Zinthu zachilendo zimakopa anthu nthawi zonse. Ndipo ngati mitengo yamoyo itakhala mitundu yodabwitsa, ndiye kuti palibe amene angadutse kukongola kosayenerera. Chimodzi mwazinthu zamiyala yazodzikongoletsera zojambulajambula zitha kutchedwa arbosculpture - mitengo yomwe ikukula mwanjira ya mpando wamanja, mawonekedwe a geometric, zokongoletsera zokongola komanso anthu. Koma osasokoneza arbosculpture ndi topiary ndi bonsai. Awa ndi njira zitatu zosiyana, ndipo pali kusiyana kotani pakati pawo - tiwona zitsanzo zapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yosavuta kwambiri yokhala ngati arbosculpture imatha kupangidwa ndi wokhala aliyense wa chilimwe yemwe ali ndi chipiriro komanso kudekha mtima kuti apange, katemera ndi kusamalira mitengo yake yokongola.
Arbosculpture si njira yatsopano. Inapangidwa m'chigawo chachiwiri cha m'ma 1900 ku America. Koma kufikira nthawi imeneyo, mitengo yobzala pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya arbosculpture ndiosowa ku Europe, ndipo ngakhale m'maiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union amaonedwa ngati osowa. Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kudabwitsa anzanu komanso anzanu onse, yesani kupanga mtengo umodzi mwanjira imeneyi.
Osati alendo okha amene amakonda kukhala pampando wamipando woyamba uja, komanso ana awo omwe, omwe amachititsa kukhala masewera
Chomwe chimapangitsa khungu kukhala lopendekeka ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe osangalatsa popanga chomera polimitsa thunthu, ndikupanga nthambi, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, kumalumikiza. Koyamba, njirayi imawoneka ngati bonsai, pomwe palinso mitengo ikuluikulu yokhota. Koma bonsai ndiukadaulo wokulira mitengo yaying'ono ndikusungidwa kwathunthu kwa zizindikiro za zazikulu. Ndipo mu arbotekhnika amapinda mbewuyo mwapadera, ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhoza kuperekedwa ku zikhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito luso lanu. Koma pankhaniyi, mitundu yoyambayo ndi ziwerengero zimapezeka chifukwa chodula masamba ndi masamba ochepa. Ndipo pakukula kwa masamba, masamba samagwira. Ntchito ya wosamalira mundawo ndikusintha mawonekedwe a thunthu, kupindika mafupa, mpaka atakhala ndi nthawi yopumira. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuyesa osati mmera umodzi, koma phatikizani mitengo ya 3,4 kapena kupitilira mu umodzi. Mitengo yake imalumikizidwa ndikumalumikiza, ndipo mitengoyo imachiritsa mabala, ikulimba mwamphamvu kwa wina ndi mnzake ndikupanga zipsera-zophukira pamtunda.
Katemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe opangika a mitengo ingapo, ndipo mawonekedwe a chomera chimodzi amasinthidwa pakukunga thunthu ndi nthambi
Kodi ndi mitengo iti yomwe ili yoyenerera kupezeka arbosculpture?
Kuti mtengowo upirire mosamalitsa mavuto onse omwe mwiniwake angaufotokozere, uyenera uyamba kuzolowera nyengo yamderali. Chifukwa chake kuchokera pamabatani wamba, phulusa la kumapiri, mapu ndi chitumbuwa cha mbalame ndikosavuta kupanga zaluso zazikuluzikulu. Zipatso zimathandizanso kuumbika bwino, koma zimayamba kupanga zokolola pang'ono kuposa nthawi zonse: osati zaka 4-5 (mtengo wa apulo), koma pofika zaka 7.
Ndikwabwino kuyambitsa luso latsopano ndi msondodzi kapena maula. Onsewo amakula msanga, mizu yake bwino ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Ngati mukugula mtengo ku nazale, muyenera kudziwa pomwe idachokera kuti. Ndikwabwino kuti idalimidwa pamidzi.
Mndandanda wathunthu waz mitengo zomwe zimapinda mosavuta zimapezeka mu ma ensaikulopediya a bonsai, popeza njirayi yatchuka kwambiri motero, imafalitsidwa kwambiri pa intaneti. Zowona, tawonani chifukwa chakuti mitengo ndiyofunika kwambiri kuti mitengo ichidwe, pomwe zitsamba zobiriwira zimatulutsanso bonsai.
Mutha kupanga tebulo lotere kuchokera ku mtengo waukulu uliwonse, monga linden, mapulo kapena ngakhale zipatso, zokometsedwa pazomera zazing'ono
Koyambira: Mitundu yosavuta
Mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa arbosculpture ndi mtengo womwe thunthu wake limapindika patani yazizindikiro. Kuti mupeze chozizwitsa chotere, muyenera:
- Gulani sapling ndi thunthu losinthika. (Onani nthawi yogula ndikusunthira pang'ono thunthu kumbali. Ngati thunthu ili ndi nthawi yopundira, yang'anani mmera wachichepere).
- Bzalani mbewuyo osati molunjika, koma ngodya zina (mpaka 30 madigiri) kotero kuti imazika mizu kale ndi bend.
- Yesetsani kupendekera korona wamtengowo ndipo pezani pomwe pali pabwino. Nthawi zambiri malowa amakhala kumtunda, kumunsi kwa thunthu.
- Dulani nthambi zonse pansi pazenera kuti zikhale mphete (pafupi ndi thunthu, popanda stumps).
- Mwa timitengo tiwiri, agwetsani chodutsa popingasa kuti chikhale chotalika 10-20 kuposa mmera, ndipo nsonga yolumikizira timitengo imagwera mpaka 1/3 pamwamba pa chithandizo.
- Kumbani chothandizira m'nthaka kuti thunthuwo likhale pakati pa timitengo.
- Mangani mbande ku ndodo imodzi, kuyambira pakatikati pa chomera mpaka theka lina lomwe latsala. Mangani gawo lotsala mbali inayo ndikuimangiriza ku ndodo yachiwiri, yomwe imayang'ana mbali yoyamba.
- Ngati mbewuyo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ingokhalani pamalo amodzi ndikudikirira miyezi ingapo mpaka itakula m'chigawo chino kuti mudzitha kubwereza.
Mitengo ya mitengo ikhoza kupindika kokha mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, pomwe kutuluka kwayamba mu mtengowo. Kufikira pano, mmera sutha kusinthika ndipo ukhoza kusweka ukamata.
Makoko a thunthu amatha kusiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito chobooka choukika, kukankhira mbali zake patsogolo kapena pafupi mpaka mtengowo
Nthambi zonse za mafupa omwe ali pamwamba pa chigawo choyamba cha thunthu ziyeneranso kupangidwa. Kuti muchite izi, nthambi zamphamvu kwambiri zimasiyidwa pamtengo ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe ofunikira, opindika kulemera kumapeto. Ngati mukufuna chingwe chopingasa kapena cholunjika chotsogozedwa, ndodo zomangirira zimakhomereredwa ku thandizo lalikulu pamalo omwe nthambi imachoka pamtengo, ndipo pakati ndi m'mphepete mwa nthambi zimamangiriridwa.
Mukawona kuti thunthu ndi nthambi zophimbika, zolimba, mutha kuchotsa chimango chothandizira. Makoko a thunthu amatha kupangidwa mwanjira iyi momwe mungafunire, momwe mungasinthire othandizira kuti akhale apamwamba.
Mbale yofikira kumiyala yazipatso
Kuti mitengo yazipatso ikhale yoyenerana ndi malo, mutha kusintha mawonekedwe awo ndikupanga bokosi, maluwa, zopendekera, ozungulira, etc. kuchokera pamtengo. Sikovuta kupanga mwaluso mwaluso, koma muyenera kupanga korona kwa nyengo zingapo.
Gawo 1. Pangani waya
Chinthu choyamba chomwe amaganiza ndi kuti mtengowo ukhale. Tikupangira kuyambira ndi vase. Kuti muchite izi, weldani chimango chachitsulo mu mawonekedwe a vase, kutalika kwake ndi m'lifupi mwake osaposa mita 2 ndikuyika pamalo pomwe mtengo udzale. Chimenechi ndi mphete ya mainchesi kuchokera pansi, pomwe zikhomo zopindika (6-10 zidutswa) zimapita, motsatira mawonekedwe a chotengera.
Kuyambira pamwambapa, zikhomo zonse ndizowotchera pamodzi mothandizidwa ndi ling'i ina yachitsulo, yokhala ndi mainchesi mpaka mita 2. Iyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino kuti chimango chisakwere kapena kugontha pakapita nthawi.
Ngati chimango cha mbale chidapangidwa kukhala chachikulu kuposa mamitala awiri, ndikofunikira kupangira mphete yothandizira pakati kuti mawonekedwe ake azikhala bwino
Gawo 2. Kubzala mmera
Ntchito:
- Pakati pa mphete yamunsi ya chimango, mtengo wabzalidwa. Izi zichitike m'dzinja, kuti mbewuyo imazika mizu.
- Mmera uzikhala pachaka ndi kumalumikizidwa kumtunda wotsalira.
- Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, dulani mutu wonse wam'mera, kusiya 30 cm yokha thunthu.
- Wocotsedwa kwa wochititsa wapakati, i.e pamwamba pamtengowo apereka chiwonjezerochi. Mwa izi, zapamwamba zokha ndizotsala, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi theka la zikhomo zachitsulo za chimango. Ngati muli ndi vaseti ya nkhope 10, siyani nthambi 5, ngati 6 - 3. Amapatsidwa mwayi kuti akule momasuka.
- Nthambi zotsala zimadulidwa kukhala mphete.
- Chilimwe chotsatira, amayang'anira kukula kwa mphukira zazikuluzikulu. Kuti nthambi zikhale ndi makulidwe ofanana, mutha kusintha mphamvuzo mwa kuzimata mbali zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mphukirayo ndi wofooka, yongolani mowongoka momwe mungathere ndikukhazikitsa. Ngati chikuwoneka chambiri kuchokera kwa ena - gwirani mozungulira kuyimitsa kuyenda kwa timadziti.
Gawo 3. Kupanga maziko a mbale yamatabwa
Wocotsedwa kwa wochititsa wapakati, i.e pamwamba pamtengowo apereka chiwonjezerochi. Mwa izi, zapamwamba zokha ndizotsala, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi theka la zikhomo zachitsulo za chimango. Ngati muli ndi vaseti ya nkhope 10, siyani nthambi 5, ngati 6 - 3. Amapatsidwa mwayi kuti akule momasuka. Nthambi zotsala zimadulidwa kukhala mphete.
Chilimwe chotsatira, amayang'anira kukula kwa mphukira zazikuluzikulu. Kuti nthambi zikhale ndi makulidwe ofanana, mutha kusintha mphamvuzo mwa kuzimata mbali zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mphukirayo ndi wofooka, yongolani mowongoka momwe mungathere ndikukhazikitsa. Ngati chikuwoneka chambiri kuchokera kwa ena - gwirani mozungulira kuyimitsa kuyenda kwa timadziti.
Kuti tipeze bwino mawonekedwe a thunthu, nthambi zonse zamtsogolo ziyenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake, kusiya tsinde loyera, lopanda nthambi
Gawo 4. Kupanga waya wamtambo kuchokera kunthambi
M'chaka, nthambi zokhala ndi mafupa zimakulirakulira, ndiye kuti mu nthawi ya masika amazidulira, ndikungosiyira gawo laling'ono lokhala ndi masamba awiri. Zina zimachotsedwa.
Kuyambira masamba awiri mphukira zatsopano zimamera, zomwe zidzakhale nkhope za mbale. Mphukira iliyonse akamakula imakhazikika pazikhomo za chimango kuti ipatse malo okhazikika. Muyenera kutsatira kakulidwe ka mtengo, kudula mbali zakumaso paz nthambi zazikulu za chigoba. Siyani mphukira 3-4 pa mtengo uliwonse "nkhope", ndikudula nsonga zawo kufikira wachiwiri kuyambira pachiyamba. Masamba opangira zipatso adzayamba kupanga pa iwo, ndipo pakapita nthawi, poyatsira wanu adzakutidwa ndi zipatso zowoneka bwino.
Nthambi zazikulu zikamafika kumtunda kwa chimango chothandiziracho ndikulemekezedwa, mutha kuchotsa chitsulo. Kuyambira pano, mtengowo umasungabe mawonekedwe omwe mwapatsidwa, ndipo muyenera kungotchetcha mphukira zowonjezera ndikuletsa kukula kwa nsonga kuti chithunzithunzi chisatayike.
Mitengo yambiri yamitengo yambiri
Ndiosavuta kupanga nyimbo zopangidwa kuchokera ku mitengo ingapo. Mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira kwa kukongola kowoneka bwino kumatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku 4 msondodzi kapena mabatani. Ndipo izi zimachitika mosavuta:
- Chophika. Ndikofunika kuwotchera chitsulo chamtundu wamiyala. Silindayo imakhala ndi mphete zomwezo pansi ndi pamwamba (mpaka mainchesi awiri), ndi zikhomo zinayi pakati pawo. Zikhomo ziyenera kuzilimbikitsidwa motalikirana. Kenako waya wokulirapo amawakutira zikhomo, kuyambira pansi ndikuyiyika pachimake ndikuzungulira kwa madigiri 40-45. Mtunda pakati pa mphete zowonekera ndi 35-40 cm.
- Timabzala ndikudula mitengo. Kenako mitengo 4 pachaka imabzalidwa kunja kwa nyumbayo pamalo omwe zikhomo zothandizira zimakwera pamtunda. Mitengo ikuluikulu imakhazikika zikhomo kuti izitha kukula. Nthambi za mafupa zimangosiyira okhawo omwe ali pamlingo wozungulira, ndikuzimangirira ku waya. Zina zimachotsedwera mphete. Pamtengo wokulirapo wokwanira mita 2 muyenera kukhala ndi nthambi 5 iliyonse. Kuti muwatsogolere - onani kutsekemera. Kumene iyemwini atatsamira mosavuta, pamenepo ndikakonzeka. Pang'onopang'ono, nthambi zimakulungidwa ndi waya wowonekera, ndipo patatha zaka 2-3 zimalemekezedwa. Chotsani mphukira zochoka kunthambi kuti zisafooketse kukula kwa nthambi zazikulu.
Mphekesera yonse ikatsekedwa ndi nthambi, ndipo imakhala yolimba, waya amachotsedwa ndipo chimangocho chimasiyanitsidwa. Kuzimiririka kwamitengo yamphamvuyi kumaonekera pang'onopang'ono, kuchititsa nsanje pakati pa ena.
Mphete yotsika ya chimango siyingachitike ngati zikhomo zam'mbali zayendetsedwa pansi kwambiri kuti zigwire molimba
Monga mudamvetsetsa kuchokera kuzomwe mwalangizidwa, kukhala wosema m'munda mwanu ndizosavuta: muyenera kungokhala ndi chidwi ndi wolandila wabwino amene akupangitsani mafelemu othandizira.
