuka kwa bulb zimadalira. Zitsanzo zodwala komanso zowonongeka zimatayidwa, zomwe zimawotchedwa nthawi yomweyo;
2. Pa gawo lotsatira, kutentha kosungirako kumatsikira ku 18-20 ° C, kotero ma tubers ali ndi zaka mwezi umodzi.

Mababu osiyanasiyana a gladioli

Pomaliza, nyongolotsi zapendedwa, koma maulendowo akunja, omwe ali olimba samachotsedwa, makamaka kwa ana.

Kenako ma corms amasankhidwa. Ana amawaika m'matumba. Anyezi wokulirapo amayikidwa mumakatoni a makatoni, makamaka osakhudzana. Mutha kusinthanso ndikuyika zikuluzikulu zazikulu komanso zazing'ono mumabokosi osiyana. Ngati gawo lachiwiri liyikidwa, ndiye mutayika nkhani. Kutsanulira ndi phulusa ndikuyika m'bokosi la adyo a adyo woboola kumaloledwa.

Njira zosungira mababu kunyumba

Ziphuphu zikakonzedwa, ndiye muyenera kusankha momwe musungire gladioli m'nyengo yozizira. Pali njira zingapo zosungira anyezi musanabzala mu masika.

Malo oyenera osungirako gladioli:

• kutentha - 3-6 ° C;
• chinyezi cha mpweya - mkati mwa 65-80%;
• kusowa kwa kuwala.

Chinyezi chikakhala chochepa, ma corms amatha kupuma kwambiri pofika masika. Pankhaniyi, iwo ankawaviika asanafike.

Bulb imasungidwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Kupereka magawo abwino, ma tubers amasungidwa modekha mpaka kubzala kwa masika ndipo mwina akhoza kunama kwa chaka china. Koma mbewu zathanzi kwambiri zimamera kuchokera kwa iwo mutangosungidwa kwa nthawi imodzi chete nthawi yachisanu.

M'nthaka

Njirayi siyabwino madera ozizira, ndizovomerezeka kum'mwera.

Musanayike miyala ya gladioli mu nthaka, muyenera kusankha malo omwe sayenera kusefukira madzi, ndi pomwe nthaka ili ndi makina otayirira.

Munthaka, kukumba dzenje la 0,7x0.8 m, ma akasinja okhala ndi mababu okonzedwa, owazidwa ndi matope a mchenga kapena mchenga womwe suyenera kunyowa adaikidwapo. Dzazani mitsuko ndi masamba kapena udzu wofunda, kuphimba ndi filimu ya polyethylene ndikudzaza ndi dothi.

Mumatumba kapena m'matangadza

Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi chipinda chamdima chozizira, ndibwino kusungira mababu m'masitolo opangidwa. Chifukwa chake adzapatsidwa mwayi wofikira. Masheya odzaza ndi ma tubers amamangidwa ndikutchinga kukhoma.

Corms mu masheya

Pamakhonde

Khola lotsekedwa kapena khonde ndi malo abwino osungiramo timachubu. Pakadali pano, nyengo yotentha, kutentha ndikofunikira. Pachifukwa ichi, muli ndi gladioli wokutira mabulangete.

M'chipinda chapansi kapena cellar

M'chipinda chapansi kapena pansi pa nyumba, pamakhala magawo omwe amasunga ma corm, koma ndikofunikira kusunga malamulo angapo:

• osayika mababu pafupi ndi masamba ndi zipatso, chifukwa chinyezi chake chimatha kuchuluka;
• zokoka zimayikidwa m'mashelufu kapena ma grilles kuti zitsimikizire kuti mpweya wokwanira ulipo;
• basement kapena cellar sayenera kukhala yonyowa kwambiri, ndi bwino ngati mpweya wabwino utayikidwa pamenepo.

Mababu a Gladiolus posungira

Mu firiji

Njira iyi, momwe mungasungire gladiolus kunyumba nthawi yozizira, ndi yoyenera popanda malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenera. Ngati pali mababu ochepa, iliyonse imakulungidwa mu pepala ndikuikamo thumba la nsalu. Malo abwino osungira ndi kutali ndi mufiriji.

Kusungidwa kwa mababu mufiriji

Chithandizo cha tubers ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Mu gladioli, matenda amatha, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawukiridwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Bacteria ndi bowa zimapezeka m'nthaka, ndipo, mwachitsanzo, kupindika kumakhala muzomera m'chilimwe, kusuntha mababu nthawi yozizira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ndikofunikira kusanthula tubers musanasunge.

Autumn decontamination of gladioli bulbs

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakhala ndi tizilomboto timalowetsa kumeza mababu mu njira yolimba ya potaziyamu permanganate, yomwe ingathe m'malo mwa chithandizo ndi fungicide.

Kukula gladioli mu potaziyamu permanganate

Kuti muchite prophylaxis motsutsana ndi tizilombo zovulaza, pambuyo pa potaziyamu permanganate kapena fungosis, mababu amatha kumizidwa mu njira ya malathion kapena tizilombo tina.

Zowonongeka za tizilombo pakasungidwa

Matenda akuluakulu omwe amakhalapo nthawi yosungidwa kwa gladioli amakhudzana ndi kuwola kwa ma corms. Pafupifupi ma bacteria onse amalimbana ndi kutentha pang'ono, koma amamva bwino kwambiri chinyezi.

Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwakanthawi kumafunikira, pomwe maimidwe owola ndi owonongeka amachotsedwa. Ngati sangakanidwe mu nthawi, ma corms oyandikana nawo amatenga kachilombo mofulumira. Kukhalapo kwa ma clove a adyo a peeled mu chidebe chokhala ndi gladioli kumathandizanso kulimbana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono chifukwa cha katundu wa bacteria. Afunika kusinthidwa kamodzi pakadutsa masabata awiri ndi atatu atsopano.

Kufufuza koyenera komanso kusunga kwa malamulo osungira kosavuta kumalola kuti kasupe ubzalire mababu athanzi komanso olimba. Magnificent gladioli amakula kuchokera mwa iwo, omwe ndi maluwa ake owala azikongoletsa mundawo, kudulidwa, kumawonjezera chithumwa chamkati mwachipinda.