Gawo lapansi la orchid - ndibwino kukula

Maluwa okongola ndi mbewu zopangidwa moody. Monga ma epiphytes aliwonse, amasamala kwambiri kapangidwe ka nthaka. Ndikofunikira kusankha gawo loyera kuti zotulutsazi zisangalale ndi maluwa ake.

Zofunikira ziti za gawo lapansi

Ndi dothi lotani lomwe limafunikira orchid, limatsimikiziridwa kutengera mtundu wamaluwa ndi momwe akukonzedwera, makamaka, pa chinyezi. Mukamakumba mlengalenga, mpweya wothana ndi chinyezi uyenera kukhala wowonjezereka.

Gwiritsani ntchito ma orchid

Dothi la orchid liyenera kukwaniritsa izi:

• Zotsatira. Sipangakhale zomera ndi zinyalala za m'nthaka. Ma microflora osapindulitsa kwenikweni mu gawo lapansi, ndibwino kwa ma orchid. Mu nyama zamtchire, zimamera pamtengo mitengo, pomwe microworld sichimapangidwa ngati dothi.
• Kapangidwe kosasinthika. Nthaka sikuyenera kuvunda ndi kuwola, ikhoza kukhala yakufa kwa duwa.
• Ofooka acid kapangidwe. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa pH ndi 5.5-6.0. Mwa mitundu ina, imatha kufikira 6.5 pH, koma osatinso. Acidity ya nthaka imatsimikiza pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a litmus. Kuti muchite izi, ikani gawo laling'ono m'chiwiya choyera ndikudzaza ndi madzi osungunuka. Chiyeso cha litmus chimatsitsidwa pamenepo masekondi 30. Kutengera acidity, imasintha mtundu. Pali malo apadera acidity metres, amagulitsidwa m'minda yogulitsa m'minda.
• Kutha kusunga chinyezi pomwe mpweya wuma.
• Kuwala ndi friability, kuthekera kopereka mwayi wosavuta wa mpweya kuzika za epiphyte.

Dothi Acidity Meter

Kodi malo wamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito

Funso ili silingayankhidwe mosasamala. Pali ma orchid ambiri, ndipo pakati pawo palibe ma epiphytes okha omwe amakula pamitengo, koma lithophytes okhala pamiyala yopanda miyala. Ma lithophytes amaphatikizapo zina mwa mitundu ya Paphiopedilums ("Venus slipper"), omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi phalaenopsis ndi dendrobium yobiriwira. Onsewa amatha kukula ngati epiphytes.

Pali mitundu yapadziko lapansi ya orchid. Awa ndi makalendala, ma blethillas, cymbidiums, ena mwa Paphiopedilums ndi pleione. Muthanso kubzala Macode, Hemaria, Gudayer, Anectochilus mumphika wapansi.

Cymbidium

Sphagnum moss ngati gawo lapansi la orchid

Ogulitsa maluwa amakonda kutsutsana za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthuzi ngati koyambirira kwa ma orchid. Ili ndi zabwino zake ndi zopweteka zake.

Ubwino wa sphagnum (peat) moss:

• Kupezeka kwa sphagnol - phenolic pawiri ndi bactericidal katundu. Gawo loterolo limakhala losabala, zomwe ndizofunikira pakukula kwa maluwa.
• Kutha kudziunjikira ndikusunga chinyezi. Madzi mu sphagnum amagawanizidwa mofananamo.
• Zolakwika zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso mawonekedwe owuma, malo ake sasintha.
• Dothi la Sphagnum ndilabwino, lopepuka komanso lotayirira, lomwe ndilabwino kwambiri kwa epiphytes.
• Madzi akatuluka, mchere wa magnesium ndi calcium umayikidwa pansi, zomwe zimalepheretsa maluwa kukula bwino. Kuphatikiza ndi sphagnum kumalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa gawo lapansi.

Mbali zoyipa za zinthuzo zimangowoneka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika.

Zoyipa za sphagnum ngati dothi la ma orchid:

• Tizilombo touluka timatha kukhala mbande zouma kapena zonyowa.
• Zinthu zimawola msanga. Iyenera kusinthidwa osachepera 2 pachaka.
• Pakapita nthawi, ma moss amatha kukakamizidwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, zimalepheretsa kupezeka kwa mpweya mu mizu ya chomera.
• Dry sphagnum amatha kuyamwa madzi maulendo 20 kuchuluka kwake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwerengetsa madzi othirira.

Moss sphagnum

Khungwa la paini

Oyandikana kwambiri ndi gawo lapansi lachilengedwe. Khungubwe limatulutsa chinyontho, mizu ya epiphyte imalowetsa. Maluwa a maluwa amaphatikizika bwino ndi dothi kuchokera pakhungwa la paini ndipo amasunthika mosavuta.

Khungwa la oak ndilabwinonso, koma ili kale ndi kalasi ya premium, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kupatukana ndi thunthu kuposa paini, ndipo ili ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Khungwa la paini

Gawo lodziyimira lokha zipatso za ma pine makungwa ndi malo oyenera osakanikirana ndi sitolo okonzeka.

Lowland peat ndi malasha

Mwanjira yake yoyera, peat monga gawo lapansi la orchid silikulimbikitsidwa ngakhale pamitundu yapadziko lapansi.

Lowland peat

Momwe mizu ya maluwa imakhalira pakadali pano. Peland ya Lowland ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera mu chisakanizo, kuphatikiza ndi makungwa, makala ndi zina.

Mizu ya Fern

Mizu ya osmund yachifumu inkakonda kubzala zipatso zamtchire nthawi zambiri kuposa makungwa a paini, koma sanali oyenera kwa iwo. Tsopano fern iyi imaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yotetezedwa, ndipo ndizoletsedwa mwamphamvu kuzilola pa gawo lapansi. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yazomera imakhala ndi mikhalidwe yomweyo:

• osadandaula;
• kusunga chinyezi bwino;
• kufalitsa kwa mpweya ndi kuwala;
• muli zinthu zambiri zofunikira za ma orchid.

Dothi silingafanane ndi mizu ya fern, ndiowonjezera chimodzimodzi monga peat.

Mizu ya Fern

Ndi gawo lalikulu la chinthuchi, gawo lapansi limakhala lonyowa kwambiri, lomwe limapangitsa kuti mizu yake iwonongeke.

Dothi

M'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa mumatha kupeza dothi lotchedwa orchid ("Flora Orchid", "Plan Terra"). Akatswiri samamukonda kwenikweni ndipo sawalimbikitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito mitundu ya padziko lapansi yomwe imakonda kwambiri gawo lapansi. Kwa phalaenopsis, amene mizu yake imagwira nawo limodzi photosynthesis, dothi loboola bwino loteroli silabwino konse.

Magawo ndi ma primers otchuka kwambiri

Ceramis ya orchids ndiung'onoting'ono wa dongo wokhala ndi zowonjezera zachilengedwe (phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni). Ine.e. ndi malo a orchid, ndi feteleza nthawi yomweyo. Kuphatikizika kwa gawo lapansi, kuphatikiza zidutswa zamadongo, zimaphatikizaponso khungwa la paini kapena larch.

Choyambiranso ichi. Ngakhale chomera chitafa, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikungotsuka ndi kuphika mu uvuni.

Amakondedwa ndi phalaenopsis. Ana awo amazika msanganizo mwachangu kwambiri.

Nthaka imasunga chinyezi chofunikira mosavuta, koma mizu yake siliwonongeka. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito osakaniza sikutanthauza kupatsirana kwa ma orchid.

Katundu woyipa sanawululidwebe ku Ceramis.

Ceramis

Orchid ya orchid imapangidwa kuchokera ku makungwa a radiant ophatikizidwa makamaka kuchokera ku New Zealand. Dothi silifunikira chithandizo chapadera, limadutsa mpweya ndi chinyezi bwino, lilibe poizoni komanso tizilombo tosaopsa. Mosiyana ndi ceramis, sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza.

Orchiata

Bio zotsatira zamaluwa. Lili ndi:

• khungwa la paini la Angarsk;
• kufufuza zinthu: chitsulo, magnesium ndi nthaka;
• peat wamkulu;
• makala;
• CHIKWANGWANI cha coconut.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito dothi, chomera chimakhala chosavuta kudzaza, chifukwa chimasunga chinyezi kwambiri, zomwe zimathandizira kuti mizu yake ibvomerezenso.

Bio zotsatira

Kuchepetsa gawo

Ngati pazifukwa zina sizingatheke kugula gawo lapansi lopanga ma orchid, mutha kukonzekera gawo lanu. Zinthu zophatikizika ndi manja, monga khungwa la paini, ziyenera kukonzedwa mosamala.

Makungwa osankhidwa bwino amafunika kutsukidwa ndi zovomerezeka ndikutumizidwa kumalo ozizira kuti azikalamba kuti athetse tizilombo.

Kenako yambitsirani kutentha:

1. Khungwa lalikulu limaphwanyidwa tating'onoting'ono tambiri ndikuyika pansi zosafunikira (chitsulo chakale kapena chitsulo cha aluminium, komanso ndowa).
2. Kuchokera kumwamba, khungwa limakanikizidwa ndi cobblestone kapena kuponderezana kwina kuti nthaka yamtsogolo isayandikire.
3. Tangiyo imadzaza ndi madzi, osafikira pafupifupi 5 cm. Valani moto, bweretsani chithupsa, muchepetse kutentha ndikuphika kwa ola limodzi.
4. Kenako madziwo amathiridwa, ndipo khungwa limayeretsedwa bwino mu uvuni pa 100 ° C.

Kukonzekera kwa dIY

Olima ena amakonda kukonzera minda ya maluwa okongoletsa kunyumba. Chifukwa chake ali otsimikiza za zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe azigwirira ntchito moyenera.

Chifukwa chake, zoyambirira za ma orchid: kudzipangira nokha. Mulinso:

• moss sphagnum;
• lowat peat;
• mizu ya fern;
• maini pine ndi khungwa;
• Mafuta (Ndikwabwino kuphatikiza yotsalira moto utatha; makala makala ogulikidwanso amathanso kuwonongeka. Ngati moto wayatsidwa ndi madzi apadera, malasha sangachotsedwe pamenepo);
• vermiculitis;
• dongo lakukulitsidwa;
• perlite;
• dolomite ufa;
• CHIKWANGWANI cha coconut.

Ena amawonjezeranso polystyrene pano, koma pali lingaliro kuti pansi pazinthu zina ma styne amamasulidwa kuchokera ku icho, chomwe chimavulaza ma orchid.

Zosakaniza kuchokera pamndandanda pamwamba siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zonse nthawi imodzi. Mutha kupanga nyimbo zina:

• makala a makala ndi paini (1: 5);
• bark + sphagnum + malasha (5: 2: 1);
• khungwa + peat + dongo lakukula + malasha + dolomite ufa (3 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1).

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono pokonzekera gawo lapansi:

1. Kuphika ndikukonza zosakaniza zonse.
2. Wiritsani khungwa.
3. Sphagnum kutulutsa, kutaya zonse zosafunikira.
4. Sakanizani zosakaniza ndi zolondola.
5. Onani acidity.
6. Kudzaza dothi mumphika.
7. Bzalani maluwa.

Ngakhale mukusangalatsa kwambiri kwa ma orchid, mutha kupanga dothi kunyumba, lomwe silikhala loipa kuposa momwe linagulidwira. Ngati mutsatira malamulowa, wokhala mmalo otentha adzakusangalatsani ndi thanzi komanso maluwa opepuka.