Phulusa ndi mtengo wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, mitundu yake imakula m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndipo wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kuyambira kale.
Masiku ano, nkhuni zake zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mumalonda, koma kubzala komweko kumagwiritsidwe ntchito mozungulira.
Malonda - kufotokozera
Mtengo ndi wa banja la azitona, kalasi ya bipartite. Lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu malingana ndi dera la kukula. Koma onsewa akuphatikizidwa pamodzi: phulusa ndilo dzina lomwelo. 
Mitengo ya mtundu uwu ili ndi mizu yolimba yomwe ilibe taproot. Makungwawa ali ndi phokoso la phulusa, pafupi ndi dothi lakhala ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono, koma pamwamba pa thunthu ndilosalala. Chombocho chimafika pamtunda ndipo chimachokera pamwamba ndi chokwera kwambiri, chachikulu, chozungulira. Zomwe zinapangidwa kuchokera ku mphukira zakuda zokhota zam'mwamba zimatsogoleredwa pamwamba. Mtengo wa phulusa uli 25-35 m, koma zitsanzo zina zimatha kufika mamita 60.
Mukudziwa? Pofufuza zolemba za dzina la mtengo, Vladimir Dal akunena kuti zimachokera ku liwu lakuti "loyera", "lowala." Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti korona wa mtengo ndi yosavuta, kotero kuwala kwa dzuwa kumawoneka mosavuta.
Zipatso zapadera zimapangidwa zazikulu kuposa zomwe zili kumbali, koma zonse zimakhala zakuda ndi zibokosi zazing'ono. Masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi (40 cm) amakula osalinganizana, moyang'anizana ndi mapepala 7-15 mpaka 4-9 masentimita. Masambawa ali ndi mzere umodzi wokha, wokhazikika, wokhala pamwamba, ndi wobiriwira. Tchulani mitsempha yosautsika pakati ndi mitsempha yoyera yotsika. Shank pamwamba pubescent, grooved, zilembo. Amatsitsa masamba kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira akadali wobiriwira.
Momwe zimakhalira phulusa zimadalira mtundu wina wa mtengo, koma pafupifupi maluwa onse alibe fungo labwino, alibe perianth. Anasonkhanitsa pamodzi ndi masamba omwe alibe masamba. Mafrerescence achikazi amakula motalika kuposa amuna ndikukula limodzi pamtengo womwewo. Komanso pamakhala pali maluwa okwatirana. Choncho, akhoza kukhala ndi pistil imodzi, kapena awiri, stamens, kapena onse awiri panthawi imodzimodzi. Maluwa amapezeka kuyambira April mpaka May, masamba asanaphuke. Maluwa achikazi amatha kupsa kusiyana ndi amuna, choncho mitengo imayambira pamtengo wina.
Phulusa zipatso ndi nsomba zazing'onoting'ono, zooneka bwino kapena zam'mlengalenga, zozungulira pansi ndikukhala pamwamba. Kukula mpaka mamita masentimita 4.5 m'litali. Nkhumbayi ili pafupi theka la kutalika kwa lionfish, oblong, grooved, flat. Bwerani mu September-Oktoba, koma iwo amakhala pa mtengo kwa nthawi yaitali, akugwa pamapeto pa nyengo yozizira kapena masika. M'nyengo yozizira, amadya kwambiri ndi mbalame ndi makoswe.
Mitundu yonse ya phulusa imakhala yosavuta, yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, ngakhale kuti ingavutike ndi chisanu cha masika. Zimamera bwino pa dothi lachonde, posankha nthaka yosalekeza ndi yonyowa. Angakhale ndi moyo zaka 300, koma zipatso ali ndi zaka 25-40. Amakula m'misewu, m'minda, m'mapaki, m'nkhalango, nthawi zambiri ku bayrachny, kawirikawiri mumadzi osefukira.
Mitundu ya phulusa
Mtengo umakula m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Atasintha kwa iwo, pang'ono ndi pang'ono anasintha. Masiku ano, mitengo ya phulusa imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana. Taganizirani zofala kwambiri.
Phulusa Phulusa
Mitunduyi imakula mpaka mamita 30, ngakhale kuti pa nthaka yachonde imatha kufikira mamita 40. Korona wapangidwa pamwamba ndi masewera. Makungwa a mitengo yaying'ono imakhala yosalala-yobiriwira, imvi ndi imvi ndi yokutidwa ndi ming'alu. Kuchokera ku masamba obiriwira akukula masamba a masamba obirira pamasamba ang'ono 7 mpaka 15. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a lanceolate, serrate pamphepete, sessile. M'munsimu muli mthunzi wobiriwira, komanso pamwamba - wobiriwira.
Phulusa lodzaza ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi chifuwa cha bifid ndi ma stamens awiri. Anapangidwa pa mphukira za chaka chatha ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi matabwa. Maluwa amaonekera pamaso pa masamba, mu April-May.
Pogwa pamalo awo pali zipatso-lionfish mpaka 5 masentimita m'litali. Poyamba amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, kenako pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira bulauni ndi kuchapula ndi autumn, koma pitirizani nthambi yonse yozizira.
Phulusa ndi membala wa banja la Olive. Dziko lakwawo limatchedwa Transcaucasus ndi Europe, koma limapezekanso ku North Caucasus, ku Iran. Amakonda dothi laling'ono lachitsulo chosakanikirana ndi nkhalango zakuda. Pambuyo kudula mtengo pa chitsa unapanga zambiri mphukira. Amapezanso ku Crimea ndi kum'mwera mbali ya Ukraine, koma wakula makamaka monga yokongola chomera.
White Ash (Fodya)
Maonekedwe a phulusa imasiyanitsidwa ndi korona yochepetsetsa ya mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi nthambi zabwino. Mtengo nthawi zina umakhala wamtali wa mamita 20. Mbewu zake zimakhala zobiriwira, zodzala ndi bulauni zakuda ndi mabala a mapauni omwe amamveka bwino.
Masamba ovuta amakhala ndi timapepala 5 mpaka 11 mpaka 10 cm m'litali ndi masentimita 4 m'lifupi. Sungani zochepa zofiirira za petioles ndi grooves. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ovoid, spiky, serrate pamphepete. Pansi pake akhoza kukhala osalinganika, odzaza ndi ozungulira pang'ono. Pamwamba muli ndi mthunzi wobiriwira womwe umakhala wowala kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Pansi ndi pamitsinje yayikulu muli tsitsi la brownish.
Mukudziwa? Madzi otsekemera amatuluka kuchokera ku nthambi zowonongeka za mtengo wa phulusa, umene umathamanga mumlengalenga. Ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa mana, chomwe chimakhala chokonzekera mwamphamvu, choyenera kuti munthu azidya mowa ngati mankhwala ofewetsa thupi, omwe amatha kuchiritsidwa kuti akhudze. Lili ndi mannose, shuga, polyatomic alcohol beckons. Mamarmarins alipo pamakungwa ndi maluwa.
Mtengo wa phulusa wa zamoyozi uli ndi mafunde ambiri mpaka kufika 12 cm m'litali, malongosoledwe awo kawirikawiri ndi calyx yobiriwira yagawidwa m'magulu anayi a katatu, ndi mzere wokhala ndi zinayi zamitundu ikuluikulu yomwe ili yayitali kuposa calyx.
Pa ulusi wautali ndi anthers, pistil ili ndi tsankho la magawo awiri, mbali yayitali. Mosiyana ndi anthu ambiri oimira phulusa, mtundu umenewu umatulutsa maluwa pambuyo pake panthawi imodzimodziyo. Zipatso ndi obovoid lionfish oblong mawonekedwe 0,5 masentimita m'lifupi ndi 3 masentimita m'litali. Bwezani kumapeto kwa August.
Mukudziwa? Phulusa imakhala ndi nkhuni zamphamvu, zomwe poyamba zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zowasaka, zida zolimbana. Iwo anapanga magulu, mikondo, ndi uta, zomwe zinali zosiyana ndi mphamvu zawo zokha, komanso chifukwa chokhazikika. Masiku ano, nkhuni imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwakhama. Masewera a baseball, mabilididi, masewera, masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera olimbitsa thupi - izi siziri zonse zopangidwa ndi matabwa a phulusa.
Mitundu imeneyi imapezeka ku Turkey, South Bohemia, Austria, Italy, Spain, ku Balkan, nthawi zina ku Lebanon, Western Syria, ndi Transcaucasia. Zamalonda zimakula kokha ku Sicily.
Ash American
Mtengo wa zamoyozi umakula mpaka mamita 40 mu msinkhu, kupanga korona waukulu wa ovoid. Mbewu yaing'ono imakhala ndi kuwala, imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira womwe uli ndi ubweya wofiirira, umakhala wowala, wofiira kapena wofiirira ndi msinkhu, koma nthawi zambiri kuwala kwa lalanje.
Masamba a phulusa a ku America ndi aakulu, mpaka masentimita 30 m'litali.
Mapepala awo (pafupipafupi, zidutswa 7) ali ndi mitsempha yonse, oblong. Ndimtalika masentimita asanu, masentimita 15. Mtundu wakuda wakuda, wobiriwira wobiriwira pansi, wofewa, ndi mawonekedwe a ma cell ndi mitsempha yovutika. Maluwa okonzeka amakhala ndi pistillate inflorescences, amakula mpaka masentimita 10. Wamphamvu ndi chikho chowoneka bwino. Yambani pamaso pa masamba mu April - May.
Mukudziwa? Zipatso za mtengo ndi mafuta 30%, kotero osati mbalame ndi makoswe okha, komanso anthu amagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya. M'zaka za zana la 18 ku England, zipatso zake zosapsa zinasungidwa ndiyeno zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zakudya zokoma zophika nyama ndi masamba.
Phulusa imapanga chipatso monga mawonekedwe a centimita kutalika kwa 3.4 masentimita, mtedza ndi pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwake. Kuyambira mwezi wa August kufikira mwezi wa Oktoba, kufalikira kuyambira September mpaka November pamene akukula.
Ash Lanceolate (Green)
Ngakhale mitengo yamtunduwu imakula mpaka mamita 15 m'lifupi, imapanga chomera champhamvu, chokongola, chokwera pamwamba, chokweza masamba omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda kapena lakuda. Masamba osiyana-siyana amaonekera kale kuposa mitundu ina ya zamoyo ndikuyamba mofulumira.
Chikhalidwe cha phulusa la mitundu iyi sichinthu chosiyana ndi maluwa okongola. Zili pamapeto a mphukira zafupikitsidwa mwa mawonekedwe a panicles kapena magulu, zimaonekera pamaso pa masamba. Kumalo awo amapangidwa zipatso - mapiko a mapiko kapena achenes.
Ndikofunikira! Phulusa imakula mofulumira, imatha kutalika kwa mamita 60. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pafupifupi zaka za mtengo ndi zaka 300-350. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha malo obzala, kuti mtengo usasokoneze ndi zomera kapena nyumba zina m'kupita kwa nthawi.
North America amaonedwa kuti ndi dziko lakwawo, kumene idalimidwa m'zaka za zana la 18 ndikufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Amakula pamtunda wambiri, m'mabanki a malo osungiramo zida, m'mapiri ovuta. Imakula mofulumira ndipo imakonda malo otseguka, dothi lonyowa ndi kashiamu. Kwa chaka chitha kuwonjezera 45 cm mu msinkhu. Ndi chisanu, okhwima mitengo mosavuta kulekerera frosts mpaka -40 ° С. Koma pa nthawi yomweyi masika a chisanu akhoza kuvulaza. Kudzala phulusa pa webusaitiyi, onani kuti iye sakonda kudulira.
Kuthamangitsidwa
Mtengo wovutawu umakula mpaka mamita 25 m'kukwera, kupanga korona wapamwamba kwambiri. Ndili wandiweyani, omwe sali wofanana ndi phulusa. Dothi lobiriwira lobiriwira potsirizira pake limasintha mtundu wa makungwa mpaka mdima wakuda.
Amasiya masambawa mpaka 25 cm m'litali, pinnate, yovuta. Wopangidwa kuchokera masamba a 7-15 zidutswa mpaka 8 masentimita yaitali. Pansi pake ndi yopapatiza, zooneka ngati mphete, mawonekedwe ndi lanceolate, nsongayo imayambira. Mphepete ndi serrate, lighter pansi, mdima wandiweyani. Anasiya zaka, pafupifupi zowonongeka, sasile yokonzedwa mosiyana ndi awiriwa.
Maluwa amawonekera pa mphukira za chaka chatha. Musakhale ndi perianth, mukukula mumphuno ya zipsera zamatchi.
Iwo samawoneka mu April, monga mtengo wa phulusa nthawi zambiri ukuphulika, kuweruza mwa kufotokoza kwa mitundu ina, koma mu Meyi. Choncho chisanu chowonongeka ndi chosowa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Phulusa yamchere imakhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera. Zingayambitse kukhudzana ndi dermatitis.
Zipatso - lionfish mpaka 4 cm m'litali. Khalani ndi nsonga yakuthwa kapena yozungulira, oblong. Chisa cha mbewu chimakhala ndi theka la kutalika kwa cape. Zipatsozo ndizowonjezereka, zowonongeka, zakucha mu September.
Amakula makamaka kumwera kwa Ulaya ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Ili ndi zotsatira zokongola kwambiri.
Fluffy phulusa
Dzina lina la phulusa ili ndi pennsylvania. Amakula mpaka mamita 20 m'kukwera kwake, kupanga chokongoletsera chokongola cha mawonekedwe osasintha. Mkati mwake imadutsa mamita 12. Mphukira yaying'ono ya mtengo uwu imamva pubescence ndipo ili ndi makungwa ofiira a bulauni.
Kodi tsamba la phulusa la mitundu iyi likuwoneka bwanji? Izi ndi masamba 5-9, omwe amajambula mdima wochokera pamwamba, ndipo ali ndi mthunzi wobiriwira wochokera pansipa. Ngakhale mu kugwa, iwo pafupifupi samakhala achikasu, ndipo amagwa mobiriwira. Maluwa a chomera ndi achikasu, otumbululuka, mawonekedwe ozungulira. Mtengo umakula mofulumira. Kwa chaka chitha kuwonjezera 30 cm m'lifupi ndi 50 cm mu msinkhu. Amakhala pafupifupi zaka 350.
Mitunduyo imayenera kukulira mumdima komanso m'nthaka yachonde. Mtengo ukusowa chinyezi, choncho amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo ndi chisanu chosagonjetsedwa, koma kumpoto zingadwale ndi chisanu. Dziko lakwawo limaonedwa kuti ndi North America.
Manchurian Ash
Kuchokera kumene zamoyozi zinayambira, sizili zovuta kuganiza. Manchuria amaonedwa kuti ndi dziko lawo, komanso Korea, China, ndi Japan. Amakonda nkhalango zosakaniza ndi zowonjezera, amakonda malo ozungulira Japan, poplar Maksimovic. Amakonda nthaka yachonde, yomwe imakula mofulumira kwambiri. Avereji ya zaka ndi 350.
Ili ndi mtengo wa dioecious, womwe uli ndi maluwa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, ngakhale nthawi zina pali zibwenzi zozizwitsa ndi 2-4 stamens. Lili ndi thunthu lolunjika, limene nthambi zimangokhala zikukula mmwamba. Kutalika kumatha kufika mamita 35, kukula kwake kwa thunthu - mpaka mamita 1.5. Amakhazikitsa korona yokwera kwambiri. 
Makungwa omwe ali ndi ming'alu yaing'ono ndi nthiti za longitudinal ali ndi makulidwe a 3-5 cm, bulauni kapena imvi. Mphukira yaying'ono imakhala yokutidwa ndi khungu lakuda kapena lakuda. Maluwawo amawonekera, pafupifupi wakuda. Masamba apange timapepala 7-15 mpaka upakati wa 9 cm mpaka 12 cm kutalika. Zili ndi nsonga zooneka ngati mphete, zofiira komanso zowonongeka.
Koma masamba asanatuluke pamtengo, maluwawo amamasula. Zikuwonekera mu Meyi, ndipo pofika pa September zipatso zimawoneka m'malo awo - izi ndizopanda karolatki 10 mm m'lifupi ndi 40 mm m'litali ndi mbewu yowonongeka. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yokolola ali wobiriwira, ndipo pamapeto pake amasintha bulauni.
Phulusa wakuda
Amagawidwa kumadera akummawa kwa North America, kumene amadzaza kwambiri mabanki a mitsinje ndi nyanja. Amakonda malo osokoneza a mathithi, malo oyeretsa sakhala opangidwa kawirikawiri. Choncho, kuchepa kwa madzi si koopsa kwa iye. Pakafika zaka zisanu, mtengo umakula mamita 1.9 mmwamba, pamene zomera zachinyamata zimakula mofulumira. Ali ndi mkulu wozizira hardiness. Sili pachimake.
Kawirikawiri, ziribe kanthu mtundu wa phulusa, umtengo wapatali wa mitengo yake yolimba ndi yokongola. Mdima wakuda ndi wofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha mtundu wake wodabwitsa wa nkhuni - ndithudi, umakhala wakuda kwambiri. Koma nthawi yomweyo ndi yowala komanso yosasuntha. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazokongoletsa malo.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa phulusa mumapangidwe a malo
Chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo okongola kwambiri, phulusa siligwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pofuna kubwezeretsa chakudya kapena kuteteza zakudya, komanso kugwiritsira ntchito matabwa m'zinthu zamatabwa, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito zokongoletsera za nkhuni zomwe zikuwoneka bwino mu malo olima maluwa. Popeza zimaloledwa bwino m'malo okhala ndi dothi loipitsidwa, dothi lophatikizidwa, nthawi zambiri limabzalidwa m'misewu, m'mapaki ndi m'minda.
Kawiri kawiri pamapeto pake amagwiritsira ntchito phulusa wamba yomwe imayang'ana pamsewu. Koma m'malo oipitsidwa kwambiri, lanceolate amawoneka bwino kwambiri. Komanso, zikuwoneka zokongola kwambiri. Fluffy phulusa ndi yabwino kumidzi. Ndi zophweka kusunga, amawoneka okongola kwambiri m'mitsinje yonse, pamene zimadziweketsa.
Phulusa la ku America limakongoletsera, koma nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi tizirombo. Kutsekeka kwapang'ono ndi kofunika kwa kukula kwake mofulumira ndi kukula kwakukulu, komwe kungapindule ngati kusamalidwa bwino. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi yokha, komanso pamodzi ndi zomera zina zosavuta.
Phulusa ili ndi mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yomwe ikukula padziko lonse lapansi. Mtengowo ndi wamtengo wapatali chifukwa chokongoletsera, chifukwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama. Mitengo ina yokongoletsera imabzalidwa osati m'mapaki komanso m'misewu, koma inanso.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi nkhuni zake, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizokhalitsa, zimasintha, komanso zimakhala zowopsya. Chofunika kwambiri cha mtengo ndi chakuti chimalekerera chilengedwe choipitsidwa ndipo sichimafuna kuti chisamalire.
