Kusamalira masika pakubzala sitiroberi

Strawberry (sitiroberi zamtchire) - mabulosi ndiwokoma, athanzi komanso okondedwa ndi ambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, ndi chomera chosasangalatsa komanso chofunikira kuti chizitsatira poyambira kumapeto kwa masika, apo ayi wolima sadzaona zokolola zambiri, ndipo mbewu zomwezo siziyenera kuwerengeka popanda kusamalidwa ndipo zimakhala zodetsa nkhawa kwa tizirombo ndi matenda.

Dzukani, sitiroberi: njira zoyambirira zosamalirira

Kuti tchire la sitiroberi liwuke “ku nthawi yozizira” ndikuyamba kukhazikika, ndithudi, kufunda ndikofunikira. Ngati kuphukira kumayambika, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimayamba kumera kale. Koma zinthu zachilengedwe zokha sizokwanira kukwaniritsa bwino mabulosi abwinowa. Wosamalira mundawo ayenera kulimbikira.

Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino zamtunduwu, muyenera kuyamba kuzisamalira, chipale chofewa chikangogwa

Chisanu chikangosungunuka ndi nthaka ikauma mokwanira kuti mutha kukafika pamabedi a sitiroberi, ntchito yotere imayamba:

1. Kuyeretsa kozungulira. M'madera ambiri, kupatula kumwera, sitiroberi zimasungidwa nthawi yozizira kuti ziziteteza kuzizira. Pokhala ndi chophimba (cholowera), amachita izi:
   • Ngati mapesi a chimanga, masamba, udzu udagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti, mbali zina za mbewu, zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Osatinanso milu ya kompositi, kapena mulch, sioyeneranso: mwina adapeza pobisalira kapena nthenga zambiri za bowa, kapena tizilombo - okonda kudya majeremusi. Chovomerezeka kuti "chisaswedwe" mulch chowola kuti chisale, ngati mwininyumbayo akutsimikiza kuti panali tizirombo tambiri pa sitiroberi chaka chatha ndipo adalimbana nawo bwino. Pakutsegula koyamba, mulch iyi imakonkhedwa pang'ono ndi dziko lapansi, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
   • Ngati sitiroberi idakutidwa ndi kanema, ndiye kuti iyenera kutetezedwa. Zidutswa zing'onozing'ono zimatsukidwa ndikusungidwa munsalu ya mkuwa wa sulfate, chloroxide, ndi malo okukhalamo timayala, kutsukidwa bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi kenako nkuthilidwa ndi fungicides yemweyo. Kanema wouma, wowuma amatha kuphimba mabedi mukakonzeka.
2. Ntchito yoyeretsa. Kuyambira pansi pa chipale chofewa, tchire la sitiroberi limawoneka lopanda kanthu, lomwe limakhala ndi masamba owuma, zotsalira za masharubu, mwina m'malo ena panali maulendo opindika. Zigawo zonse za mbewuzi zimachotsedwanso, koma osang'ambika, koma kudulidwapo ndi zometa za m'munda ndikuwonongeka. Izi zitha kuchitidwa osati kuwotcha, komanso kukumba, makamaka kutali ndi mabedi a sitiroberi. Malingaliro a olima m'minda ndi alimi ena "Zonse zomwe zili kompositi" za sitiroberi sizabwino ndipo zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri, chifukwa mabulosiwa ndiwosakhwima kwambiri ndipo kompositiyi imayenera kukhala ndi zovulaza zokha.
   

   Masamba owuma ndi zotsalira masharubu ayenera kudulidwa mosamala ndi ma secateurs ndikuwonongeka

3. Mabedi akatsukidwa ndipo tchire likakhala loyera, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuthandizidwa kuti zitsimikizike bwino. Kunenepa kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu, kuphatikiza, ngati tchire la sitiroberi silikhala ndi mpweya wabwino, titha kuwopsezedwa ndi zowola ndi zoyera za chipatso. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zonse zokhala ndi zizindikiro za kudwala, kusinthika, kufalikira kumachotsedwa, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zimagulidwa kapena zowetedwa chaka chatha kuchokera kumayendetsedwe zimabzalidwa mwaulere. Mahatchi oyenera:
   • mzere umodzi (mzere wa 50-60 masentimita kuchokera pamizere ndi 20-30 cm pamzere pakati pa mbewu);
   • mizere iwiri (20 cm pakati pa tchire, 30 cm pakati pa mizere, 70 pakati pa mabedi).
     

     Kubzala pambuyo 15 masentimita angapo mumagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera, popeza mitundu yambiri ya sitiroberi, yomwe imawoneka pamsika nthawi zonse, imakhala ndi rosette yamphamvu yamphamvu ndikupereka mbewu ziwiri pachaka, motero, amafunika malo akulu odyetserako chakudya.

4. Kusintha ndi kuchulukitsa nthaka. Omwe alimi ena amalangiza kuti achotsepo dothi lapamwamba kuti mizu yake ikhale bwino. Koma masamba obzala m'munda ali ndi vuto: pakapita nthawi, limayamba "kuchulukira" kuchokera m'nthaka, chifukwa chake limafunikira kuwonjezeredwa m'nthaka yatsopano, yachonde kusiyana ndikuchotsa yakale. Chifukwa chake, nthaka imasulidwa ndikuwonjezeredwa manyowa, inunda (pachidebe chilichonse pa mita).
   

   Ngati mizu ya mbeuyo ilibe kanthu, muyenera kuwadzaza ndi dothi labwino kapena manyowa

5. Ngati dothi latha kupukuta, lisanakhazikitse bedi limathiriridwa madzi ambiri.
   

   Pakatikati, ndikofunikira kuthirira sitiroberi - izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa masamba

Feteleza ndi mulching

Mukamafesa manyowa, chinthu chachikulu sikuti kungochulukitsa, apo ayi vutolo limakhala looneka bwino kuposa labwino. Ngati bedi libzalidwe mu kugwa, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chodyetsa mbewuzo - feteleza anagona nthawi yobzala adzakhala wokwanira kudyetsa maluwa.

Manyowa atsopano sangathe kubweretsedwa masika. Choyamba, kuchulukitsa kwake kumapangitsa kuti masamba a sitiroberi azimera masamba, osabala zipatso. Kachiwiri, kuchokera ku zitsamba za ammonia zowonjezera "zimatha". Ndipo chachitatu, feteleza wa nayitrogeni ambiri amapangitsa kuti mabulosi a munda azitenga matenda. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti feteleza wa sitiroberi sitifunikira. Kudyetsa kwa nayitrogeni kumatha kuchitika kuchokera ku mullein potenga theka la lita imodzi ya feteleza mu ndowa, kapena kuchokera kumiyala ya mbalame (gawo limodzi mpaka magawo 15 amadzi, osati zochulukirapo). Mullein kunena maola 3-4, kuwotcha kukonzekera sikofunikira. Pansi pa chitsamba, kutsanulira mpaka 0,5 l yankho.

Mutha kudyetsa mabulosi a feteleza ndi feteleza wapadera, ndi mchere komanso michere

Zofunika! Musakuchulukitsire kuthirira ngati madzi othirira ndi manyowa asafe okhala ndi nayitrogeni, kuti musalimbikitse kukula kwa masamba ambiri ndikusokoneza zipatso.

Kudyetsa ndi phulusa limodzi ndi superphosphate kudzalowanso feteleza wovuta. Magalasi awiri a phulusa ndi superphosphate ochepa m'milita 10 yamadzi adzakhutitsa mbewuzo ndi zinthu zina. Phulusa limathandiza mu sitiroberi komanso pouma. Chotseka, chitha kubalalika mu kanjira, komanso tchire lachi mungu, potero kuwateteza ku nsabwe za m'masamba ndi alendo ena osapemphedwa.

Omwe amakonda mankhwala azachilengedwe amayenera kusamala ndi yisiti pakudya (kuchokera ku chakudya chonyowa m'madzi), yankho la 1 lita imodzi ya Whey mumtsuko, kapena kulowetsedwa kwa nettle ndi namsongole. Zitsamba zakutchire izi zimasungidwa m'madzi kwa masiku 4-5, ndikuwotchera, kenako ndikuthirira sitiroberi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpaka lita imodzi ya kulowetsedwa pansi pa chitsamba.

Pambuyo pa zinthu zonse za agrotechnical, nthaka yomwe ili pabedi la sitiroberi iyenera kuzikika ndi zida zachilengedwe kapena zokumba:

• kanema;
• nsalu yopanda;
• utuchi;
• udzu wosankhidwa;
• udzu wowuma
• kompositi;
• tsamba humus.

Mulch imathiridwa ndi wosanjikiza wa 4-7 masentimita, koma osati kwambiri kuti asasokoneze kutentha kwadzuwa ndi dzuwa

Kumpoto komwe kudalirako sitiroberi, zopyapyala za mulch zowazidwa mchaka ziyenera.

Timalimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda

Popeza sitiroberi ndimakoma komanso athanzi, osati eni eni munda, komanso tizilombo tambiri, komanso aulesi, amafuna kusangalala ndi zipatso zake. Ndipo matenda a fungal siachilendo kwa iye. Monga momwe mukudziwira, matendawa ndi osavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiza, ndipo sitiroberi timasiyana. Ndipo posachedwa kupewera kuchitika, kumakhala kopambana.

Gome: Tizilombo ta sitiroberi komanso tiziromboti

Matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amakhudza sitiroberi ndi awa:

• imvi ndi yoyera;
• verticillosis;
• Fusarium
• ufa wowuma.

Awa ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa, ndipo njira zowawongolera ndiofanana. Popeza tikulankhula za nthawi zoyambira kukonzanso, pomwe pali nthawi yambiri isanafike maluwa, komanso kwambiri zipatso zisanakhazikike, njira zamakemitetezo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma kufunikira kwa wowerengeka azitsamba sikungathe kuchepetsedwa, nthawi zina amapulumutsa mbewuzo.

Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kupewa matenda kumachitika mwa njira izi:

• Fundazole
• Horus
• Topazi
• Fitosporin.

Ambiri wamaluwa amalangiza kuthirira tchire sitiroberi ndi madzi otentha ndi potaziyamu permanganate - izi zimasakaza nyengo yachisanu pachitsamba ndi tizirombo zingapo, yeretsani mbewuyo ku matenda. Madzi sayenera kukhala madzi otentha, koma pafupifupi 70-80 ° C.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa: matenda ndi tizirombo tinsalu ta m'munda

Njira zopewera

Tisaiwale za nthawi yake kuchotsa, kuchotsa udzu, kuthirira. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kubzala mbewu za mulch limodzi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe (udzu, masamba, nsonga za pea, nyemba), komanso filimu, agrofibre. Yotsirizirayi ndiyabwino kwambiri, chifukwa imakhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono ambiri omwe amapereka kutentha kutenthetsa komanso mpweya wofika kumizu. Njira izi zipangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yolimba, yolimba, ndipo tizirombo siziwopa.

Zabwino polimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo zovulaza zimaperekedwa ndi kubzala limodzi kwa sitiroberi ndi anyezi. Ma phytoncides omwe amathandizidwa ndi anyezi amapulumutsa ku matenda ambiri, ndipo nkhupakupa ndi nematode sindimakonda fungo lake. Marigolds, lupins, nandolo zimathandiziranso tizirombo ta sitiroberi.

Kudzala kophatikizana kwa anyezi ndi sitiroberi zamtchire kukuyamba kutchuka

Kanema: kukonza sitiroberi pambuyo nthawi yachisanu

Kukonzekera kwa bedi lamasamba

Pakubzala kwa masika a sitiroberi, timakonzera dimba motere:

1. Timapanga yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate (2 tbsp. supuni pa ndowa).
2. Kukumba dothi mpaka 25-30 cm.
3. Manyowa ndi manyowa opukutidwa bwino, yankho la mullein, zinyalala, phulusa.
4. Ngati dothi lili louma, thirirani (kuthira ndowa yamadzi pa mita imodzi).
5. Mukathirira, mumasula pansi ndi pitchfork, wowaza kuti kutumphuka kusapangike.

Kanema: chisamaliro choyenera cha sitiroberi

Monga akunenera, popanda zovuta ... sipadzakhala zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Ntchito posamalira tchire la sitiroberi zamtchire imayamba kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndipo izi ndi zoyenera. Mwapang'onopang'ono zovuta za njira zodzitetezera zimachitika, kwambiri mwayi kuti mbewuzo zimakhala wathanzi, zamphamvu ndikupereka ntchito yabwino yokolola.