Astilba - wokonda minda yamithunzi: kubzala malamulo ndi malingaliro osamalira

Mtundu: Saxifrage
Nthawi Y maluwa: Juni, Julayi, Ogasiti
Kutalika: 8-200cm
Mtundu: pinki, burgundy, lilac, woyera-chipale
Osayamba
Nyengo
Wamanyazi
Kukonda

Chitsamba chosangalatsa chamtunduwu chimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa ndi okonda novice chifukwa cha maluwa ake obiriwira. Ndipo dzina lake, lomwe linachokera pakuphatikizidwa kwa mawu awiriwa "a" ndi "stilbe", ndizotsimikizira bwino izi, m'Chigiriki, zimawonetsera kuti "wanzeru kwambiri." Kubalaza tchire kumawoneka modabwitsa ngakhale kumapeto kwa maluwa - masamba obiriwira osiyanitsidwa amakhalabe okongola nthawi yonse ya munda. Mukakonzekera kuyambitsa zachilendo zanu nokha, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungabzalire moyenera ndikuusamalira nyenyezi. Kudziwa zanzeru komanso zovuta za kusamalira chikhalidwe chodziwikirachi, mutha kupanga nyimbo zokongola zachilengedwe.

Pansi pazachilengedwe, Astilba imamera m'nkhalango zowuma za North America ndi East Asia, zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yanyontho.

Astilba ndiwokondedwa ndi minda yamithunzi, yokongoletsedwa ndi inflorescence yochititsa chidwi, yosungidwa kuchokera ku maluwa ambiri otseguka a lilac, lilac, pinki ndi mithunzi yoyera chipale chofewa.

Mtengowo uli ndi nthambi zowonda, zomwe kutalika kwake, kutengera mitundu, zimatha kufika mita imodzi ndi theka ndipo pamwamba pake.

Mtengo wa mitengo yake pachaka umapanga masamba atsopano, womwe umachokera mchaka, umamwalira ndi nyengo yozizira. Kukula kwa pachilimwe cha nthambizo palokha kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 5. Mukugwa, nthawi iliyonse mizu yomwe idayamba chilimwe ndikudziwulula imakonkhedwa ndi dothi lachonde.

Zoyambira zosatha zimakongoletsedwa ndi zipatso zokongola za cirrus, masamba opendekeka kapena okhala ndi masamba amtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Ndipo mawonekedwe apical inflorescences a piramidi, otopa kapena a Rhomboid amamaliza chithunzicho, kusangalatsa maluwa mkati mwa nyengo kwa masiku 25 mpaka 40. Maluwa atamasulidwa, maluwa omwe amatengedwa m'makankhidwe amapanga mabokosi azipatso azodzaza njere zazing'ono.

Astilbe pakupanga kwamunda

Astilba yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso utoto wolemera wa inflorescence, opanga amaigwiritsa ntchito kuti athe kuzindikira malingaliro olimba mtima kwambiri.

Tchire la Astilbe likuwoneka koyenerera kumbali ya mapiri okongola a mapiri kapena malo obzala a conifers omwe ali ndi masamba obiriwira abwino

Kulima ndi astilbe nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizidwa pakupanga madamu okumba, kubzala osatha monga maziko osungirako. Mabelu, geyhera, daylilies amatha kupanga zowonjezera pazokongola zokongola.

Mosangalatsa, amawonekanso m'maluwa. Malo oyandikana nawo amatha kupezeka pobzala ma fern okonda mchenga ndi omwe amakhala pafupi ndi nyenyezi. Zosakhazikika mitundu yamaluwa okongola amenewa ndi chokongoletsera chenicheni cha dimba laling'ono lamaluwa. Chapakatikati, pomwe masamba pa astilbe sanatulutse, malo opanda kanthu okuzungulirawo m'munda wamaluwa amatha kudzazidwa ndi ng'ona zazing'ono komanso chipale chofewa.

Zomera zokhala ndi masamba akulu akulu zimathandizira kuwona masamba otseguka a osatha: hoste, rogers, zofukiza, cuff, zogulidwa, maluwa a m'chigwa, hellebore

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa kutchuka kwa nyenyezi ya nyenyezi ndi kuthekera kwake kuyendayenda mumthunzi wamitengo. Amakhala womasuka ngakhale pamthunzi, sasiya kusangalala ndi maluwa okongola. Makina odulidwa, ma inflorescence okongola a nyenyezi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza maluwa komanso kupanga maluwa.

Mitundu yotchuka ya astilbe

Pakukongoletsa dimba, pali mitundu pafupifupi 200 ya zakuthambo, yopangidwa pamtundu wa mitundu khumi ndi iwiri. Magulu otchuka a haibridi ndi awa: a astilba aku Japan, Arends, tsamba ndi China.

Japonica hybrida

Zophatikiza zanyenyezi zaku Japan zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 40-80. Mapikowo amakongoletsedwa ndi masamba omwe ali ndi chokongoletsera, mtundu womwe umayambira wobiriwira wobiriwira mpaka wofiirira. Ma inflorescence amtundu wa rhomboid amajambulidwa mu rasipiberi, ofiira ndi oyera mithunzi.

Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri: "Montgomery" yokhala ndi burgundy inflorescence, "Rheinland" yokhala ndi mantha a pink-salmon hue, "Deutschland" white infly inflorescence

Mitengo yamitundu yambiri ya gululi imaphukira kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Ngakhale atayanika, amasunga kukongoletsa kwawo, kukongoletsa dimba la maluwa mpaka nthawi yozizira.

Arendsii hybrida

Mtunduwu umatchedwa dzina la wolemba wawo G. Arends ndipo umaimiridwa ndi mitundu 40. Kutalika kwa mbewu zazing'anga kumafikira 0,6-1 m. Zimayambira ndizokongoletsedwa ndi masamba obiriwira amdera omwe ali ndi malire a burgundy, ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena mawonekedwe a conical, komanso ma inflorescence ochititsa chidwi a kirimu, achikasu ndi pinki mithunzi.

Mitundu yokongoletsa kwambiri ndi iyi: Boogie Woogie wokhala ndi inflorescence yapinki ya diamondi, Gloria wokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino ndi mapinki otuwa a pinki, Liliput wanthawi yayitali wokhala ndi maluwa a pinki-salmon

Stilbe simplicifolia

Masamba ooneka ngati masamba samalola kuti kuzikhala kotentha. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba obiriwira osasinthika okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso mawonekedwe achilendo a piramidi ofanana ndi mapangidwe obowola.

Mitundu yokongola kwambiri ya gululi: "Bronze Elegans" yokhala ndi zotumphukira zamkuwa, "Straussenfeder" wokhala ndi maluwa owala a korali, "Praecox Alba" wokhala ndi "makandulo" oyera oyera

Astilbe chinensis

Katswiri wa zakuthambo waku China ali ndi mpweya wamphamvu, womwe umachotsa mbewu zoyandikana ndikamakula. Zithunzi zosatha, zomwe kutalika kwake kusaposa 110 cm, zimakongoletsedwa ndi masamba otseguka omwe amakongoletsedwa ndi tsitsi loonda la golide, komanso maluwa owala a maluwa oyera, a lilac ndi a pinki.

Mitundu yokongola kwambiri imaganiziridwa: "Masomphenya Ofiira" okhala ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wamaluwa ndi maluwa ofiira a lilac, "Masomphenya mu Pinki" okhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso mapinimidwe apinki opepuka, "Purpurlanze" wokhala ndi maluwa ofiirira pamitengo yofiirira.

Kukongoletsa madera akutali, ndibwino kuti musankhe zikhalidwe zamitundu yayitali. Amalimbana kwambiri ndi nyengo yovuta.

Mitundu yambiri yazikhalidwe amagawika m'magulu:

Chingwe - mpaka 30cm.
Kutsika - mpaka 60 cm.
Srednerosly - mpaka 90 cm.
Wamtali - mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa osatha iyi imasiyana m'maluwa: oyambawo amatulutsa kale m'mwezi wa June, ma hybrids oyambira apakati amatulutsa zonunkhira bwino pakati pa chilimwe, ndipo maluwa omwe amachedwa kutulutsa maluwa amakongoletsa mundawo ndi "miyuni" yokongola kumapeto kwa nyengo.

Njira zofalitsira zamtsogolo

Mu malo amodzi, shrub imatha kukula mpaka zaka zisanu, pambuyo pake imayenera kupangidwanso. Mphukira zimafalikira kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira komanso kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pogwiritsa ntchito masamba kapena mbewu m'njira imeneyi.

Njira # 1 - zomasulira

Njirayi imaphatikizapo kugawa nthambizo m'magawo awiri, omwe ali ndi tsinde lomwe limazirala ndi tulo. Zomera zongomera zokha, zomerazo zingabzalidwe nthawi iliyonse. Chachikulu ndikupereka chinyezi chokwanira m'masiku oyamba pambuyo pa kukokoloka.

Mabasi amazika mizu nthawi yamaluwa, pokhapokha ngati chinyontho chomwechi chikuwonedwa.

Momwe zimapangidwira, nthambalala yokhala ndi mbewa imakumbidwa pansi, ndikutsuka m'madzi ndikuigawa m'magawo angapo pogwiritsa ntchito secateurs kapena mafosholo

Chimbudzi chija chiyenera kugawidwa kuti pachilichonse chodulidwa chikhale ndi masamba okhawo atatu, omwe mabowo achichepere amapita.

Kukula kwa chiwembu sikofunika, kudzakhala kokwanira komanso gawo la rhizome 3-5 cm.Obzalidwa patali pafupifupi 30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Nyengo yotsatira, minda yomwe idabzalidwa imakangalika ndikukula ndi kupasuka kwamphamvu.

Njira # 2 - mbewu

Njirayi ndi yotopetsa, koma imakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera. Sungani mbewu kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, ndikudula mosamala ma inflorescence ndi mabokosi. Amayikidwa papepala ndikusiyidwa pamalo otentha kwa milungu iwiri. Kuti mupeze nandolo yaying'ono kwambiri, ingogwedezani mapiko owuma. Mbewu zokolola zimayikidwa mu thumba ndikusiyidwa mpaka kuphukira.

Mukakulitsa michere ya nthangala, mbewu zobzala zimabzalidwa mu Okutobala - Marichi m'mbale zodzala ndi peat ndi mchenga, zomwe zimatengedwa pa 3: 1.

Mbeu za Astilbe ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimamera pang'onopang'ono, motero ndikofunika kuti muzipangitse zokha

Mbewu zimabalalika pamtunda wonyowa komanso wokutidwa ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki wokutira. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chinyezi, osalola dothi kuti lisaume. Olima ena amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito "chipale chofewa" kuchokera mufiriji, yomwe imanyowetsa nthaka pang'onopang'ono ndikasungunuka.

Mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha masabata 3-4, koma kumapeto kwa nyengo amapanga masamba obiriwira a masamba. Mbande zathanzi lamadzi ziyenera kusamala kwambiri, ndikuwongolera mtsinje woonda wamadzi pansi pazu.

Ngati tchire tating'onoting'ono sitikumana pamodzi, sitingasokonezeke mpaka nthawi yamasika. Nthochi zokhwima kuchokera ku nthangala zidzakomera maluwa mchaka chachitatu chodzala.

Malamulo okhathamiritsa a Astilba

Mbewuyi imakula bwino pamadothi omasuka komanso pang'ono acidic. Ndikotheka kutsitsa acidity pamlingo wofunikira mkati mwa 5.5-6.5 pH powonjezera phulusa la nkhuni kapena ufa wa dolomite mukakumba.

Astilba imakonda malo omata omwe ali patali kwambiri kuchokera kumiyala yofalikira ya mitengo. Njira yabwino ndi mthunzi wowala.

Mukamasankha malo, muyenera kuyang'ana pa nthawi ya maluwa. Mitundu yoyambilira komanso mochedwa ikhoza kuyikidwa m'malo otseguka komanso mthunzi wocheperako. Zomera zam'mimba ndizobzalira bwino m'makona osinthika, chifukwa kutentha kwa mwezi wa Julayi kumachepetsa nthawi ya maluwa awo.

Zosatha ndizoyenera kuyika mwanjira yoti muulemerero wake wonse osati ma inflorescence otseguka, koma masamba ake okongola amawonekera

Ma Astilbe ndi hydrophilic m'chilengedwe. Mitundu yambiri imakhala momasuka pamadothi omata, posunthira madzi osadekha.

Dzenjelo lidadzaza theka ndi humus, lomwe limasakanizika ndi dothi. Kukhala kofunikira kuyambitsa feteleza wachilengedwe, kuwatenga pa zidebe ziwiri za manyowa pa 1 sq.m. feteleza. Dothi lolemeretsedwa. Atadikirira mpaka atakhuta kwathunthu, amadzala chomera ndikuwawaza ndi nthaka kuti makulidwe osanjikiza omwe ali pamwamba pamtengowo ali pafupifupi 4 cm.Dothi lozungulira dengalo limapangidwa ndipo, kupatula kupangika kwa mpweya m'nthaka, kumathiridwanso.

Malangizo Amisamalidwe

Kuti muchepetse kusamalidwa kwa maluwa, ndikokwanira kutsatira malingaliro angapo osavuta:

Nthawi yamasamba, idyani ndi feteleza wovuta. Ndikothekanso kupereka muzu wosanjikiza dothi ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous mukakumba mu kasupe, ndikuyika muyeso wa 30g / sq.m. Pakati pa Julayi, amadyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu nitrate (supuni ziwiri pa 10 malita a madzi) ndipo kuvala kotsiriza komaliza kutulutsa kumalizidwa ndi superphosphate, ndikugawa 20 g pachitsamba chilichonse.
Chitani nthawi yake kuthirira. Chomera chokonda chinyezi sichimalola chilala kwanthawi yayitali. Pamasiku otentha a chilimwe, muyenera kuthiririra mpaka kawiri patsiku. Chikhalidwe chimafunika kuthilira kwambiri pakapangidwe ka inflorescence. Ndikwabwino kuthirira astilba m'mawa kwambiri dzuwa litalowa.
Multi dothi. Kulowetsa malo obzalidwa ndi mitengo yamakungwa kapena zomata kumathandizira kuti nthaka isungunuke komanso kuchepetsa chinyontho. Mulch aletsa nthaka kuti isatenthe kwambiri nthawi yotentha komanso mizu yozizira m'miyezi yozizira.
Zaka zisanu zilizonse, bweretsani chitsamba. Kutha kwa chomera kufalikira msanga kumafunikira kukonzanso nthawi zina kuthengo. Kumapeto kwa nyengo iliyonse, ma rhizomes opanda kanthu amayenera kuwazidwa ndi dothi latsopano. Kupanda kutero, achinyamata akuwombera ndi mizu yakale kukhala yowuma ndi youma, yomwe, imakhudza mtundu komanso kutalika kwa maluwa.
Menyani tizirombo. Nematode ndi pennies a slobbery ndiye tizirombo tambiri tomwe timayambira. Zimakhudza masamba ndi mizu ya mbewu, kupangitsa kufinya kwake ndi kufa. Mutha kuchotsa nematode pokhapokha mutangowononga machitidwe omwe anakhudzidwa. Ma pennies ndizosavuta pang'ono. Mphutsi zake zimatha kuyesedwa kuti ziwonongedwe mwamakaniko, osavulaza mizu ndi zimayambira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito umagwirira kumunda: confidor, actara, karbofos.
Pambuyo maluwa, chepetsa peduncle. Koma alimi ena, kusiyanitsa, amasiya maluwa owuma bwino kuti azikongoletsa dimba lamasika nthawi yayitali.
Valani mbewuyo nthawi yachisanu. M'nthawi ya chipale chofewa, zipatso zambiri zamaluwa zimayamba kuzizira. Kuti mupewe izi isanayambike nyengo yozizira, zimayambira zimadulidwa pansi, mizu yopanda kanthu imayatsidwa ndi peat ndikuphimbidwa ndi nthambi zonona zolimba.

M'tsogolomu, chomera cholimba chimalimbana ndi namsongole pazokha - mizu yake yamphamvu imagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri.