Chifukwa chomwe masamba a violet amatembenukira chikasu: zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira zake

Violet kapena Saintpaulia ndi imodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'nyumba. Itha kupezeka pafupifupi pazenera lililonse. Chinsinsi cha duwa lopambana ndikulephera kwake, nthawi yayitali maluwa, ndi maluwa owala, owala. Popeza mtengowu ndi wotchuka kwambiri, obereketsa amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse popanga mitundu yatsopano. Mpaka pano, pali mitundu yopitilira 8,500 ya senpolia. Odziwa maluwa amakonda maluwa okongola pafupifupi chaka chonse. Koma zimachitika kawirikawiri kuti mavuto amatuluka timapepala - amatembenukira chikasu kapena mawanga. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake masamba a violet amatembenukira chikasu. Pokhapokha pozindikira chomwe chikuyambitsa, mutha kuthetsa vutoli.

Zofunikira pa chisamaliro cha Violet

Kwa wamaluwa osadziwa zambiri, zitha kuwoneka kuti masamba a violet atasanduka chikasu, ayenera kuchitidwa mwachangu. Pa izi, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi fungicides. Koma sikuti nthawi zonse chikasu cha masamba chimayenderana ndi matendawa, vuto limakhala chisamaliro chosayenera.

Chiwonetsero cha Violet

Malamulo posamalira senpolia:

• Zomera ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa mwachangu, apo ayi masamba adzayamba kuyanika kaye, kenako nkugwa kwathunthu, kutentha kadzuwa. Kwa violet, mthunzi kapena mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta.
• Kusankha dothi koyenera ndikofunikanso kwambiri ku duwa. Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kuwunika ngati mbewuyo ikumva bwino m'malo atsopano. Nthawi zambiri, nthaka yapadera ya ma violets imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imagulitsidwa m'misika yonse yamaluwa.
• Wing kuthirira. Ichi ndichinthu chomwe amalimi ambiri sakudziwa, koma ndi mtundu wotsika wamadzi wotumizira womwe ungapatse mphamvu zakunyowa. Ndikathirira pamtunda, ndizotheka kuti chomera chiwonongeke.
• Wogwiritsa feteleza nthawi zonse pakukulira komanso nthawi yonse ya maluwa. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa nyengo yokulira, duwa likakhala moyo patatha nthawi yochepa pang'ono, limafunikira feteleza wa nayitrogeni, koma masamba atabzalidwa ndipo mankhwala a potaziyamu-phosphorous amawonjezeredwa kuti atsimikizire kutulutsa kwakaphuka komanso kutalika. Feteleza amathandizidwanso mukamathirira m'njira. Zovuta zamadzimadzi zovuta zimangowonjezeredwa ndi madzi.
• Sinthani dothi mumphika chaka chilichonse.

Mu ma violets, mumafunikanso kusintha masamba am'munsi, nthawi zonse kuchotsa maluwa owuma.

Chifukwa chiyani ma violets amatembenukira masamba achikasu

Mukazindikira zovuta ndi gawo lobiriwira la chomera, ndikofunikira kuti wofesayo azindikire chifukwa chake masamba a violet amawala. Kusintha kwamasamba kumatha kuchitika posamalira bwino kapena matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Kutentha kuthira kwa violets

Momwe mungadziwire zifukwa zake

Pofuna kupulumutsa maluwa, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha koyambirira kwa masamba. Popeza ma violets si mbewu yovutitsa kwambiri, ndibwino kuti muziyang'ana tsiku lililonse.

Vutoli labwino ndi ili:

• masamba amatengedwa mu njira yoyenera bascos pakati pomwe maluwa;
• Masamba masamba ngokhazikika - ngati akwezedwa pang'ono kapena, motalikirapo, izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa zovuta zina;
• utoto umadzaza, kutengera mitundu ingakhale yowala kapena yobiriwira yakuda.

Ngati chikwangwani chikaoneka pamasamba, chimakhala chakuda kapena choyera, chili pamphepete - izi ndi chizindikiro choti muganizire. Timapepala tadzutsidwa timasonyezanso zovuta.

Masamba a Violet adasanduka achikasu

Zomwe zimapangitsa masamba a violets kutembenukira chikasu:

• zoyambitsa zachilengedwe - masamba a mbewu zilizonse amakalamba ndi kufa;
• matenda a fungal, tizirombo;
• kuyika kosayenera kwa chomera;
• gawo lapansi losakwanira;
• osawonedwa kuthirira ndi kuvala kwapamwamba.

Pambuyo pakugula, duwa liyenera kukhala mchipinda chokha.

Kuthirira kwambiri

Kuthirira kwambiri ndi chinthu chomwe ma violets sangathe kuyimirira. Chifukwa cha izo, kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus kumachitika. Choyamba, kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowola.

• Malamulo Othirira

Kuthirira ma violets kuyenera kuchitidwa m'njira yopukutira, ndiye kuti, kudutsa m'munsi. Mizu yomwe imayenera kuyamwa madzi ambiri momwe angafunikire. Kuthirira m'njira zinanso kuthanso kuikidwa magazi, ndipo madzi amathanso kupita pamasamba, ndikuwapangitsa mawanga osasangalatsa.

• Kubwezeretsa chomera pambuyo kuthirira kwambiri

Nthaka iyenera kuyesedwa bwino, ndibwino kuti ndikusintha mbewuyo mumphika wina. Ndipo kwakanthawi musamamwe madzi konse. Chotsani mbali zowonongeka za chomera. Izi zikugwira masamba ndi mbali za muzu.

Mawanga a bulauni pamasamba a violet

Dothi lolakwika

Ndikofunikira kudziwa zoyenera kuchita ngati masamba a violet atembenukira chikasu. Nthawi zambiri, njirayi imayamba kuchokera mgulu laling'ono. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa izi ndi kufooka kwa nthaka. Ngati vutoli silinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kupita kumalo atsopano, masamba am'munsi amasanduka achikasu ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono amafa. Chaka chilichonse, mbewuyo imasinthidwa ku dothi latsopano, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe idagulidwa.

Kuphunzitsa koyenera chomera kumafunikira.

Pazosakaniza zilizonse zopangidwa kale, ufa wophika uyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Koma mutha kukonza dothi, lomwe lidzakhale labwino kwambiri kwa mbewu. Njira yoyamba ndiyosavuta: peat ndi kuphika ufa, womwe umatha kukhala mchenga kapena ma perlite. Koma palinso zosankha zina.

Mtundu woyamba wa dothi wosakanikirana ndi ma violets:

• nthaka + peat 50%;
• 20%;
• 20%;
• nthaka yathanzi + makala 10%.

Njira yachiwiri:

• nthaka yazakudya 70%;
• 10%;
• 10%;
• makala 10%.

Njira yachitatu:

• peat ndi nthaka yopatsa thanzi 3: 1;
• perlite;
• makala.

Kuphatikiza pazinthu zikuluzikulu, mumtundu uliwonse wamtundu uliwonse, mutha kuwonjezera ufa wa dolomite, maqanda, kompositi, mchenga wamtsinje, nthaka yoyanjana.

Pitani kwa akatswiri

Dothi la zomera zamkati zilizonse, kuphatikiza senpolia, limatha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri. Ndipo akatswiri osakaniza dothi atha kukhala osiyana kwambiri ndi omwe agulidwa m'malo ogulitsa maluwa wamba.

Opanga akatswiri, monga lamulo, mugule dothi lapadera, lokwera mtengo koma lopambana. Nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa pokhapokha. Kusakaniza kwodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi Germany Klasman TS 1. Pogulitsa malo oterowo nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa kuchuluka kwa malita 200 (wolemera kuposa makilogalamu 40). Kwa wamaluwa amodzi okha, izi ndizambiri, koma mutha kupeza anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro pa intaneti ndikugulira zinthu zambiri kwa anthu angapo.

Mutha kusanthula anthu omwe agula kale dothi lino ndipo angagulitsenso mbali yake. Gawo ili ndilabwino kwa violets, limakhala ndi thanzi labwino, friability, acidity, chiyerekezo cha zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Kubwezeretsa pambuyo posintha

Senpolia yoika mbewuyo sayenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi yomweyo. Iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi phukusi ndikuyika malo otentha kwa masabata angapo. Zitatha izi, phukusi limachotsedwa ndikuthirira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kumayamba.

Ngati masamba ali ndi mavuto, zikutanthauza kuti mizu yake sinakwanitse kukula bwino ndipo singatheke kuti duwa lithe madzi okwanira. Kenako wowonjezera kutentha amabwerera masiku ena angapo.

Komanso, ndizosatheka kuletsa kuwoneka kwa ma peduncle panthawi yakukonzanso mpaka mizu itapangidwa mokwanira, apo ayi violet sangakhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti apange machitidwe ofunikira.

Thirani malawi

Zinthu zakunja

Mphamvu yayikulu pamasamba amasamba amadziwika ndi zinthu zakunja. Mukapanda kuphwanya malamulo a chisamaliro, ndiye kuti chomera chimawoneka bwino nthawi zonse ndikusangalatsa wobzala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso maluwa obiriwira.

Kutentha

Kutentha, kutentha kwambiri, kunyezimira kwa dzuwa kumakhudza mbewuyo molakwika. Ngati nyalugwe imayimirira pazenera lakumwera mukutentha popanda chitetezo chilichonse, ndiye kuti mutha kuyambiranso masamba onse nthawi imodzi. Poyamba, zimangotuwa pang'onopang'ono, kenako zimatopa, kenako zimatha.

Zinthu ngati izi zimapangitsanso kuti ziume panthaka, zomwe sizivomerezeka pakula senpolia. Kuti mupewe izi, ndikofunikira kusankha zenera lowunikira pang'ono. Ngati izi sizingatheke (izi zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, m'malo opumira), ndikofunikira kuteteza maluwa osalala kuchokera ku dzuwa. Mutha kuphimba mmera womwewo, kapena mutha kugula zojambulazo zapadera zomwe zingateteze kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma nthawi yomweyo mupeze kuwala kokwanira.

Njira yabwino yoyika maluwa m'chilimwe ndi mashelufu omwe amakhala kutali ndi zenera, koma akuwala kokwanira. Zitachitika kuti dziko lapansi lauma, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Dzazani beseni ndi madzi ofunda.
2. Kwa mphindi 30, ikani mphika wa violet mmenemo.
3. Tulukani ndikuyika pamalo abwino.

Zachiwawa pakatentha

Lola

Ngati ma violets amayamba kuzizira, ndiye kuti fungal matenda amabwera kwa iwo nthawi yomweyo. Choyamba, tikulankhula za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowola. Magawo onse a chomera akudwala matendawa. Masamba ozungulira achikasu amawonekera pamasamba, kukongoletsa kwa duwa kumakhudzidwa kwambiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa violets ndi +18 ... +24 ° С.

China chomwe chingachitike ndi masamba osasamala

Kusamalidwa kosayenera kumavulaza ma violets, komanso zomera zina zamkati. Zotsatira za chisamaliro ichi zitha kukhala:

• posowa kuwala, masamba atsopano amakhala opepuka komanso ang'onoang'ono, petioles amawonjezedwa, m'mbali mwa masamba amawombera m'mwamba;
• kuchuluka kwa acidity kapena kuchuluka kwa mchere wa nthaka kumapangitsa kuti masamba azitseka, vuto lomwelo limachitika ndikusowa kwa nayitrogeni kapena kusefukira;
• mawanga owoneka pamasamba kapena malangizo awo amawonetsera kuti duwa limathiridwa ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri kapena likuvutika ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa;
• ndi kukula kwa kuzika kwa mizu, kupendekeka kumawonekera, ndipo khungu la masamba latayika;
• Kuola imvi kumaphwetsa njira yomwe masamba amatha kukhala otuwa;
• vuto lakachedwa limawonekera ndi kukhalapo kwa brownish, mawanga bulauni pamasamba a violets, turgor atayika;
• chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa mbewu pamtengowo, dzimbiri lingaoneke, lodziwika ndi tubercles zosasangalatsa ndi madontho pamasamba ndi kudula;
• ndi kuthirira kwambiri ndi hypothermia, kuwola kwakuda kumatha kumera pa masamba, masamba amdima ndi kuda.

Ziwawa ndi zomera zowoneka bwino, zomwe wobzala sazindikira.

Kusamalidwa koyenera

Kusamalidwa moyenera kwa senpolia ndiko njira yopambana. Ngati mutsatira malingaliro onse a akatswiri, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti duwa limakula ndikukula.

Vutoli ladzaza

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe ziyenera kuonedwa pamagawo osiyanasiyana a maluwa

1. Poyambirira, atapeza ma violets, amafunika kudzipatula kwa milungu iwiri m'chipinda chodyera.
2. Pa gawo loyambira kukula kwa masamba pambuyo pa nyengo yochepa, kuthira feteleza ndi nayitrogeni ndikofunikira.
3. Panthawi yamaluwa ndi maluwa, feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous adzapulumutsa.
4. Pa maluwa, kuchotsedwa kwa masamba ndi maluwa osafunikira ndikofunikira.

Osatengera gawo lachitukuko, kuthirira kwamkati kumalimbikitsidwa kwa ma violets onse. Feteleza chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'nthaka momwemonso.

Ndi mtundu wanji wa ma violets omwe angasinthidwe ngati palibe chomwe chingathandize

Ngati palibe njira zomwe zingathandizire, koma masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikutembenuka choncho, ndibwino kusintha mitundu yamavi. Olima okhwima amalangizidwa kuti azigula mitundu yosakanizidwa yomwe imamasula pafupifupi chaka chonse,, pomwepo, imapanga masamba kwa nthawi yochepa chabe. Zimatengera mitundu yomwe singakulidwe.

Sikovuta kukula violet kunyumba mukamatsatira malamulo onse osamalira. Koma ndibwino kuti wolima wopanda nzeru azigula mtundu wina wamakono wosakanikirana, womwe sufunikira kuusamalira. Tsopano mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapangidwa yomwe imasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana.