Zomera zonse za m'munda, kuphatikizapo kabichi, zimadwala matenda. Zimakhala zophweka kwambiri kuti zitha kuwateteza kusiyana ndi kuchiritsa opezeka. Komanso, ena mwa iwo sangathe kuchiritsidwa.
Matenda a bakiteriya ndi mavairasi a kabichi: zizindikiro ndi njira zoyang'anira
Zakudya zonse za kabichi zili pamwamba pa nthaka, choncho, kukonza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumatanthauza kuvulaza thanzi lanu. Zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwa thupi la munthu, zowonjezera m'masamba, zikusungira pamenepo ndikukhala kosatha. Choncho, kupewa, makamaka anthu amtundu, nthawizonse kumakonda.
Mucous bacteriosis
Matenda ngati kabichi, monga mucous bacteriosis amapezeka makamaka pa yosungirako, pamene kutentha boma kwambiri kwambiri. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ndipo amapeza njira ziwiri: masamba akunja akuvunda, fungo losasangalatsa limachokera kwa iwo, ndiye phesi imayamba kuvunda; Njira yachiwiri - imayamba kuvunda kuchokera kumutu, ntchentche imapangidwa, ndiye masamba amakhudzidwa. Mipata ya matendawa imapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi nayitrogeni, mvula yambiri kapena madzi okwanira, osagwirizana ndi ulimi. Pofuna kupewa ndi kuyenera muyenera:
- kukula mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe ulibe matenda,
- kuthetsa tizirombo nthawi yonseyi,
- musasokoneze kayendedwe ka mbewu
- onetsetsani mbeu zomwe zasungidwa,
- onetsetsani kutentha kwa nyengo
- Sungani mbeu musanadzalemo,
- kuthandizira mizu ya mbande ("Fitoflavin-300").
Vascular bacteriosis
Kabichi bacteriosis imapezeka pamtundu uliwonse wa chitukuko: Matendawa amagwera pa chomera ndi tizilombo kapena mvula. Kuwonetsedwa ndi chikasu cha tsamba lomwe lakhudzidwa, ndiye kumayambira wakuda pa izo. Pambuyo pake, masamba amdima kwambiri ndikufa. Vuto ndilokuti bactri yoyenera imakhalabe mu nthaka kwa zaka ziwiri. Njira zothandizira ndi kupewa:
- Kubzala mbewu zakutchire, zimakhala zotsutsa;
- Bzalani pamalo omwewo osachepera zaka zinayi;
- Nthawi yochotsa namsongole.
Makina a kabichi
Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi namsongole wa banja la cruciferous, lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Choyamba, mitsuko ya kabichi imawala, ndiye imasiya kukula, ndipo tsamba limatulutsa. Kupewa ndiko kumenyana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi namsongole, matendawa sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Mutu wokhudzidwa ayenera kukumba ndi kuwotchedwa.
Fungal matenda a kabichi: zizindikiro ndi njira zolimbana
Pafupifupi onse fungusutsidwe amadzipangidwira kumalo ozizira, osungirako zosayenera kapena kunyalanyaza mbeu zochotsa njere kapena mbewu.
Alternaria (wakuda malo)
Kawirikawiri matendawa amapezeka m'malo osungiramo mbewu ndi mbewu zokolola. Mzere wakuda ndi mawanga amawoneka pa mbande, zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka. Mu zomera zazikulu, mawanga amatsagana ndi soot scurf. Nthawi zina kugwa kumagwera pamutu, komwe kumaphatikizanso ndi mawanga omwe amasanduka masamba. Zochita zothandizira: chithandizo cha hydrothermal cha mbewu kapena chithandizo chawo ndi TMTD, kutsatizana ndi kusinthasintha kwa mbeu ndi kuchotsa msanga kwa nthawi yake. Pa nyengo yokula imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi kukonzekera kokhala ndi mkuwa.
Vuto loyera
Matendawa amayamba nyengo yamvula komanso yozizira, panthawi ya mutu. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa zikuwonekera kale kusungirako. Mucus amawonekera pa masamba, ndipo mfundo zakuda za spores za bowa zimakula kuzungulira.
Kupewa kumawonongetsa malo osungirako ntchito; mumangofunika kukolola m'nyengo youma, kusiya masentimita atatu a mutu pansi ndi masamba angapo apansi. Matendawa akapezeka pamalo osungirako, malo okhudzidwawo amachotsedwa ndipo amadzazidwa ndi choko.
Ng'ombe yoyera
Wothandizira wa bowa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amamera namsongole. Kupititsa patsogolo kumathandizidwa ndi nyengo yamvula kapena kukhalapo kwa madzi pamasamba. The affected mbali ya kabichi kukhala minofu, m'mphepete mwa masamba azipiringa. Kupewa: chiwonongeko cha namsongole, chowombera kuchokera ku tizirombo musanadzalemo. Mbewu zimatha kupepetsedwa ndi Ridomil Gold.
Quila
Wothandizira khungu la keel mu kabichi ndi mitsempha ya m'mapangidwe apansi omwe amasungidwa m'nthaka. Nkhanza za matendawa ndi kuti kumayambiriro kovuta zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. Mungathe kuzipeza mwa kukumba kabichi, pamidzi yake padzakhala kukula kwa kukula kwake. Chizindikiro cha matenda - masamba owotcha. Matendawa amafalikira mumvula, nyengo yozizira, ndi mbande zomwe zakhudzidwa. Choncho, musanadzale, yang'anani mbande. Pofuna kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa keel, chithandizo cha nthaka ndi mandimu chingathandize; fungicides ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Ndikofunikira! Mulimonsemo palibe masamba omwe athandizidwa apatsedwe kuti azidyetsa ng'ombe. Bowa lidzalowa mu manyowa, mozungulira mu bwalo.
Downy mildew (perinospora)
Kutenga ndi peronosporosis kumapezeka kudzera mu mbewu kapena nthaka. Mbande ziwiri ndi akulu kabichi akudwala. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zimawoneka pamasamba aang'ono ngati mawanga achikasu kunja kwa tsamba. Ndi kufalikira kwa matendawa pamasamba kumawoneka chida chofiira - spores.
Pofuna kupewa, samalani mbeu asanayambe kufesa. Ngati matendawa akupezeka, chitani kabichi "Fitoftorin" - izi ndizochilengedwe.
Mame a Mealy
Powdery mildew zilonda zimaphimbidwa ndi woyera powdery powdery ufa. Popeza chipikacho chimafafanizidwa ngati fumbi, ambiri amadziwanso. Pali patini imvi mkati mwa pepala, mawanga achikasu amaoneka kunja. Mukangozindikira zinthu monga izi, yambani kulandira Fitosporin-M, gwiritsani ntchito kamodzi pa masabata atatu mpaka mutachotsa matendawa.
Rhizoctoniosis
Kuwonongeka kumachitika pamene nthaka ifika pa masamba. Choyamba, zimaoneka ngati lalanje-chikasu, zomwe zimafalitsa kachilombo ku mbeu yonse, zilonda zam'mimba zimapanga tsamba la petioles, mizu ya chiberekero imatembenuka chikasu, mizu, ndipo imamwalira. Pamene matendawa akuwonekera, sitsani mbewuyi ndi 0.2% yothetsera mchere oxychloride. Zothandizira ndizitsatira zikhalidwe za kubzala ndi chitukuko cha kabichi.
Grey kuvunda
Mliriwu umapezeka pamalo pomwe kabichi amasungidwa. Spores ya bowa amawoneka bwino mu mvula yambiri, okhala mu cabbages ya nkhungu ya fluffy, pomwe masamba a kabichi ali mu mawanga wakuda. Njira zothandizira:
- Panthawi yakukula kuti ayang'ane kuthirira, ziyenera kukhala zochepa;
- Musapitirirepo ndi zowonjezera mavitamini;
- Chotsani masamba owuma ndi ofiira kuchokera kumutu;
- Disinfect musanazisunge mbewu.
Zowola zouma (fomoz)
Phomosis ya kabichi imawonetseredwa ndi mawanga oyera ndi zofiira zakuda pa masamba a kabichi. Mukhoza kusokoneza ndi mwendo wakuda, koma ndi matendawa malo odwala ndi imvi, ndipo pansi pa tsamba ndi lilac. Pano njira zowonjezera "Fitosporin-M" m'madera okhudzidwa amathandizira, ndipo pofuna kupewa, musanafese, muzisamalira mbewu ndi Tigamu 0.5%.
Black mwendo wa kabichi
Kabichi wakuda mwendo ndi kachilombo koopsa, ndikofunika kudziwa mmene mungagwirire ndi bowayi chifukwa imachulukana mofulumira kwambiri. Wothandizira matendawa ali m'nthaka ndipo amamva bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa asidi ndi chinyezi. Kabichi ndi omwe amawopsa kwambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amafesa ndi owonjezera ndi feteleza a nayitrogeni. Mitengo yofowoka imatha, mizu imakhala yochepa kwambiri, ndipo mbali ya pansi ya thunthu imakwera pa mbande za bowa.
Musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kuti muwononge nthaka ndi 1% ya potassium permanganate, yeretsani nyembazo ndi "Readzole" kapena "Planriz". Mwamwayi, palibe mankhwala: Mitenda ya matenda imatsukidwa, yotenthedwa, ndipo nthaka imatetezedwa ndi marcinate.
Kuwonongeka kochedwa
Akakhala ndi vuto lochedwa, bowa amafalikira ku tsinde kufikira masamba, kumakhudza mutu. Mphukira yophimba kumutu imakhala yakuda. Pakati pa masamba bwanji woyera fluff spore. Perekani kuwonongeka ndi vuto lochedwa - chipatso cha 50%.
Mukudziwa? Matendawa anapezeka m'chaka cha 1974 m'mapiri a ku England, mu 1984 anagunda kabichi ku Germany, ndipo mu 1996 kuphulika kwa vutoli kunapezeka m'zipinda za Russia.
Mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito kabichi mu nkhaniyi sichidziwikabe. Pali njira zokhazokha zotsatila: kutsatizana ndi kusinthasintha kwa mbeu, kuteteza dothi ndi mbande, komanso musabzalitse mababu pafupi
Chenjerani! Kukolola mvula itangotha mvula, osalola kabichi kuti iume, idzawonjezera kwambiri mwayi wothetsera vutoli.
Fusarium wilt (tracheomycosis)
Dzina lotchuka ndi jaundice, monga ndi matendawa masamba amasanduka achikasu ndipo samangirizidwa kumutu. Ngakhale zitamangidwa, zidzakhala zowonongeka, zowonongeka ndi masamba ogwa pansi. Matendawa angathe kuwononga mbewu zambiri. Palibe njira zothetsera matendawa a kabichi. Pofuna kupewa, zomera zimachotsedwa ndipo nthaka imatulutsidwa ndi njira za manganese ndi potaziyamu kapena mkuwa sulphate.
Kupewa matenda a kabichi
Musanadzalemo, njira zothandizira zitha kukhazikitsidwa, panthawi imeneyi n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amatsutsana pa nthawi ya chitukuko. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza zachilengedwe, koma sizothandiza., tikaganizira kuti nthawi zambiri, njira zothandizira matenda a kabichi zimapezeka. Kawirikawiri m'pofunika kuwononga zomera zazikulu. Mitundu ya zachilengedwe imayambitsidwa ndi matenda; Nkhumba zowonongeka, zimakhudzidwa mobwerezabwereza, komanso pansi pa zochitika zonse zobzala ndi kusungirako, nyengo (kuchepa kwazing'ono), zomera sizimadwala konse.
Kupewa matenda kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko. M'dzinja mutatha kukolola dothi ayenera kusamalidwa bwino, kenako amachizidwa ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala. Mankhwala: Cumulus DF, Fitosporin; Mbalame zam'madzi zochokera ku tsabola wotentha, mahatchi kapena marigolds.
Chofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe kuyendayenda bwino kwa mbeu, ndiko kuti, kusinthana kwa mbeu zosiyanasiyana m'malo amodzi. Choncho, nthaka sichitha kuchepa, ndipo zomera sichidziwika kwambiri ndi matenda. Pofuna kuteteza mbande zazing'ono kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko chake, m'pofunika kuwonjezera pa 50 g wa phulusa pamtunda. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mwachindunji pakufika pamtunda. Pakati pa chitukuko, n'zotheka kuchiza Planriz, Baktofit kapena Fitoflavin-300, zomwe sizili zoopsa pa thanzi lathu.
Kabichi ndi masamba abwino kwambiri, mukhoza kuphika zakudya zambiri, mukhoza kudya zamwambo ndi zakumwa zakumwa kabichi, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri m'mimba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kudzaza mapepala ndi pies, kukhala ndi mphamvu komanso mavitamini pa nthawi ya zakudya.
Zosangalatsa Pali nthano yomwe imati Alexander Wamkulu, nkhondo isanayambe, anapereka asilikali ake a kabichi. Anakhulupilira kuti amapereka mphamvu, kudzidalira komanso kuwononga mantha.Mankhwala a kabichi akhala ataphunzira kale, koma mwina osati kumapeto, malingana ndi nthano.
