Lupine ndi mtengo wosaganizira komanso wolimba womwe uli ndi inflorescence yokhala ngati kandulo yokongola. Maluwa a mithunzi yosiyanasiyana atatulutsa maluwa nthawi yomweyo, amafanana ndi phale lokongoletsa. Kukula chomera sikovuta kwenikweni, koma kutsatira malamulo ena osamalira ndikofunikira.
Kufotokozera za mbewu ndi njira zokulira
Lupine ndi chomera cha pachaka kapena chosatha m'mabanja achimuna, chokhala ndi mizu yayitali yozama ndi mamita awiri. Pali mitundu ya pachaka komanso yosatha. Kutalika kwa mbewu kuchokera pa 50 mpaka 120 cm Maluwa akuyamba kumapeto kwa Meyi ndikupitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa June. Mitundu ina imatha kuyambiranso maluwa. Kutengera kuchotsedwa kwa panthawi yake kwa miyendo yoyenda.
Lupine alibe zokongoletsera zokha, amathandizanso chonde m'nthaka.
Mtundu wa maluwa ndi osiyanasiyana: yoyera, yapinki, ya lilac, yofiirira. Zoweta zoweta mitundu kuphatikiza mitundu itatu. Mutatha maluwa pa ma peduncles, zipatso zimapangidwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa.
Mbewuyi ndi chilala komanso chisanu. Mkhalidwe wokhawo ndiwo kusankha koyenera kwa mitundu ndi mitundu. Nyama zam'madzi zakutchire zimamva bwino kumpoto kwa Canada. Mitundu ina imamera m'malo achipululu owuma a Africa ndi South America, komanso ngakhale ku Sahara. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewuyi ili ponseponse padziko lapansi.
Pakati panjira, mitundu yonse yosatha ndi yapachaka imakula. Mbewuyo imakonda malo otetezedwa ndi dzuwa kapena osachedwa kutetezedwa ndi mphepo.
Kusankha dothi lolimidwa
Kusankha dothi lolondola ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri kuti mulime bwino. Chomera chimakonda pang'ono zamchere kapena pang'ono za asidi. Nthaka yokhala ndi asidi wambiri ndi yopanda chomera: imatha kutulutsa, masamba ake amatha. Kuchepetsa dothi m'malo okhala ndi lupins kumachitika zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Alkali owonjezera m'nthaka adzatsogolera kukula kwa matenda. Kuti mubzale maluwa m'nthaka yamchere, muyenera kuthirira m'derali ndi yankho laosachepera asidi kapena kuwonjezera peat panthaka.
Duwa silifunikira kwambiri chonde, limatha kumera ngakhale pamchenga. Kuti maluwa owala bwino ndi opepuka, feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu amawonjezeredwa panthaka.
Zofunika! Nayitrogeni siyinayambitsidwe pansi pa chomeracho, chifukwa iyo imapanga chinthuchi mu michere ndi ma bacteria a nodule pamizu. Kuyambira kuvala pamwamba ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, mbewuyo imayamba kulakalaka ndipo itha kufa. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, maluwa sangabzalidwe m'nthaka yomwe itakonzedwa kompositi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito lupine pakupanga mawonekedwe
Kudzala kwa lupine kosakanizidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga munda
Ma inflorescence amtali, opundika ndi malo enieni opanga mawonekedwe. Makandulo okhala ndi mitundu yambiri amaoneka mochititsa chidwi pabedi la maluwa, paphiri lalitali, panjira zaminda.
M'mabedi ena maluwa, lupine imachita mbali yayikulu.
Maluwa amawoneka odabwitsa m'minda imodzi ndi yamagulu. Mitundu italiitali imakhala ngati chowongolera chakale kwambiri komanso chosatha.
Mizu yayitali ya lupine imatha kufika mainchesi awiri
Zomera zimawoneka zokongoletsa nthawi yamaluwa, koma masamba ake ndizosangalatsa. Chomera chikukula msanga ndikupanga duwa lokhazikika lamasamba okongola bwino, chomera chake chimakhala bwino kumasamba osavomerezeka m'munda. Mitundu yomwe imakula pang'ono imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malire amaluwa.
Lupine nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa osapitilira maluwa.
Zipin za pachaka zimatha kubzala m'machubu kapena maluwa. Kwa osatha, njira iyi yakukula siyikulimbikitsidwa: mizu yamphamvu, yayitali siyikhala bwino pamalo ochepa.
Mitundu ya pachaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi ngati chakudya chodyetsa. Mitundu yazodyetsa ilibe chokongoletsera ndipo imachulukitsa tsamba. Gawo lobiriwira la mbewuyo lili ndi mapuloteni ambiri.
Mitundu yosatha ndi siderates odabwitsa. Zofesedwa kuti zimapangitse nthaka ndi nayitrogeni pakukula kwa chomera, chifukwa chamizu, ndipo pambuyo pa kufa kwa mlengalenga ndi kuvunda kwake munthaka. Chikhalidwechi chimaletsanso kukokoloka ndi kukhetsa kwa nthaka, motero chimabzalidwa pamalo otsetsereka.
Mitundu yotchuka ndi mitundu yokhala ndi zithunzi
Mwa chiyambi, mitundu yazomera imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: Mediterranean ndi America. Mitundu ya gulu la America imalimidwa mdera la Russia. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi yosasunthika komanso yosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ya pachaka
Mitundu ya pachaka imakhala yotopetsa komanso yolimbana ndi matenda.
Chikasu, Lupinus luteus
Yellow lupine imalidwa ngati mbewu yazodyetsa ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa.
Maonedwe aku Mediterranean kukwera mpaka mita 1.5 ndi tsinde la fluffy. Maluwa okhala ndi lingaliro lazizindikiro.
Hartwega, Lupinus hartwegii
Lupine hartweg imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabedi amaluwa ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera.
Kutsika, pafupifupi 60 cm, chomera. Mtundu wa maluwa ake ndi pinki kapena lamtambo. Monga osatha, imatha kumera pokhapokha madera otentha pomwe kutentha sikumatsika ndi zero.
Wachepera, Lupinus pusillus
Tiny lupine ndimapangidwe ofanana ndi maluwa komanso maluwa
Maonekedwe okongola ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono.
Pinki Fairy, Pinki Fairy
Wamatsenga wapinki amasunthira ku chisanu.
Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi masentimita 30. Umaphukira kwambiri, kuphatikiza fungo la nandolo wokoma.
Choyera, Lupinus albus
Lupine yoyera imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza, chakudya cham'madzi komanso zokongoletsera
Kutali kosiyanasiyana. Phula limatha kutalika mamita awiri. Maluwa ndi oyera ngati chipale.
Mitundu yosatha
Ma lupin osatha amabzalidwa osati chifukwa chokongoletsera. Izi ndizowerengeka zachilengedwe zomwe zimasintha bwino nthaka.
Siliva, Lupinus argenteus
Maluwa a siliva lupine ali ndi mithunzi yayitali, pafupi kwambiri ndi utoto woyera.
Mitundu yotsika pang'ono, osapitirira 25 cm.
Apurikoti, Apurikoti
Mtundu wa apricot wokhazikika unapereka dzinalo kwa mitundu ya Lupine Apricot
Kutalika kwa mbewuzo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 90. Maluwa ndi oyera-lalanje.
Minaret
Mainaret apafupi ndi abwino pakapangidwe kamundawo
Mitundu yomwe imamera pang'ono ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 50-60. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi lilac, pinki, ndimu.
Zozimitsa moto
Mabomba amoto a lupine ali ndi makutu owoneka bwino a piramidi
Chomera chokhala ndi maluwa ofiira, ofiira, achikasu, oyera ndi ofiira. Msinkhu - pafupifupi 120 cm.
Arboreal, Lupinus arboreus Sims
Chitsamba chamaluwa onunkhira chimafunikira pobisalira chisanu
Mbewu yobadwira kumpoto kwa America. Kutalika kwa mbewu - pafupifupi mamitala awiri. Maluwa ndi ofiira, oyera kapena achikasu.
Momwe mungakulire duwa komanso momwe mungakulitsire
Kuthengo, chomeracho chimamera mosavuta podzibzala ndi kukula kwa njira zoyambira. Duwa ili liyenera kukumbukiridwa pakakulitsa pa bedi la maluwa, apo ayi lophimba dera lonse la dimba. Nkhumba zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe pogaŵanitsa chitsamba, kufesa mbewu za mbande kapena nthaka.
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba
Njira yothamanga kwambiri yopezera maluwa ku lupine m'derali ndikufalitsa ndi odulidwa-odulidwa.
Gawoli limagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pamene osatha ayamba kupanga rosette la masamba.
Dothi lozungulira chomeracho limanyowa bwino, ndiye kuti ma dzuwa ang'onoang'ono amasungidwa ku chitsamba chachikulu, ndikuchikumba mosamala ndikuwabzala kumalo atsopano.
Kudula
Zidula za mbewu zimachitika mchaka kapena chilimwe.
Mukudula kwa masika, nthambi yokhala ndi mfundo yatsopanoyo imadulidwa poyambira. M'chilimwe, mphukira yam'mbali imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phesi.
Nthochi zimapangika m'makola amitengo. Zodulidwa zodzalidwa mumiphika ndi peat-mchenga osakaniza kuti muzu. Pambuyo pa masiku 25-30, phesi limayamba mizu, ndipo limabzidwa pamalo omwe adakonzedwa.
Kukula mbande
Kubzala mbewu za lupine kwa mbande kumayamba kumapeto kwa February. Kuti mupeze mbande yabwino ndi mbande zolimba, kukonzekera dothi koyenera ndikofunikira.
Chomera sichiyenera kuthira mbande, mbande nthawi yomweyo zimasamukira kunthaka
Kusakaniza kwa kufesa kumakonzedwa kuchokera ku dothi lamtambo, mchenga ndi peat mosiyanasiyana. Mtengowo umakhala ndi muzu wautali, womwe umavulazidwa mosavuta pakasakanizidwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutenga zotengera pakufesa mbande zakuya.
Malangizo. Ngati maluwa otayika a maluwa a chaka chatha adawonjezeredwa ndi zosakaniza kufesa, mbewu zimaphuka msanga komanso mwamtendere.
Mbewu zimasamba-zotetezedwa mu 50% yankho la mankhwala Fundazole. Chigoba cholimba chimalepheretsa kuphukira, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti chikonzekere kumera mu imodzi mwanjira zotsatirazi:
- Opaka ndi sandpaper, kusamala kuti musawononge zomwe zili mkati. Pambuyo pochotsa gawo la chigombacho, njerezo zimamizidwa m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 10-12 kotero kuti zimatupa.
- Kutengera kutentha kutentha. Kuti muchite izi, amakuthira mu mufiriji, kenako kumizidwa m'madzi otentha kwa miniti. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kumayambitsa kuphwanya chipolopolo.
- Chitani ndi mankhwala. Mbewu zimanyowetsedwa kwa maola 10 mu 10 peresenti yothetsera laimu kapena kwa mphindi 20 mu njira yayitali ya potaziyamu permanganate. Pambuyo pothandizidwa ndi mankhwala, mbewu zimatsukidwa bwino.
Dothi losakonzedwa limathiridwa mu mbande, pangani ma grooves akuya kwa 1.5-2 masentimita ndikugawa mbewuzo momwemo. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi 1-1,5 cm.
Kuti muchepetse kutuluka kwa mbande, mbewu zimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu. Bokosi la mbewu limakhazikika pamalo otentha, owala. Kutentha kumera - + 20-25 ° C. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masiku 14-15. Pambuyo mawonekedwe awo, pobisalira amachichotsa m'bokosilo ndikuyiyika pamalo owala kwambiri.
Mbande zibzalidwe panthaka itayamba kutentha, nthawi yoti chisanu chikutha. Pofesa nthawi yake mbande nthawi imeneyi masamba 4-5 adapangidwa kale. Pambuyo pake kubzala kumayambitsa kuvulaza muzu, zomwe zakhudza kuchuluka kwa mbewu. Zomera zomwe tsamba la 7 limapangidwa zimamera mozungulira kawiri.
Asanabzike panthaka, mbande zimapsa. Kuti muchite izi, mbande zimatengedwa kukayenda, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi yomwe ikuyenda mumsewu. Pakulimbitsa, mbande zimayikidwa m'malo osasinthika, opanda mphepo.
Nthawi yoyenera kubzala mbande ndikuyamba kapena pakati pa Meyi. Ngati pali chiwopsezo cha chisanu mutabzala, m'minda yophimbidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.
Zofunika! Omvera maluwa odziwa bwino salangizidwa kuti azilima mbande za lupine m'malo mchipinda. Zomera pankhaniyi ndizofooka komanso zamaluwa ang'onoang'ono. Njira yabwino yofesera mbande kuti ipititse patsogolo maluwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
Kubzala mbewu panthaka
Maluwa amatuluka bwino pofesedwa mosabisa panthaka. Madeti ofesa bwino kwambiri ali kumayambiriro kapena m'ma April. Pakadali pano, dothi limakhala lotentha kale, koma limasungabe chinyezi chokwanira kumera. Kutentha kochepa kwa nthaka kufesa + 5-8 ° C.
Mbewu za lupine zimawoneka ngati nyemba zazing'ono
Pakukula kwa ziwalo zodziyimira paline, kutentha kwa 12-15 ° C ndikofunikira. Mwanjira imeneyi, mbewuyo imatha kulekerera kutentha kwa usiku mpaka 4-5 ° C.
Zofunika! Mukabzala mbewu, maluwa amayamba mchaka chachiwiri. Njira yofalitsira mbewu siyitsimikizira kuti mitundu yamitengo ya chomera idzasungidwa. Zomwe zimalimbikira kwambiri ndizithunzi za pinki komanso zofiirira. Mtundu woyera pakubzala pambuyo pake samasungidwa.
Pofesa, malowa amakumbidwa ndipo feteleza wa phosphate-potaziyamu amawayika. Mbewu za zidutswa 2-3 zimayikidwa mumabowo mtunda wa 50-60 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Ngati tumphuka tambiri tating'onoting'ono mu bowo lililonse, siyani mwamphamvu, enawo amachotsedwa.
Mbewu zingafesedwe panthaka nyengo yachisanu isanayambe. Izi, maluwa ayamba nyengo yotsatira, koma mu Ogasiti okha. Mukabzala, chiwembucho chimakonkhedwa ndi chosanjikiza cha peat 3-4 cm.
Kusamalira Kwapanja Kunja
Kusamalira mbewu kumakhala kuthirira, kuphatikiza ndi namsongole. Kumasulira dothi lozungulira chomera sikofunikira, chifukwa mizu yake imalowa pansi kwambiri ndipo osafunikira mpweya.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Chomera chimapirira chilala, koma kuthilira nthawi zonse chimapanga tsamba lamphuka ndipo limamasula kwambiri. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika komanso koyenera. Ndikofunika kwambiri kufikisa nthaka mchaka choyamba cha mitundu yosatha. Zomera zikamakula, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumachepa.
Zofunika! Ngati, chifukwa cha chinyezi chochulukirapo, kufalikira kwa khosi la mizu kwachitika, tsinde likuyenera kutalikitsidwa. Lupine wobzalidwa pafupi ndi malo owoneka kapena madzi achilengedwe sangathe kuthiriridwa: muzu wamphamvu udzapeza chinyontho pawokha.
Dyetsani mbewuyo kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Maphunziro mpaka chaka chodyetsa safunikira kapena kuvulaza, chifukwa amatha kusokoneza mapangidwe a mizu.
Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimayambitsidwa nthawi yoyamba kuphukira. Ma feteleza otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala pamwamba:
- osakaniza superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake (20 g / 5 g pa mita imodzi);
- Supuni ziwiri za phulusa la mitengo pachitsamba chilichonse;
- akamakula pamchenga wamchenga - kuvala pamwamba ndi ufa wa dolomite ndi magnesium.
Mapangidwe azomera
Lupine adzipanga payekha mozungulira kolondola yolondola, motero safunikira kudulira. Pa maluwa, zimayambira maluwa zimachotsedwa. Cholinga cha mwambowu ndikuwonjezera maluwa mu Ogasiti ndikuletsa kuti mbeu zisadzipange nokha.
Zomera kuyambira zaka 4 zimayamba kukalamba. Pakatikati pa malo ogulitsako amafa, motero maluwa amatuluka. Tchuthi zakale zimachotsedwa, toyesa chatsopano chimabzalidwa m'malo mwawo.
Yang'anani! Ngati kuli kofunika kutola mbewu zamasamba pofalitsa, njira zingapo zimatsalira mpaka zipatsozo zitakhwima. Pofuna kupewa tinthu timene timayendera pang'onopang'ono, timatumba tomwe timayikidwa panjirayo. Phesi ya mbewu iyenera kupukuta kwathunthu. Mbeu zotulutsidwa zimakhala zouma bwino ndikusungidwa m'matumba.
Kusamalira maluwawa ndi nyengo yachisanu
Mitundu yosatha yokhala panthaka imatha kukhalanso ndi chisanu kwambiri. Popewa kuzizira kwa phokoso, malowo adaphimbidwa. Nyengo ikakhala kuti yauma, kuthirira kwamadzi kumachitika.
Atapanga maluwa mobwerezabwereza mu Ogasiti, gawo la mlengalenga limadulidwa. Zinyalala zonse zachomera zimachotsedwa, chifukwa tizirombo ndi matenda zimatha kukhalamo. Kenako malowo ndi lupins amawunjikidwa ndi peat kapena utuchi. Chisanu chitangosungunuka, ma peat owonjezera amachotsedwa mu mphukira.
Kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kumavulaza lupins.
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira (Ural, Siberia) nyama zamuyaya zimafunikira malo okhala owopsa. Pambuyo poluka ndi peat, chiwembucho chimaphimbidwa ndi nthambi za spruce kapena masamba owuma. Zovala zokutira zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo chisanu chikasungunuka. Ndikosatheka kuchedwetsa chochitika ichi: pansi pa masamba kapena masamba, mphukira imadzaza madzi ndipo imatha kuvunda.
Kukula kwamavuto ndi njira zowathetsera
Duwa limakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ngati malamulo osamalira samatsatiridwa kapena zofunika zakusankhidwa kwa chiwembuchi ziphwanyidwa. Zinthu zotsatirazi ndi zovulaza mmera:
- Kusintha kwakuthwa;
- kuwala kochepa;
- kuthirira kwamadzi m'nthaka.
Vuto lodziwika ndikupanga masamba achikasu. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndi nthaka yamchere. Kuchepetsa nthaka komanso kuthirira nthawi yake kumathandiza kupewa vutoli.
Kufesa lupine koyambirira kumathandizira kuti musakhale ndi matenda ochepa.
M'mikhalidwe yovuta, matenda amakula:
- Powdery Mildew Zimakhudza mbewuyo ikaphatikizidwa ndi kuzizira komanso chinyezi chachikulu. Kuphimba koyera kumawonekera pamasamba. Mtengowo umafafaniza ndi Topaz, Fundazole kapena mkuwa sulfate.
- Grey and brown rot. Amakula motsutsana ndi maziko akuthirira kwa nthaka ndi nthaka. Chomera chimayamba kufota, kuwuma, utoto kapena utoto wofiirira umaonekera pamasamba, malo amtundu wotuwa. Chithandizo chikuchitika ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa Fitosporin, Bordeaux madzi, mkuwa sulfate.
- Fusarium Fungal matenda owonekera pa budding. Masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikasu, kenako amatembenuka bulauni, kupindika. The bowa akuwonongeka mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kukonzekera Fitosporin, Bactofit.
Lupine sangaukiridwe ndi tizirombo wamba. Koma tizilombo tina titha kukhazikika pamalowo ndikuwononga kwambiri:
- Phytophages: waya, mphukira yamtundu, mphutsi za Meyi kafadala. Tizilombo timatha kuthira nthangala titangofesa panthaka. Kuti muthane nawo, malowa amathandizidwa ndi tizilombo tisanalore kubzala.
- Ma nsabwe. Amatsutsana ndi inflorescence nthawi ya budding. Ngati madontho akuda akupezeka pa peduncle, mbewuyo imapakidwa mankhwala ndi Aktara, Actellik, Spark, Alatar.
Ndemanga zothandiza za olimi
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa ntchito amagawana mofananamo ndi mawonekedwe ndi zofunika zina zambiri zakukula m'munda.
Chitsamba chosatha sichingasinthe mtundu wa maluwa, kuchokera pomwepo padzakhala mtundu womwe udalidi woyamba. Koma ana ake, okulirapo kuchokera ku mbewu, azikhala amitundu yonse, ngati pafupi (pakufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu) pali mbewu zina zamtundu womwewo, koma zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Irena
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/86901/
Ndinazolowera lupins m'dera lathu. Tsopano amatulutsa odzigulitsa, ndikuphunzira kukonzanso tchire lakale. Kupatula apo, zitatha zaka 3-4, nthangala za mbewu zachikulire zimayamba kuchuluka kuchokera pansi, chitsamba chimafooka ndipo palibe kuvala pamwamba kumamuthandizanso. Ndikofunikira kubzala zatsopano, koma kuchokera ku mbewu za mtundu wina zitha kupezeka, chifukwa pali kugawanika kwa amayi. Chapakatikati pa chomera chomwe chimafunidwa, ndimapanga mpeni ndimasiyanitsa ndi chidutswa cha nthangala ndikuchibzala pansi pa mtsuko, ndiye kuti maluwa pachitsamba chatsopano adzakhala ngati chomera.
Sanovna
//www.forumdacha.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3756
Lupine sakonda kupandukira, popeza ali ndi muzu. Chifukwa chake, silifesedwa kudzera mbande. Kumera kwa mbewu kumachitika m'kuwala. Samamulemetsa ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo akadzadzuka, ndiye kuti adzawunjika dziko lapansi.
Nat. Gene
//dv0r.ru/forum/index.php?topic=2233.0
Lupine wosadzimvera ukhoza kukhala pachaka kapena osatha. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe. Zomera zimafunikira chisamaliro chocheperako ndipo zimafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi mbewu ndi njira zamasamba.
